Evidence that available energy is a limiting factor in the bacterial corrosion of mild steel by a Pseudomonas sp.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Obuekwe ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake ◽  
J. A. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
High Substrate ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Bacterial Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Corrosion of mild steel coupons in cultures of Pseudomonas sp. no. 200 was inhibited (polarized) when the available energy was low, but was depolarized at high available substrate levels. Thus, the corrosion of the steel coupons which was partially inhibited in produced water was depolarized (made active) by the addition of 900 mg sodium lactate per litre. Also sustained corrosion of the steel coupons was only obtained at a high substrate level (1800 μg lactate∙L−1), and at lower levels (300 and 600 μg∙L−1) it was inhibited. Therefore, available energy is a limiting factor in bacterial corrosion of steel.

The effect of sucrose on the utilization of straw plus urea diets by sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Rumen Nitrogen

An experiment was carried out on sheep to investigate the effect of supplementary energy, in the form of sucrose, on the intake and utilization of a diet of oat straw supplemented with urea. The sucrose supplement had no significant effect on the dry matter intake, although there was a tendency for the intake of straw to decline with an increase in the sucrose supplement. There was no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter or crude fibre, but the digestibility of crude fibre tended to decrease when the sucrose supplements were fed. This may explain an increase in faecal nitrogen excretion, which was reflected in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the apparent digestibility of nitrogen on the diets supplemented with sucrose. There were no significant differences between the diets in rate of passage, rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen, nitrogen balance, body weight gain, rumen pH, or concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen. It was concluded that the lack of a supplement of readily available energy was not a limiting factor in the sheep's utilization of the diets used.

Mechanical Properties of Oxides Formed by Anaerobic Corrosion of Steel

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Smart ◽  
A.E. Bond ◽  
J.A.A. Crossley ◽  
P.C. Lovegrove ◽  
L. Werme
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Anaerobic Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

ABSTRACTIn Sweden, it is proposed that spent nuclear fuel should be encapsulated in sealed cylindrical canisters for disposal in a geologic repository. The canisters would consist of a thick ferrous inner container and a copper overpack. If mechanical failure of the copper overpack occurred, allowing water to enter, there would be a build up of ferrous corrosion product, which could induce stresses in the outer copper canister. This paper describes an apparatus, the ‘stress cell’, which was designed to measure the expansion caused by the anaerobic corrosion of steel under compressive loads. The apparatus consisted of a stack of steel and copper discs, which were immersed in simulated anoxic groundwater. A system of levers amplified the change in height of the stack, and the displacement was measured using sensitive transducers. Three cells were set up; two contained alternate mild steel and copper discs, and the third, a control cell, consisted of alternate stainless steel and copper discs. A slight contraction of the control cell was observed but no expansion was measured in the mild steel - copper cells.In parallel, coupons of mild steel and cast iron were corroded in anoxic, artificial groundwater at 50°C and 80°C for several months. The coupons were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the mechanical properties and the structure of the corrosion product films, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to identify the chemical composition of the film.

Mild Steel Passivation and Depassivation in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution Containing Bacteria Metabolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Volpi ◽  
Matteo Stefanoni ◽  
Andrea Olietti ◽  
Stefano Trasatti
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Concrete Pipes ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Microscopy Examination

Although much less investigated than that induced by chlorides, the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars due to bacteria metabolic products is recognised as a serious issue, primarily for concrete pipes in sewer network. In order to overcome the complications due to the preparation of concrete samples the investigation was performed using simulating solutions. The passivation of the metallic specimens was obtained by immersion in Ca (OH)2 sat and monitored through several different electrochemical techniques. The depassivation was induced by either sulphuric acid or sulphides in order to simulate different bacterial metabolites. Anodic polarization curves and optical microscopy examination revealed a significant corrosion in the former case, while a competitive interaction among the sulphide and the alkalinity was hypothesized in sulphide-containing solutions.

A model for the corrosion of steel subjected to synthetic produced water containing sulfate, chloride and hydrogen sulfide

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (23) ◽  
pp. 5775-5790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Smith ◽  
Sudipta Roy ◽  
David Swailes ◽  
Stephen Maxwell ◽  
David Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

scholarly journals INHIBISI KOROSI BAJA RINGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ALAMI DALAM MEDIUM ASAM KLORIDA: Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Stiadi ◽  
Syukri Arief ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
E. Emriadi
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Acidic Environments ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Metal Etching ◽  
Mixed Type Inhibitor

The corrosion of steel and its alloys is an important problem in industry, especially in acidic environments. Mild steel is one of the important alloys of iron which has many industrial applications because of its excellent mechanical properties, but mild steel is susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion problems need to be a concern and must be handled properly. Hydrochloric acid is widely used for pickling, cleansing, decomposition and metal etching, on the other hand also contributes to corrosion of metal surfaces. Plant extracts investigated the properties, mechanisms of adsorption and efficiency of inhibition as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for various steel materials in different acidic media. The efficiency of corrosion inhibition of steel from plant extracts analyzed ranged from 72-98% and generally as a mixed-type inhibitor. Most of the inhibitors are adsorbed on the steel surface through a physisorption mechanism.

Effective corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium using inexpensive kermes natural dye: experimental and quantum chemical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobl F. El Boraei ◽  
Shimaa Abdel Halim ◽  
Magdy A.M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Quantum Chemical Study ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the Natural Kermes dye (NKD) as a cheap and stable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl and its adsorption mechanism on the steel surface.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibition action of NKD was studied using AC impedance, potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible spectra techniques complemented with quantum study.FindingsHere, the authors show that addition of NKD inhibits effectively the corrosion of steel in HCl solution via its adsorption on the steel surface. The inhibition efficiency of NKD increases with increase in its concentration and decreases with temperature. Potentiodynamic results revealed that NKD acts as a mixed–type inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters for corrosion and adsorption process were obtained from the experimental data. Moreover, the experimental inhibition efficiencies were correlated with the electronic properties of NKD using density functional theory.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report showing the effect of NKD on the corrosion inhibition of steel.

scholarly journals Genome-Resolved Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Roles for Candidate Phyla and Other Microbial Community Members in Biogeochemical Transformations in Oil Reservoirs

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Hu ◽  
Lauren Tom ◽  
Andrea Singh ◽  
Brian C. Thomas ◽  
Brett J. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Community Complexity

ABSTRACTOil reservoirs are major sites of methane production and carbon turnover, processes with significant impacts on energy resources and global biogeochemical cycles. We applied a cultivation-independent genomic approach to define microbial community membership and predict roles for specific organisms in biogeochemical transformations in Alaska North Slope oil fields. Produced water samples were collected from six locations between 1,128 m (24 to 27°C) and 2,743 m (80 to 83°C) below the surface. Microbial community complexity decreased with increasing temperature, and the potential to degrade hydrocarbon compounds was most prevalent in the lower-temperature reservoirs. Sulfate availability, rather than sulfate reduction potential, seems to be the limiting factor for sulfide production in some of the reservoirs under investigation. Most microorganisms in the intermediate- and higher-temperature samples were related to previously studied methanogenic and nonmethanogenic archaea and thermophilic bacteria, but one candidate phylum bacterium, a member of theAcetothermia(OP1), was present in Kuparuk sample K3. The greatest numbers of candidate phyla were recovered from the mesothermic reservoir samples SB1 and SB2. We reconstructed a nearly complete genome for an organism from the candidate phylumParcubacteria(OD1) that was abundant in sample SB1. Consistent with prior findings for members of this lineage, the OD1 genome is small, and metabolic predictions support an obligately anaerobic, fermentation-based lifestyle. At moderate abundance in samples SB1 and SB2 were members of bacteria from other candidate phyla, includingMicrogenomates(OP11),Atribacteria(OP9), candidate phyla TA06 and WS6, andMarinimicrobia(SAR406). The results presented here elucidate potential roles of organisms in oil reservoir biological processes.IMPORTANCEThe activities of microorganisms in oil reservoirs impact petroleum resource quality and the global carbon cycle. We show that bacteria belonging to candidate phyla are present in some oil reservoirs and provide the first insights into their potential roles in biogeochemical processes based on several nearly complete genomes.

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