Bacterial succession within a biofilm in water supply lines of dental air–water syringes

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Tall ◽  
H. N. Williams ◽  
K. S. George ◽  
R. T. Gray ◽  
M. Walch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Dental Equipment ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Scanning Electron

Biofilms have been implicated as reservoirs for bacterial contamination of water delivered by dental air–water syringes. A 6-month study was done of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation in plastic water supply lines connected to dental air–water syringes. Changes in biofilm flora were observed by both scanning electron microscopy and bacteriologic culture. By day 7, many rod- and spiral-shaped bacteria had colonized the ridged surface of the luminal wall of the tubing, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. By day 30, individual microcolonies were embedded in extracellular polymeric material. By day 120, these microcolonies had begun to coalesce, and by day 180 the biofilm had developed into a multilayered, heterogenous mixture of microcolonies. The mean aerobic plate counts of colony-forming units of planktonic and biofilm populations were, in log10 values, 5.9 ± 0.54/mL and 4.2 ± 0.82/cm2, respectively. Early colonizers were predominantly Pseudomonas spp., but included Pasteurella, Moraxella, Ochrohactrum, and Aeromonas spp. Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter spp. were observed later. Many of these organisms are opportunistic pathogens. These results demonstrate the longitudinal dynamics of biofilm formation.Key words: dental equipment, air–water syringes, biofilms.

Sausage Casings as a Model for Attachment of Salmonella to Meat

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL WALLS ◽  
PETER H. COOKE ◽  
ROBERT C. BENEDICT ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Convenient Model ◽  
Sausage Casing ◽  
Scanning Electron

Artificial sausage casings were used as a model for studying bacterial attachment to meat connective tissue. Sausage casings of known mass were exposed to suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium in 0.15 M NaCl under various time, temperature, and inoculum level regimes, then washed to remove unattached bacteria. Attached bacterial cells were enumerated using both plate counts and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial cells attached to sausage casing surfaces within 1 min of incubation. Numbers of attached cells increased with increasing temperature and inoculum levels and with time. Rates of attachment of S. typhimurium to sausage casings were comparable with those reported for attachment to meat surfaces. Sausage casings appear to be a convenient model for examining mechanisms of bacterial attachment to meats.

Colonization of Cecal Mucosal Epithelium in Chicks Treated with a Continuous Flow Culture of 29 Characterized Bacteria: Confirmation by Scanning Electron Microscopy†

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. DROLESKEY ◽  
D. E. CORRIER ◽  
D. J. NISBET ◽  
J. R. DELOACH
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium.

scholarly journals In VitroAdherence of Oral Bacteria to Different Types of Tongue Piercings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pereira Borges ◽  
Julio Cesar Campos Ferreira-Filho ◽  
Julia Medeiros Martins ◽  
Caroline Vieira Alves ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this work was to verifyin vitroadherence ofE. corrodensandS. oralisto the surface of tongue piercings made of surgical steel, titanium, Bioplast, and Teflon. For this, 160 piercings were used for the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU) and 32 piercings for analysis under scanning electron microscopy. Of these, 96 (24 of each type) were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth and 50 μL of inoculum at 37°C/24 h. The other 96 piercings formed the control group and were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth at 37°C/24 h. Plates were incubated at 37°C/48 h for counting of CFU/mL and data were submitted to statistical analysis (pvalue<0.05). ForE. corrodens, difference among types of material was observed (p<0.001) and titanium and surgical steel showed lower bacterial adherence. The adherence ofS. oralisdiffered among piercings, showing lower colonization (p<0.007) in titanium and surgical steel piercings. The four types of piercings were susceptible to colonization byE. corrodensandS. oralis, and bacterial adhesion was more significant in those made of Bioplast and Teflon. The piercings presented bacterial colonies on their surface, being higher in plastic piercings probably due to their uneven and rough surface.

scholarly journals Effect of denture surface glazing on denture plaque formation

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton Sesma ◽  
Dalva Cruz Laganá ◽  
Susana Morimoto ◽  
Carlos Gil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Plaque ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Experiment ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study evaluated, in vivo, the efficacy of a denture glazing material (Palaseal) in modifying plaque colonization of dentures. Ten subjects were selected and received maxillary temporary partial removable dentures, with complete acrylic palatal coverage. The right half of the fitting surface of the denture bases were glazed with Palaseal, whereas the other half was not glazed. One month after insertion, two fragments of the resin base of all dentures were removed (one from the glazed side and another from the non-glazed side). These samples were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Three months after insertion, other fragments were obtained and analyzed. Microscopic observation at 1 month revealed that, for all patients, the plaque film was thinner on the treated side in comparison to the non-treated side. However, at the 3-month evaluation, some areas of the glaze showed cracking, and both glazed and non-glazed sides were covered by a dense bacterial plaque film. In conclusion, the findings of this clinical experiment showed that glazing denture's fitting surface did not prevent bacterial colonization, but favored plaque removal while the glaze layer remained intact. After three months, glaze cracks created microretentive areas that increased plaque accumulation.

scholarly journals Preload loss and bacterial penetration on different implant-abutment connection systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Pedro Ricomini Filho ◽  
Frederico Silva de Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Fabiana Gouveia Straioto ◽  
Wander José da Silva ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Bacterial Penetration ◽  
Scanning Electron

Preload loss can favor the occurrence of implant-abutment interface misfit, and bacterial colonization at this interface may lead to implant failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preload loss and bacterial penetration through the implant-abutment interface of conical and external hexagon connection systems subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical fatigue (TM). Four different implant-abutment connection systems were evaluated (n=6): external hexagon with universal post, Morse taper with universal post, Morse taper with universal post through bolt, and locking taper with standard abutment. The assemblies (implant-abutment) were subjected to a thermal cycling regimen (1,000 cycles of 5°C and 55°C) and to mechanical fatigue (1.0 million cycles, 1.0 Hz, 120 N). The assemblies were immersed in Tryptic Soy + Yeast Extract broth containing Streptococcus sanguinis and incubated at 37°C and 10% CO2 for 72 h. Detorque values were recorded. The bacterial penetration was assessed and the abutments were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The preload data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. All screw abutment systems showed significantly higher (p<0.05) detorque values when subjected to TM and all conical systems presented bacterial penetration. The results show no relationship between the preload loss and the bacterial penetration.

Detecting the prevalence of bacterial colonization on tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters using quantitative PCR targeting 16S rRNA and scanning electron microscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110090
Author(s):  
Ali Mirza Onder ◽  
Christopher F Cuff ◽  
Xiaobing Liang ◽  
Anthony A Billings ◽  
Songul Onder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Qpcr Method ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and objectives:Tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters (TCC) get colonized by microorganisms, increasing risk for catheter related bacteremia (CRB). Our objective was to detect the prevalence of bacterial colonization of TCC by using quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting 16S rRNA and by determining the intraluminal adherent biological material (ABM) coverage.Methods:A total of 45 TCC were investigated. The 16S rRNA qPCR technique was used to detect bacterial colonization after scraping the intraluminal ABM. Proximal, middle, and distal TCC were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the percentage (%) of intraluminal ABM coverage. All catheters were cultured following sonication.Results:A total of 45 TCC were removed: 7 due to CRB, 3 for suspected CRB and 35 were removed for non-infectious etiologies. Bacterial colonization was detected in 27 TCC by documenting 16S rRNA qPCR (+) results (60%). Seven of these 16S rRNA qPCR (+) catheters were removed due to CRB. There was no difference in demographic, clinical, or laboratory values between the 16S rRNA (+) versus (−) TCC. The 16S rRNA qPCR (−) outcome was highly associated with CRB-free status with negative predictive value of 100%. Bacterial colonization was documented in 10 TCC using catheter cultures (22%), which was significantly less compared to qPCR method ( p = 0.0002). ABM were detected in all catheter pieces, with mean intraluminal surface coverage (ABMC) of 68.4 ± 26.1%. ABM was unlikely to be microbial biofilm in at least 36% of removed TCC as their 16S rRNA qPCR and catheter culture results were both negative.Conclusions:Detecting bacterial colonization of TCC was significantly higher with 16S rRNA qPCR compared to catheter cultures. The 16S rRNA qPCR (−) cannot be predicted and was strongly associated with absence of CRB. Intraluminal ABM was not associated with microbial presence in about 1/3 of the TCC. These pieces of evidence may help to improve prophylactic strategies against CRB.

scholarly journals MICROSTRUCTURE OF STOMATOLOGICAL MATERIAL "RESTAVRIN" BEFORE AND AFTER BACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN THE EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
V. I. Kolodkina ◽  
A. A. Arutyunov ◽  
A. A. Ovsyannikova ◽  
S. A. Babichev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim. This research was conducted to study the electron microscopic microstructure of the surface of the filling material «Restavrin» coated with the «Easy Glaze» sealant and without it before and after bacterial adhesion by scanning electron microscopy.Materials and methods. There was studied the microrelief of the plates preliminarily made from a polymeric nano-hybrid filling material («Restavrin», Technodent, Russia) with and without the sealant «Easy Glaze» and without it both in the initial state and after being placed in a medium with microorganisms. The material for microbiological examination (the contents of the gingival sulcus) was taken from 23 patients with a diagnosis of «dentine caries» by sterile turundas. The test material was directly placed near the patient's chair in a Petri dish with enriched blood agar. Nutrient media with inoculations were delivered to the laboratory for further research. After selecting the necessary area for scanning at the same magnification (×200) (the size of the scanned section is 50x68 μm2) at a certain vertical interval, 6-8 horizontal lines for scanning were selected.Results. Scanning electron microscopy at the end of the 45-day experiment showed that used S.oralis and S.mutans strains (strains isolated from dental patients’ contents of the gingival joint) have a pronounced ability to adhere what indirectly confirms the formation of glucans by them and, accordingly, their cariogenicity. The destructive effect of oral streptococci (S.mutans + S.oralis) on the surface of the filling materials «Restavrin» and «Restavrin» + sealant «Easy Glaze» was experimentally confirmed that clearly manifests itself after 45 days of joining streptococci and filling materials. It should be noted that the restorative material «Restavrin» under the sealant «Easy Glaze» remained nearly intact during the 45-day in vitro experiment.Conclusion. We consider it advisable to recommend the compulsory covering of the restoration with a sealant because it serves as a kind of barrier protecting the filling material from the effect of oral streptococci. Accordingly, this procedure extends the life of the filling and also ensures the preservation of the aesthetic and mechanical properties of the composite restorations. 

The Role of Biofilm Formation in Percutaneous Kirschner-Wire Fixation of Radial Fractures

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. HARGREAVES ◽  
A. PAJKOS ◽  
A. K. DEVA ◽  
K. VICKERY ◽  
S. L. FILAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study examines the formation of bacterial biofilms on percutaneous wires used for fracture fixation. Twelve control (clinically uninfected) wires and ten infected wires were collected and examined using broth culture and scanning electron microscopy. Three of the 12 control wires grew Staphylococcus spp. with very low bacterial counts in their percutaneous portions. In the clinically infected wires, six wires in four subjects had positive cultures in their percutaneous portions and four of these also had positive cultures in their deep portions with much higher bacterial counts than the controls. In two patients (four wires) treated with antibiotics, cultures were negative except for the percutaneous portion of one wire. Scanning electron microscopy did not reveal bacterial biofilm formation, but biological deposit without bacteria was noted on most wires. During the 6 weeks of fracture fixation, some bacterial colonization of wires occurred, but bacteria did not form biofilms which may increase bacterial resistance to systemic antibiotics, cause implant loosening and act as a source of late infection.

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