Cereal grain digestion by selected strains of ruminal fungi

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Y. Dong ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
H. D. Bae ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Neocallimastix Patriciarum ◽  
Grain Starch

The ruminal fungi Orpinomyces joyonii strain 19-2, Neocallimastix patriciarum strain 27, and Piromyces communis strain 22 were examined for their ability to digest cereal starch. All strains digested corn starch more readily than barley or wheat starch. Orpinomyces joyonii 19-2 exhibited the greatest propensity to digest starch in wheat and barley, whereas the digestion of these starches by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22 was limited. Media ammonia concentrations were lower when fungal growth was evident, suggesting that all strains assimilate ammonia. Fungi formed extensive rhizoidal systems on the endosperm of corn, but O. joyonii 19-2 was the only strain to form such systems on the endosperm of wheat and barley. All strains penetrated the protein matrix of corn but did not penetrate starch granules. Starch granules from all three cereals were pitted, evidence of extensive digestion by extracellular amylases produced by O. joyonii 19-2. Similar pitting was observed on the surface of corn starch granules digested by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22, but not on wheat and barley starch granules. The ability of ruminal fungi to digest cereal grains depends on both the strain of fungus and the type of grain. The extent to which fungi digest cereal grain in the rumen remains to be determined.Key words: ruminal fungi, cereal grain, starch digestion, ruminant.

scholarly journals USE OF FORMALDEHYDE TO REGULATE DIGESTION OF BARLEY STARCH

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McALLISTER ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
L. M. RODE ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Anaerobic Media

This study was conducted to determine the effect of formaldehyde treatment of barley on the rate of microbial starch digestion. Ground barley was left untreated (UB) or treated with 0.5% formaldehyde (TB) and incubated in vials with an inoculum consisting of a homogenate of rumen contents and Bryant's anaerobic media (1:1). Separate vials were analyzed for starch, ammonia, pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) after 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h. The digestion of starch was lower (P < 0.05) in TB than in UB between 4 and 24 h. Accumulation of NH3 was lower and pH was higher in TB vials (P < 0.05) than in UB vials. VFA production and fermentation efficiency were lower (P < 0.05) in TB than in UB. Formaldehyde treatment of barley reduced (P < 0.05) the production of propionate and enhanced (P < 0.05) the production of butyrate in comparison with UB. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the initial colonization of TB was inhibited in comparison with that of UB. The distinct shape of the endosperm cells of TB (12 h) were readily recognizable, but the endosperm cells of UB (12 h) were not readily distinguishable. SEM of TB (24 h) showed that the protein matrix of the endosperm cell is resistant to microbial digestion. The formaldehyde-induced reduction in starch digestion appears to result from the protein matrix inhibiting the access of bacteria to underlying starch granules. Key words: Starch, rumen bacteria, formaldehyde, barley

scholarly journals In vitro ruminal degradability of cereal grain starch

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tománková ◽  
P. Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Feed Samples

An in vitro method was used to determine ruminal degradability of starch (IVRDS) in a set of cereal grains. The set included 9 feed samples, including 2 samples of ground wheat, 2 samples of wheat treated with sodium hydroxide, ground barley, barley treated with sodium hydroxide, 2 samples of ground oats and ground maize. Ruminal degradability of starch was assayed by the feed fermentation for 2, 4, 6, 16 and 24 hours. A significant difference in starch degradability was found between treated and untreated ground samples after 2-hour fermentation (13.73 &plusmn; 3.12 vs. 32.77 &plusmn; 8.17; P &lt; 0.001), 4-hour fermentation (33.44 &plusmn; 7.31 vs. 60.30 &plusmn; 16.71; P &lt; 0.001) and 6-hour fermentation (42.63 &plusmn; 7.13 vs. 74.20 &plusmn; 6.38; P &lt; 0.001). On the basis of the rate of ruminal degradability of starch the order of cereal grains was as follows (from the highest to the lowest value): ground oats, ground wheat, ground barley, ground maize, wheat and barley treated with sodium hydroxide.

scholarly journals Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation on Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Two Bread Wheat Cultivars

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jingyang Tong ◽  
Shujun Wang ◽  
Zhonghu He ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Short Range ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation are significant agronomic factors affecting wheat production, but little information is available on the effects of reduced N fertilization and irrigation on internal starch structure and physicochemical properties associated with the quality of wheat-based foods. In this study, reduced N fertilization and irrigation were separately applied to investigate their effects on composition and morphological changes, crystalline and external region structure features, swelling power, and gelatinization characteristics of starch granules in bread wheat, with a high N-use-efficiency and water-saving wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 and a widely grown cultivar Jingdong 17. Compared with a non-N control, reduced N fertilization did not change the crystallinity type and short-range ordered degree of starch; however, it significantly increased relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy, whereas amylose content and transition temperatures were decreased. Under reduced irrigation, more small starch granules with compact arrangements appeared in comparison with non-water control. Relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy of starch were increased, whereas short-range ordered degree and transition temperatures were decreased. Moreover, the starch of the two cultivars appeared to differ in response to both the N and water treatments. The findings indicated that reduced N fertilization or irrigation markedly influenced the structure and physicochemical characteristics of wheat starch, providing important information for developing elite cultivars with high N and water use efficiency and outstanding starch quality.

The swelling behaviour of wheat starch granules during isothermal and non-isothermal treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Malumba ◽  
Nicolas Jacquet ◽  
Guy Delimme ◽  
Florence Lefebvre ◽  
François Béra
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Swelling Behaviour

Effect of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Starch Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 701-704
Author(s):  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Compound Structure ◽  
Starch Properties ◽  
Better Than

In this article, corn starch was modified by α-amylase with different hydrolytic time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and the effects of modification technology on its properties of viscosity, compound structure and mechanical were studied. The result showed that structure of modified starch was conserved with hydrolytic time increased, whereas tensile strength were increased and viscosity was decreased. The performance of modified starch that hydrolyzed by 30 min was better than others and pinholes were generated in the surface of starch granules

Particle size distribution of wheat starch granules in relation to baking properties of frozen dough

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Tao ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Fengfeng Wu ◽  
Zhengyu Jin ◽  
Xueming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Frozen Dough

Digestion and physiological properties of resistant starch in the human large bowel

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Cummings ◽  
Emily R Beatty ◽  
Susan M Kingman ◽  
Sheila A Bingham ◽  
Hans N Englyst
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Retrograded Starch ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Stimulation Of

The digestion of four sources of resistant starch (RS) has been studied in twelve healthy volunteers who ate controlled diets for 15 d periods. RS from potato, banana, wheat and maize (17−30 g/d) was compared with a starch-free diet, a diet containing wheat starch that was fully digested in the small intestine, and with 18·4 g NSP from bran/d. RS increased stool wet weight by 1·6 g/d per g RS fed for potato, 1·7 for banana, 2·5 for wheat and 2·7 for maize, but this was significantly less than bran NSP at 4·9 g/g. RS was extensively digested in twenty-seven of thirtyfour diet periods but five subjects were unable to break down one or two of the RS sources. Faecal N and energy excretion were increased. RS decreased NSP breakdown and RS2(resistant starch granules) tended to prolong transit time. All forms of RS increased faecal total short-chain fatty acid excretion. RS2(from potato and banana) gave greater proportions of acetate in faeces, and RS3(retrograded starch from wheat and maize) more propionate. We have concluded that RS2and RS3are broken down in the human gut, probably in the colon although in 26% of cases this breakdown was impaired. RS exerts mild laxative properties, predominantly through stimulation of biomass excretion but also through some sparing of NSP breakdown.

Thermal behaviour of corn starch granules under action of fungal α-amylase

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Lacerda ◽  
M. A. da Silva Carvalho Filho ◽  
I. M. Demiate ◽  
G. Bannach ◽  
M. Ionashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Starch Granules

Effect of the Heat-Moisture Treatment on the Enzymatic Susceptibility of Corn Starch Granules

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia M. L. Franco ◽  
César F. Ciacco ◽  
Débora Q. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Moisture Treatment
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