Inhibition of microbial adherence by sphinganine

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Jan Bibel ◽  
Raza Aly ◽  
Henry R. Shinefield
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Microbial Adherence ◽  
Complex Sphingolipids

Sphingosines (precursors and degeneration products of complex sphingolipids) are mediators in membrane second-messenger cascades and in a wide variety of functions in eukaryotic cells. Sphingosines are also lethal for gram-positive microorganisms. In addition to its direct effect, sphinganine is here reported to affect the adherence of Streptococcus mitis to buccal epithelial cells and of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal mucosal cells after incubation for 90 min at 37 °C. When the bacteria were pretreated with 8.1, 16.2, 32.5, or (for Strep. mitis) 65 μM sphinganine for 60 min at 37 °C, adherence counts were reduced for Staph. aureus by 27, 37, and 60% and for Strep. mitis by 19, 44, 54, and 73%, respectively (p < 0.001). In contrast, pretreatment of buccal cells with 81.2 μM lipid increased adherence by 14% (p < 0.01), but no change occurred at either 16.2 or 325 μM lipid. These results further demonstrate the double-edged ability of sphingosines to regulate cellular activities and their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. Key words: adherence, sphingosine, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis.

sae is essential for expression of the staphylococcal adhesins Eap and Emp

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1789-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Harraghy ◽  
Jan Kormanec ◽  
Christiane Wolz ◽  
Dagmar Homerova ◽  
Christiane Goerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Transcription Start Point ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Regulatory Mutants ◽  
Global Regulators ◽  
Glucose Analysis

Eap and Emp are two Staphylococcus aureus adhesins initially described as extracellular matrix binding proteins. Eap has since emerged as being important in adherence to and invasion of eukaryotic cells, as well as being described as an immunomodulator and virulence factor in chronic infections. This paper describes the mapping of the transcription start point of the eap and emp promoters. Moreover, using reporter-gene assays and real-time PCR in defined regulatory mutants, environmental conditions and global regulators affecting expression of eap and emp were investigated. Marked differences were found in expression of eap and emp between strain Newman and the 8325 derivatives SH1000 and 8325-4. Moreover, both genes were repressed in the presence of glucose. Analysis of expression of both genes in various regulatory mutants revealed that sarA and agr were involved in their regulation, but the data suggested that there were additional regulators of both genes. In a sae mutant, expression of both genes was severely repressed. sae expression was also reduced in the presence of glucose, suggesting that repression of eap and emp in glucose-containing medium may, in part, be a consequence of a decrease in expression of sae.

scholarly journals Mouse models for infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

2014 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Keun Kim ◽  
Dominique Missiakas ◽  
Olaf Schneewind
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mouse Models

Neomycin: Its Nature and Practical Application

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1188
Author(s):  
JOHN M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiseptic Agent

This book on neomycin is an excellent compilation f information on an antibiotic that has gained a permanent place among the useful therapeutic agents of today. Edited by Dr. Waksman and his associates, comprising a total of 35 contributors, no aspect of the story of neomycin is untouched from its brief history of less than ten years since its discovery in 1949 to its everyday use in clinical medicine at the present time. Neomycin has found a permanent place in the therapy of man and animals, and because it is not readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract it has become an ideal intestinal antiseptic agent as well as being highly useful in the treatment of many infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Pharmacists' Intervention on the Antibiotic Therapy for the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infectious Diseases in the Intensive Care Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu IMAURA ◽  
Yuji KOHATA ◽  
Koutarou KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI ◽  
Haruko YOKOYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Extracellular Adherence Protein from Staphylococcus aureus Enhances Internalization into Eukaryotic Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2310-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axana Haggar ◽  
Muzaffar Hussain ◽  
Helena Lönnies ◽  
Mathias Herrmann ◽  
Anna Norrby-Teglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Isogenic Mutant ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Internalization Process ◽  
Surface Localization

ABSTRACT In this study we have shown that Eap (extracellular adherence protein) plays a role in the internalization process of Staphylococcus aureus into eukaryotic cells. Eap is a protein that is mostly extracellularly and to a lesser extent is bound to the bacterial surface as a result of rebinding. Eap is able to bind to several plasma proteins, such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin. It has the capacity to form oligomers and is able to agglutinate S. aureus. A mutant strain, Newman mAH12 (eap:: Eryr), with a deficient eap gene was used in the present study. We have demonstrated that (i) strain Newman mAH12 could adhere to and become internalized to a higher extent by eukaryotic cells than the isogenic mutant, (ii) strain Newman mAH12 complemented with the eap gene displayed restoration of the internalization level, (iii) externally added Eap enhanced the internalization of laboratory and clinical S. aureus strains as well as of S. carnosus (a coagulase-negative species devoid of proteins important for internalization), and (iv) antibodies against Eap were able to block the internalization process in strain Newman mAH12 and clinical isolates. Eap, with its broad binding capacity and its surface localization, thus seems to contribute to the internalization of S. aureus into eukaryotic cells. We therefore propose a novel internalization pathway for S. aureus in which Eap plays an enhancing role.

scholarly journals Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Produced by Mutant Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Vaccine-Induced Memory T Cells Downregulates IL-17 Production and Abrogates the Protective Effect against Staphylococcus aureus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji Narita ◽  
Dong-Liang Hu ◽  
Krisana Asano ◽  
Akio Nakane
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Memory Phase ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

ABSTRACT Development of long-term memory is crucial for vaccine-induced adaptive immunity against infectious diseases such as Staphylococcus aureus infection. Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), one of the superantigens produced by S. aureus, is a possible vaccine candidate against infectious diseases caused by this pathogen. We previously reported that vaccination with less toxic mutant TSST-1 (mTSST-1) induced T helper 17 (Th17) cells and elicited interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-mediated protection against S. aureus infection 1 week after vaccination. In the present study, we investigated the host immune response induced by mTSST-1 vaccination in the memory phase, 12 weeks after the final vaccination. The protective effect and IL-17A production after vaccination with mTSST-1 were eliminated because of IL-10 production. In the presence of IL-10-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), IL-17A production was restored in culture supernatants of CD4+ T cells and macrophages sorted from the spleens of vaccinated mice. Vaccinated mice treated with anti-IL-10 mAb were protected against systemic S. aureus infection in the memory phase. From these results, it was suggested that IL-10 produced in the memory phase suppresses the IL-17A-dependent vaccine effect through downregulation of IL-17A production.

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