Physical and chemical control of released microorganisms at field sites

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 708-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Donegan ◽  
Ramon Seidler ◽  
Carl Matyac
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganism ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Field Plots

An important consideration in the environmental release of a genetically engineered microorganism is the capability for reduction or elimination of microorganism populations once their function is completed or if adverse environmental effects are observed. In this study the decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tilling, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria released on the phylloplane. Field plots of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sprayed with the bacterium Erwinia herbicola, received the following treatments: control; control + till; burn; burn + till; Kocide (cupric hydroxide); Kocide + till; Agri-Strep (streptomycin sulfate); and Agri-Strep + till. Leaves and soil from the plots were sampled −1, 1, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19, and 27 days after application of the decontamination treatments. Burning produced a significant reduction in the number of E. herbicola, whereas tilling, alone or in combination with the biocide treatments, stimulated a significant increase in E. herbicola populations, which persisted for several weeks. The individual treatments of the biocides, Kocide and Agri-Strep, produced a rate of decline in E. herbicola populations that did not significantly differ from that of the control treatment. Key words: decontamination, risk control, field release, genetically engineered microorganisms.

Recovery of a rhizosphere-colonizing GEM from inside wheat roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Nairn ◽  
Christopher P Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganism ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Fresh Root

Pseudomonas chloroaphis 3732 RN-L11 is a genetically modified bacterial strain that contains the lacZY marker genes in its chromosome. This strain is known to be a vigorous colonizer of plant roots and rhizosphere soil, and has been used as a model to evaluate survival and persistence of field-released genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs). However, the possibility that strain 3732 RN-L11 may also colonize internal plant tissues has not previously been investigated. Using spring wheat as a model system, we studied the ability of strain 3732 RN-L11 to colonize external and internal root tissues after seed inoculation. Strain 3732 RN-L11 was recovered from rhizosphere soil of 28-, 42-, and 56-day-old seedlings with mean population sizes of 3.3 × 105, 7.5 × 104, and 2.2 × 105CFU·g-1fresh root tissue, respectively. In addition, this strain was consistently recovered from surface-sterilized root tissues of 28- to 56-day-old seedlings with mean population sizes of 1.0 × 102to 6.2 × 103CFU·g-1fresh root tissue. Our results indicate that evaluation of plant-associated GEM populations after field release should include all possible colonization niches, including internal plant tissues.Key words: genetically engineered microorganism, rhizosphere, endophyte.

Ecologically significant effects of Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, on microbial populations and processes in soil

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Doyle ◽  
Kevin A. Short ◽  
Guenther Stotzky ◽  
Rick J. King ◽  
Ramon J. Seidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Genetically Engineered Microorganism

Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, affected microbial populations and processes in a nonsterile xeric soil. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (500 μg/g soil) and inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide was retarded for approximately 35 days; there was a transient increase in dehydrogenase activity; and the number of fungal propagules decreased below detection after 18 days. In unamended soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide and the dehydrogenase activity were unaffected, and the numbers of fungal propagules were reduced by about two orders of magnitude. The numbers of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria were reduced transiently in soil either amended or unamended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). The activities of arylsulfatases and phosphatases in soil were not affected by the presence of PPO301(pRO103), either in the presence or absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. In soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and inoculated with the parental strain (PPO301) or not inoculated, the evolution of carbon dioxide, the numbers of fungal propagules and of total, spore-forming, and chitin-utilizing bacteria, and the dehydrogenase activity were not affected as in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103). These results demonstrated that a genetically engineered microorganism, in the presence of the substrate on which its novel genes can function, is capable of inducing measurable ecological effects in soil. Key words: genetically engineered microorganisms, soil, ecology, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, Pseudomonas putida.

scholarly journals Application of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCH1 for the Bioconservation of Cooked Sausage Made from Mechanically Separated Poultry Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Beata Łaszkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Szymański ◽  
Dorota Zielińska ◽  
Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Nitrates Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of the research was an assessment of the effect of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCH1 strain isolated from ecological raw fermented pork roast on pH, redox potential, nitrites, and nitrates content, L a* b* color parameters, total heme pigments content, nitrosyl myoglobin concentration, as well as the microbiological quality and sensory traits of cooked sausages produced from mechanically separated poultry meat (MSPM), cured with a lower sodium nitrite level (NaNO2 50 mg/kg) after production as well as after storage (1 and 3 weeks of storage). The biochemical identification of the Lactobacillus bacteria after storage was also performed. Tests were performed in two sausage treatments: C—control sausage made from MSPM and L—sausage made from MSPM inoculated with L. plantarum at approx. 107 cfu/g. No negative effect of using the L. plantarum SCH1 strain on the physical and chemical MSPM sausage features was found. The treatment with L. plantarum SCH1 was of better microbiological quality after 3 weeks of storage. The sausages with L. plantarum SCH1 kept good sensory quality while the control treatment was spoiled after storage.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical imaging of adhesive interfaces with soft X-rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamane ◽  
Masaki Oura ◽  
Osamu Takahashi ◽  
Tomoko Ishihara ◽  
Noriko Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Covalent Bond Formation ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractAdhesion is an interfacial phenomenon that is critical for assembling carbon structural composites for next-generation aircraft and automobiles. However, there is limited understanding of adhesion on the molecular level because of the difficulty in revealing the individual bonding factors. Here, using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy we show the physical and chemical states of an adhesive interface composed of a thermosetting polymer of 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone-cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adhered to a thermoplastic polymer of plasma-treated polyetheretherketone. We observe multiscale phenomena in the adhesion mechanisms, including sub-mm complex interface structure, sub-μm distribution of the functional groups, and molecular-level covalent-bond formation. These results provide a benchmark for further research to examine how physical and chemical states correlate with adhesion, and demonstrate that soft X-ray imaging is a promising approach for visualizing the physical and chemical states at adhesive interfaces from the sub-mm level to the molecular level.

scholarly journals Does Diabetes Mellitus Alter the Onset and Clinical Course of Vascular Dementia?

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh B. Murthy ◽  
Ali Jawaid ◽  
Salah U. Qureshi ◽  
Yogeshwar Kalkonde ◽  
Andrew M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dementing Illness ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Individual

Background:Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common dementing illness. Multiple risk factors are associated with VaD, but the individual contribution of each to disease onset and progression is unclear. We examined the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) and the clinical variables of VaD.Methods:Data from 593 patients evaluated between June, 2003 and June, 2008 for cognitive impairment were prospectively entered into a database. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 63 patients who fit the NINDSAIREN criteria for VaD. The patients were divided into those with DM (VaDDM, n = 29) and those without DM(VaD,n= 34). The groups were compared with regard to multiple variables.Results:Patients with DM had a significantly earlier onset of VaD (71.9 ± 6.54 vs. 77.2 ± 6.03,p< 0.001), a faster rate of decline per year on the mini mental state examination (MMSE; 3.60 ± 1.82 vs. 2.54 ± 1.60 points,p= 0.02), and a greater prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms at the time of diagnosis (62% vs. 21%,p= 0.02).Conclusions:A history of premorbid DM was associated with an earlier onset and faster cognitive deterioration in VaD. Moreover, DM was associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with VaD. A larger study is needed to verify these associations. It will be important to investigate whether better glycemic control will mitigate the potential effects of DM on VaD.

Investigation of atmospheric hydrogen cyanide: a modelling perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Bruno ◽  
Jeremy J. Harrison ◽  
David P. Moore ◽  
Martyn P. Chipperfield ◽  
Richard J. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Atmospheric Loss ◽  
Physical And Chemical

&lt;p&gt;Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is one of the most abundant cyanides present in the global atmosphere, and is a tracer of biomass burning, especially for peatland fires. The HCN lifetime is 2&amp;#8211;5 months in the troposphere but several years in the stratosphere. Understanding the physical and chemical mechanisms of HCN variability is important due to its non-negligible role in the nitrogen cycle. The main source of tropospheric HCN is biomass burning with minor contributions from industry and transport. The main loss mechanism of atmospheric HCN is the reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Ocean uptake is also important, while in the stratosphere oxidation by reaction with O(&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;D) needs to be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;HCN variability can be investigated using chemical model simulations, such as three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport models (CTMs). Here we use an adapted version of the TOMCAT 3-D CTM at a 1.2&amp;#176;x1.2&amp;#176; spatial resolution from the surface to ~60 km for 12 idealised HCN tracers which quantify the main loss mechanisms of HCN, including ocean uptake, atmospheric oxidation reactions and their combinations. The TOMCAT output of the HCN distribution in the period 2004-2020 has been compared with HCN profiles measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) over an altitude grid from 6 to 42 km. HCN model data have also been compared with ground-based measurements of HCN columns from NDACC FTIR stations and with in-situ volume mixing ratios (VMRs) from NOAA ground-based measurement sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The model outputs for the HCN tracer with full treatment of the loss processes generally agree well with ACE-FTS measurements, as long as we use recent laboratory values for the atmospheric loss reactions. Diagnosis of the individual loss terms shows that decay of the HCN profile in the upper stratosphere is due mainly to the O(&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;D) sink. In order to test the magnitude of the tropospheric OH sink and the magnitude of the ocean sink, we also show the comparisons of the model tracers with surface-based observations. The implications of our results for understanding HCN and its variability are then discussed.&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document