Distribution of Azotobacter in Eastern Canadian soils and in association with plant rhizospheres

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj M. Kole ◽  
William J. Page ◽  
Illimar Altosaar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Canadian Soils

Aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria were readily isolated from Eastern Canadian soils. The majority (89%) of these soils were found to contain Azotobacter chroococcum and other members of this family. These bacteria ranged from 1 × 102 to 2.5 × 104 bacteria per gram soil. The soil type had relatively little effect on the population of these bacteria provided a soil moisture content of 10 to 18% and a soil pH of 6.5 to 8.0 was maintained. The presence of wheat or common lawn grasses did not promote better establishment of Azotobacteraceae. However, slightly larger populations of these bacteria were associated with corn, oat, and soybean rhizospheres.

Soil Type, Soil Moisture, and Field Slope Influence the Horizontal Movement of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii from Floodwater through Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY THERESA CALLAHAN ◽  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT Pathogens in soil are readily mobilized by infiltrating water to travel downward through the soil. However, limited data are available on the horizontal movement of pathogens across a field. This study used a model system to evaluate the influence of soil type, initial soil moisture content, and field slope on the movement of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport across a horizontal plane of soil under flooding conditions. Three soil types of varying clay content were moistened to 40, 60, or 80% of their maximum water-holding capacities and flooded with water containing 6 log CFU/ml Salmonella Newport and Citrobacter freundii, the latter being evaluated as a potential surrogate for S. enterica in future field trials. A two-phase linear regression was used to analyze the microbial populations recovered from soil with increasing distance from the flood. This model reflected the presence of lag distances followed by a quantifiable linear decrease in the population of bacteria as a function of the distance from the site of flooding. The magnitude of the lag distance was significantly affected by the soil type, but this was not attributable to the soil clay content. The rate of the linear decline with distance from the flood zone was affected by soil type, initial soil moisture content, and soil incline. As the initial soil moisture content increased, the rate of decline in recovery decreased, indicating greater bacterial transport through soils. When flooding was simulated at the bottom of the soil incline, the rate of decline in recovery was much greater than when flooding was simulated at the top of the incline. There was no significant difference in recovery between Salmonella Newport and C. freundii, indicating that C. freundii may be a suitable surrogate for Salmonella Newport in future field studies.

scholarly journals Laboratory Measurements of Subsurface Spatial Moisture Content by Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) Diffraction and Reflection Imaging of Agricultural Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Shamir ◽  
Naftaly Goldshleger ◽  
Uri Basson ◽  
Moshe Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Effective Dielectric Constant ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Soil moisture content (SMC) down to the root zone is a major factor for the efficient cultivation of agricultural crops, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Precise SMC can maximize crop yields (both quality and quantity), prevent crop damage, and decrease irrigation expenses and water waste, among other benefits. This study focuses on the subsurface spatial electromagnetic mapping of physical properties, mainly moisture content, using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR). In the laboratory, GPR measurements were carried out using an 800 MHz central-frequency antenna and conducted in soil boxes with loess soil type (calcic haploxeralf) from the northern Negev, hamra soil type (typic rhodoxeralf) from the Sharon coastal plain, and grumusol soil type (typic chromoxerets) from the Jezreel valley, Israel. These measurements enabled highly accurate, close-to-real-time evaluations of physical soil qualities (i.e., wave velocity and dielectric constant) connected to SMC. A mixture model based mainly on soil texture, porosity, and effective dielectric constant (permittivity) was developed to measure the subsurface spatial volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) for a wide range of moisture contents. The analysis of the travel times for GPR reflection and diffraction waves enabled calculating electromagnetic velocities, effective dielectric constants, and spatial SMC under laboratory conditions, where the required penetration depth is low (root zone). The average VSMC was determined with an average accuracy of ±1.5% and was correlated to a standard oven-drying method, making this spatial method useful for agricultural practice and for the design of irrigation plans for different interfaces.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA LAHAN BUDIDAYA UBI KAYU (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) DI DESA WOLOGAI TENGAH

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mariana Umin ◽  
Agustinus J.P. Anasaga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Characteristics of soil physical properties are the diversity of soil conditions based on structure, texture, soil color, and soil moisture content. Features of the physical properties of the soil influenced by several factors, including poor land management, which results in a decrease in fertility levels that includes physical, chemical, and biological soil characteristics.The method used in this study is the sample cluster method. Consists of a small group of units and then randomly selected as a representative of the population, all elements in the chosen cluster used as research samples. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of soil texture, soil structure, soil color, and soil moisture content in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Wologai Tengah Village.The results showed that the texture of the soil in cassava soil dominated by clay texture. The structure of the angular lumpy ground, soil color 10 YR 2/1 Black, and 10 YR 2/2 Very Dark Brown and had a soil moisture content of 37.4%. This soil type is an ideal soil type or classified as fertile to cultivate cassava plants.

scholarly journals Population and Diversity of Soil and Leaf Litter Mesofauna in Arable Soils at The Agriculture Experimental Field of University of Lampung

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mas Achmad Syamsul Arif ◽  
Ainin Niswati ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Novia Pratiwi Ardiyani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C

This research was conducted to study the population and diversity of soil and leaf litter mesofauna in arable soils under different types of vegetation and slope at the Agriculture Experimental Field (AEF) of University of Lampung. This study was designed to use the survey method. The soil and leaf litter samples were taken from different vegetation and slope classes. Observational variables included population and diversity index of soil mesofauna (H’), soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil pH, soil organic-C, soil total-N, and soil C/N ratio. The data of population distribution were presented in a boxplot diagram and the correlation between soil properties and mesofauna population or mesofauna diversity index were presented. The results showed that the most abundant soil mesofauna was observed in the plots with sugarcane vegetation, either sampled at the end of dry season (November 2015) or at the beginning of rainy season (April 2016). However, the highest number of leaf litter mesofauna was found in the plot with cassava vegetation. This result suggests that the cassava leaf litter most likely became the preferred substrate for mesofauna. In all treatments, the value of mesofauna diversity index (H‘) was categorized as low according to the Shannon-Weaver index. Two dominant orders frequently found in almost all vegetation types were Acarina and Collembola. The results of correlation analysis indicated that only soil pH sampled on November 2015 was positively correlated with the mesofauna population (range of pH 5.0 to 6.6). Soil moisture content sampled on November 2015 and soil C/N ratio sampled on April 2016 were positively correlated with the diversity index of soil mesofauna, respectively. Soil total-N sampled on November 2015 was negatively correlated with the soil mesofauna diversity index. The increase of leaf litter biomass appeared to promote the increase of the leaf litter mesofauna population, but not the diversity index.Keywords: diversity index, leaf litter,  soil mesofauna, vegetation

Experimental studies on some observed variations in Luffa aegyptiaca

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The causes of some observed variations in plant size and leaf morphology of populations of Luffa aegyptiaca were investigated experimentally. The effects of soil type, soil salinity, soil moisture content, and mineral nutrients on the germination and growth of this species were examined. The results indicate that variations in size and leaf morphology between the population groups earlier described probably were caused by variations in soil type and soil nutrients. Nitrate was responsible for variation in leaf colour, potassium for leaf invagination, and phosphorus and nitrate together for leaf texture. Nitrate also played a major role in the variation in leaf size while calcium played a subsidiary role. Within a single population, variations would possibly also be caused by differences in soil conditions, principally humus content, soil moisture content, and salinity. The wide adaptability exhibited by this species also helps to explain its distribution on a wide range of soils.

scholarly journals Respirasi Tanah Akibat Sistem Olah Tanah dan Aplikasi Mulsa In Situ pada Pertanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Universitas Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Yuves Menti ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Ainin Niswati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Soil respiration is an indicator of the activity of microorganisms in the soil. The treatment of soil tillage system and the use of organic mulch given to the soil will affect the activity of soil microorganisms. The research aims to study the effect of soil tillage systems, application of in situ mulch, and the interaction between both in soil respiration. This research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorially prepared with two treatment factors. The first factor is the soil tillage system (T), which consists of minimum tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The second factor is the treatment of mulch (M), which consists of no mulch (M0) and the application of in-situ mulch 5 t. ha-1 (M1). The data obtained were tested for various homogeneity by the Bartlett test and additivity by the Tukey test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with LSD test at a 5% level. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch had no significant effect on soil respiration, and there was no interaction between the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch in soil respiration on observations before tillage, 1 day after planting (HST), 41 HST, and 88 HST. There is no correlation between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration on pre-tillage observations, 1 HST, 41 HST, and 88 HST.

scholarly journals Effects Of Fish Amino Acid (Faa) Application on Growth and Development of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) at Different Sampling Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nor Syakina Johari ◽  
Asila Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Zalina Ismail ◽  
Fazhana Ismail ◽  
Zahidah Ab Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sampling Times

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fish amino acid (FAA) application on growth and development of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) with different sampling times. It was placed at Soil Science Laboratory, Blok Pakar at the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). The okra plant was treated with a different amount of FAA (5 mL and 10 mL). Total of experimental units were 24. The used experimental design was Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). The parameters such as root length, shoot length, plant biomass, soil pH and soil moisture content were analysed after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of transplanting. The data was analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and means comparison were using Tukey HSD test with significant level (P≤0.05). Results showed that FAA application and different sampling times were significantly affected the shoot length of okra. Besides, the volume of FAA and the number of weeks were significantly affected the soil pH and the soil moisture content, respectively. However, the addition of FAA application did not affect the root length and plant biomass of okra.

Analysis on Soil Moisture Content in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-chun LI ◽  
Xiu-zhi ZHANG ◽  
Li-hua WANG ◽  
Xin-yan LV ◽  
Yuan GAO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River
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