Metabolism of trinitrobenzene by a Pseudomonas consortium

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraj Boopathy ◽  
John Manning ◽  
Carlo Montemagno ◽  
Kris Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Amino Compound ◽  
Nitroaromatic Compound ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Soil And Water

The metabolism of trinitrobenzene by a Pseudomonas consortium was studied. The Pseudomonas consortium used trinitrobenzene as a sole source of nitrogen, but not as a sole source of carbon. Trinitrobenzene was metabolized within 60 h of incubation. The main intermediates produced were dinitroaniline, 1,5-dinitrobenzene, nitroaniline, 5-nitrobenzene, and ammonia. The ammonia concentration in the culture medium increased during the course of incubation. Nearly stoichiometric amounts of 1,5-dinitrobenzene and 5-nitrobenzene were produced by the consortium. During trinitrobenzene metabolism by this bacterial consortium, the trinitrobenzene was first reduced to an amino compound, dinitroaniline. This intermediate was reductively deaminated with the release of ammonia into the culture medium and production of 1,5-dinitrobenzene. By the same mechanism, 1,5-dinitrobenzene was further converted to 5-nitrobenzene, which was not metabolized further, even after 60 days of incubation. This pathway is believed to be novel in that an aerobic bacterial consortium uses the nitroaromatic compound as its nitrogen source but leaves the ring intact. The bacterial consortium studied could be used in a syntrophic culture system with other 5-nitrobenzene-degrading bacteria to remove trinitrobenzene completely from soil and water at contaminated sites.Key words: trinitrobenzene, aniline, nitrobenzene, biodegradation, transformation.

Nitroaromatic compounds serve as nitrogen source for Desulfovibrio sp. (B strain)

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Boopathy ◽  
C. F. Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Nitroaromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Soil And Water

A sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio sp. (B strain), isolated from a continuous anaerobic digester, used various nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene as sole nitrogen sources for growth and also used these compounds as electron acceptors in the absence of sulfate in the culture medium. More than 60% of the nitroaromatics were transformed within 6 days of incubation. The organism also used aniline as sole nitrogen source, but not as an electron acceptor. Desulfovibrio sp. (B strain) did not use nitroaromatics as sole source of carbon and energy. The nitro groups in the aromatic ring were reduced and reductively deaminated to ammonia, which was used as nitrogen source, leaving the aromatic ring intact. Even though this organism did not degrade the nitroaromatics completely, it may be useful in degrading nitroaromatics in contaminated soil and water containing other aromatic degraders in a syntrophic culture system under anaerobic conditions.Key words: anaerobic process, biotransformation, nitroaromatics, aniline, Desulfovibrio sp.

Isolation of estrogen-degrading bacteria from an activated sludge bioreactor treating swine waste, including a strain that converts estrone to β-estradiol

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Isabelle ◽  
Richard Villemur ◽  
Pierre Juteau ◽  
François Lépine
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Reducing Activity

An estrogen-degrading bacterial consortium from a swine wastewater biotreatment was enriched in the presence of low concentrations (1 mg/L) of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (βE2), and equol (EQO) as sole carbon sources. The consortium removed 99% ± 1% of these three estrogens in 48 h. Estrogen removal occurred even in the presence of an ammonia monooxygenase inhibitor, suggesting that nitrifiers are not involved. Five strains showing estrogen-metabolizing activity were isolated from the consortium on mineral agar medium with estrogens as sole carbon source. They are related to four genera ( Methylobacterium (strain MI6.1R), Ochrobactrum (strains MI6.1B and MI9.3), Pseudomonas (strain MI14.1), and Mycobacterium (strain MI21.2)) distributed among three classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria). Depending on the culture medium, strains MI6.1B, MI9.3, MI14.1, and MI21.2 partially transform βE2 into E1, whereas Methylobacterium sp. strain MI6.1R reduces E1 into βE2 under aerobic conditions, in contrast with the usually observed conversion of βE2 into E1. Since βE2 is a more potent endocrine disruptor than E1, it means that the presence of Methylobacterium sp. strain MI6.1R (or other bacteria with the same E1-reducing activity) in a treatment could transiently increase the estrogenicity of the effluent. MI6.1R can also reduce the ketone group of 16-ketoestradiol, a hydroxylated analog of E1. All βE2 and E1 transformation activities were constitutive, and many of them are favoured in a rich medium than a medium containing no other carbon source. None of the isolated strains could degrade EQO.

scholarly journals KONSORSIA BAKTERI PENGURAI SIANIDA YANG DI ISOLASI DARI BUANGAN INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN EMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Nunik Sulistinah ◽  
Bambang Sunarko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Bacterial consortium capable of growing and utilizing cyanide as a source of nitrogen were isolated from effluent of gold mining industry. The isolation was conducted using liquid enrichment medium with potassium cyanide and glucose as nitrogen and carbon source, respectively. These consortium could tolerate and were able to grow on KCN at concentration of up to 1000 ppm. Bacterial consortium LP3 were also able to degrade potassium cyanide and ammonium as product of the degradation. The degradation rate was 9,0μM per minute. The cyanide-degrading bacteria found in this consortium were identified as Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Serratia.Keywords: potassium cyanide, nitrogen source, bacterial consortium LP3,degradation

scholarly journals An Acrylamide-degrading Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Volcanic Soi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
. Rusnam ◽  
Neni Gusmanizar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Volcanic Soil ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
West Sumatra

In soil, polyacrylamide is a key source of acrylamide because it slowly decomposes into acrylamide. There has been a modest but steady rise in worldwide interest in microbe-mediated acrylamide decomposition as a bioremediation method. A bacterial consortium isolated from the volcanic soil of Mount Marapi, West Sumatra, Indonesia, was able to thrive on acrylamide in this study. Acrylamide-degrading bacteria grew best in the presence of 1 %(w/v) glucose with acrylamide as the sole nitrogen source. Optimum growth occurs in between 300 and 500 mg/L of acrylamide, pH between 6.5 and 8.0, and temperatures between 30 and 35 °C. The consortium can also grow on acetamide as the sole nitrogen source. Toxic heavy metals, such as mercury, silver and copper slowed down the growth of this consortium on acrylamide. This is the first report of an acrylamide-degrading consortium isolated from volcanic soils.

scholarly journals Microbial Thiocyanate Utilization under Highly Alkaline Conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Tatyana P. Tourova ◽  
Anatoly M. Lysenko ◽  
J. Gijs Kuenen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
N Source ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

ABSTRACT Three kinds of alkaliphilic bacteria able to utilize thiocyanate (CNS−) at pH 10 were found in highly alkaline soda lake sediments and soda soils. The first group included obligate heterotrophs that utilized thiocyanate as a nitrogen source while growing at pH 10 with acetate as carbon and energy sources. Most of the heterotrophic strains were able to oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate to tetrathionate. The second group included obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles which utilized thiocyanate nitrogen during growth with thiosulfate as the energy source. Genetic analysis demonstrated that both the heterotrophic and autotrophic alkaliphiles that utilized thiocyanate as a nitrogen source were related to the previously described sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles belonging to the gamma subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (theHalomonas group for the heterotrophs and the genusThioalkalivibrio for autotrophs). The third group included obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphilic bacteria able to utilize thiocyanate as a sole source of energy. These bacteria could be enriched on mineral medium with thiocyanate at pH 10. Growth with thiocyanate was usually much slower than growth with thiosulfate, although the biomass yield on thiocyanate was higher. Of the four strains isolated, the three vibrio-shaped strains were genetically closely related to the previously described sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles belonging to the genus Thioalkalivibrio. The rod-shaped isolate differed from the other isolates by its ability to accumulate large amounts of elemental sulfur inside its cells and by its ability to oxidize carbon disulfide. Despite its low DNA homology with and substantial phenotypic differences from the vibrio-shaped strains, this isolate also belonged to the genusThioalkalivibrio according to a phylogenetic analysis. The heterotrophic and autotrophic alkaliphiles that grew with thiocyanate as an N source possessed a relatively high level of cyanase activity which converted cyanate (CNO−) to ammonia and CO2. On the other hand, cyanase activity either was absent or was present at very low levels in the autotrophic strains grown on thiocyanate as the sole energy and N source. As a result, large amounts of cyanate were found to accumulate in the media during utilization of thiocyanate at pH 10 in batch and thiocyanate-limited continuous cultures. This is a first direct proof of a “cyanate pathway” in pure cultures of thiocyanate-degrading bacteria. Since it is relatively stable under alkaline conditions, cyanate is likely to play a role as an N buffer that keeps the alkaliphilic bacteria safe from inhibition by free ammonia, which otherwise would reach toxic levels during dissimilatory degradation of thiocyanate.

P–218 Analysis of the occurrence of microbial contamination in IVF culture system and the effect of microorganisms on embryo development and clinical outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Du ◽  
R Li ◽  
Q Zhang ◽  
W Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ivf Et

Abstract Study question what is the source, prevalence, and influence of microbial contamination on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycles? Summary answer Microbial contamination mainly occurs on Day 2, most caused by Escherichia coli carried with semen. ICSI could prevent contamination effectively and get good clinical outcomes. What is known already Microbial contamination occurs in IVF-ET system occasionally, which is hard to stop happening. The IVF culture system and laboratory environment, the patients’ follicular fluid and semen are not absolutely sterile, while the antibiotics in culture medium isn’t effective for all microbe types, and the artificial operations may bring in microbes. Generally, microbial contamination leads to degradation of embryos, reduction the number of embryos available, and infection of female reproductive tract, which would increase the cost of patients’ time, money, and bring psychological damages. A better understanding of embryo contamination in IVF culture system is of added value. Study design, size, duration A total of 29583 IVF-ET cycles were enrolled in this prospective observational study, from January 2010 to December 2020, included 70 microbial contamination cycles discovered in Day1-Day3 (D1-D3) of in vitro culture. Follicular fluid and semen saved on oocyte retrieval day, and culture medium contaminated were examined and identified for microorganisms at each contamination cycle. Participants/materials, setting, methods Compared the contamination rate of different insemination methods (IVF/ICSI/IVF+ICSI), different in vitro culture days (D1-D3), and different samples examination (follicular fluid, semen, culture medium) respectively, identified the source of microorganism types, compared the IVF culture outcomes and clinical outcomes between total contamination group (TC group, 42 cases) and partial contamination group (PC group, 28 cases). Main results and the role of chance A total of 70 microbial contamination cases occurred in 29583 oocyte retrieving cycles (0.24%), and it was observed only in IVF embryos but never in ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) embryos. 38 contamination cases occurred on D2 with a highest ratio (54.3%) compared to D1 (32.9%) and D3(12.9%); Compared with follicular fluid, semen was the main cause inducing contamination from D1 to D3, and Escherichia coli in semen and culture medium, Enterococcus faecalis in follicular fluid proved to be the most common sources. Compared with TC group, the PC group showed a lower rate of No-available embryos (21.4% vs 81.0%) and a higher rate of blastocyst formation (41.2% vs 28.6%), In addition, the clinical pregnancy rate of PC group was higher than that of TC group in both fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles (31.3% vs 16.7%, 38.5% vs 0.0%). Limitations, reasons for caution Further study is still necessary to better understand the sources that induce microbial contamination embryos, and more efficient methods are required to remove the microbes on these contaminated embryos so as better develop and manage a sterile micro-environment for successful embryo growth. Wider implications of the findings: The differential embryonic microbe types associated to different IVF culture and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing IVF-ET might have profound implications for understanding the microbial sources and making a better management of IVF culture system. Trial registration number Not applicable

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria of Termite Gut from North Eastern Region of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Sonika Sharma ◽  
Soumya Chatterjee ◽  
Sibnarayan Datta ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Prasad ◽  
Angkita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
North East ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Termite Gut

A study was conducted to screen and isolate cellulase producing bacteria of termite gut from North east region of India. A total of 27 culturable bacterial isolates were screened for cellulase production. Out of the 27 bacterial isolates 11 showed zone of clearance on CMC agar media on staining with 1% Congo red, suggesting potential cellulose degrading activity. The maximum hydrolysis capacities (HC value) on CMC agar plate was found within the range of 3.6 to 40mm. The morphological characterization and gram staining of the positive isolates indicated that 3 isolates were positively stained rods and others were negative cocci. All the cellulase positive isolates were also tested for carbohydrate utilization with maltose, dextrose and fructose, to which all the 11 isolates responded positively. Further, based on the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genetic region, isolates were identified as member of the genus Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Staphylococcus. The degrading potential of these bacteria were assessed by developing bacterial consortium and efficient degradation was reported after seven days of incubation with different cellulose source like rice, cotton and rice husk.

Isolation and characterization of the ethynylestradiol-biodegrading microorganism Fusarium proliferatum strain HNS-1

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Shi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
B.-D. Lee ◽  
S. Nakai ◽  
M. Hosomi
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Phenolic Group

We cultivated hundreds of sediment, soil, and manure samples taken from rivers and farms in a medium containing ethynylestradiol (EE2) as the sole source of carbon, so that microorganisms in the samples would acclimatize to the presence of EE2. Finally, we isolated an EE2-degrading microorganism, designated as strain HNS-1, from a cowshed sample. Based on its partial nucleotide sequence (563 bp) of the 28S rRNA gene, strain HNS-1 was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. Over 15 days, F. proliferatum strain HNS-1 removed 97% of EE2 at an initial concentration of 25 mg.L−1, with a first-order rate constant of 0.6 d−1. Unknown products of EE2 degradation, which may be more polar compounds that have a phenolic group, remained in the culture medium.

scholarly journals A liquid culture system for murine megakaryocyte progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
T Nagasawa ◽  
M Nakazawa ◽  
T Abe
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Liquid Culture System ◽  
Cell Conditioned Medium ◽  
Number Of Cells

A liquid culture system is described for murine megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-M) in the presence of pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated spleen-cell conditioned medium. There were dose-related responses between the number of CFU-M developed and the number of cells cultured and the dosage of conditioned medium in this liquid culture system. Murine CFU-M were abundantly cloned in this system an the plating efficiency was similar in comparison with that in a plasma clot system. The acetylcholinesterase-positive colonies (more than 4 acetylcholinesterase-positive cells) were clearly seen on day 3 of culture, and they reached a maximum (60.5 +/- 10.7/2 x 10(5) cells) on day 7 of culture. Ultrastructural analyses of megakaryocytic maturation in this system showed that a few megakaryocytes produced platelets that were released in the culture medium on day 5 of culture. This liquid culture system is suitable for the study of the dynamic process of the megakaryocyte-platelet system.

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