Purification and characterization of C28–55 fatty acids from Mycobacterium smegmatis

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraja Sathyamoorthy ◽  
Nilofer Qureshi ◽  
Kuni Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Argentation Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Electron Impact Mass ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Impact Mass

The nonmycolic C16 to C55 fatty acids obtained from Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 356 by saponification were enriched with respect to the C28 to C55 acids by successive chromatography on silicic acid and Sephadex LH-20 columns. These partially purified fatty acids were then derivatized to the p-bromophenacyl ester and further fractionated by argentation thin-layer chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography into their individual components.The esters were characterized by electron impact mass spectrometry. Two structural series of C28:1 to C42:1 and C45:2 to C55:2 fatty acids were identified as possible precursors of the monoenyl and dienyl mycolic acids, respectively. These acids were structurally related to the α-alkylhydroxyl group of the corresponding mycolic acid. The results suggest that these C28 to C55 fatty acids (meromycolic acids) of M. smegmatis might be precursors of mycolic acids.

scholarly journals Roles of Lsr2 in Colony Morphology and Biofilm Formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Chen ◽  
Greg J. German ◽  
David C. Alexander ◽  
Huiping Ren ◽  
Tracy Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Wall Components

ABSTRACT The lipid-rich cell wall is a defining feature of Mycobacterium species. Individual cell wall components affect diverse mycobacterial phenotypes including colony morphology, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. In this study, we describe a transposon insertion mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 that exhibits altered colony morphology and defects in biofilm formation. The mutation was localized to the lsr2 gene. First identified as an immunodominant T-cell antigen of Mycobacterium leprae, lsr2 orthologs have been identified in all sequenced mycobacterial genomes, and homologs are found in many actinomycetes. Although its precise function remains unknown, localization experiments indicate that Lsr2 is a cytosolic protein, and cross-linking experiments demonstrate that it exists as a dimer. Characterization of cell wall lipid components reveals that the M. smegmatis lsr2 mutant lacks two previously unidentified apolar lipids. Characterization by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography indicate that these two apolar lipids are novel mycolate-containing compounds, called mycolyl-diacylglycerols (MDAGs), in which a mycolic acid (α- or α′-mycolate) molecule is esterified to a glycerol. Upon complementation with an intact lsr2 gene, the mutant reverts to the parental phenotypes and MDAG production is restored. This study demonstrates that due to its impact on the biosynthesis of the hydrophobic MDAGs, Lsr2 plays an important role in the colony morphology and biofilm formation of M. smegmatis.

Mammalian exocrine secretions XIX. Chemical characterization of the interdigital secretion of the Black Wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Barend V. Burger ◽  
Desmond Slade ◽  
Marlize Z. Bekker ◽  
Aron H. Goitom
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Wildebeest ◽  
Connochaetes Gnou ◽  
Electron Impact Mass ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Impact Mass ◽  
Acid Esters

AbstractUsing gas chromatography (GC) in conjunction with electron impact mass spectrometry and retention-time comparison, 94 compounds, ranging from 2-methyl-2-propenal to octadecanoic acid, were identified in the interdigital secretions of male and female black wildebeests, Connochaetes gnou (also known as the white-tailed gnu). The constituents of these secretions belong to many different compound classes, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aromatics and aliphatic carbonyl compounds including carboxylic acids as well as carboxylic acid esters. Relatively small quantitative differences were found between the male and female interdigital secretions. It was concluded that these compounds probably do not play a significant role in territorial marking or in chemical communication between males and females of the species, but they could be involved in preserving the remarkably strong attachment between members of social subgroups in black wildebeest populations.

Standardization of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of Strychnous nux vomica with the help of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and correlation of its alkaloid markers with its Toxicological action

2021 ◽  
pp. 4203-4206
Author(s):  
Dharmendra B. Sharma ◽  
Parth Aphale ◽  
Vineet Sinnarkar ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Asha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Dark Blue

Background: Chromatography is one of the important laboratory technique in which the components of a mixture are separated on an adsorbent in order to analyze, identify, purify and quantify a mixture. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography is a sophisticated and automated form of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The procedure simultaneously processes the sample and standard that results in better analytical precision and accuracy at a faster pace. Pharmacological/ Toxicological action of Nux Vomica is because of its active principles present in the seeds namely strychnine, brucine etc. This research paper aims to corelate the active principles present in Nux Vomica with the toxicological action of the same. Materials and Methods: 1. Standard Nux Vomica mother tincture was tested for its alkaloid markers and its correlation with the toxicological action was studied. 2. Analysis of the mother tincture was done using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. Stationary phase consisted of TLC Aluminium sheets with silica gel 60 F253 pre-coated layer (20cm x 10cm), thickness-0.2mm, no. of tracks-18, band length-6mm. 4. Mobile Phase consisted of Chloroform: Methanol (9.5:0.5). 5. The plate was developed in developing chamber and observed under U.V. Light. Results: Colours seen on the HPTLC Plates of samples are greenwhich corresponds to strychnine, dark blue which corresponds to brucine, orange to alkaloids fluorescent green to sterols and pink to fatty acids which are evident on the chromatogram. Conclusion: Therapeutic action of Nux Vomica as noted in Homoeopathic Materia Medica is because of the active principles like strychnine, brucine, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids present in it which is evident from the chromatogram.

scholarly journals Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Hazelnuts and Walnuts Shells: Quantitative–Qualitative Analysis and Chromatographic Purification

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Herrera ◽  
Jarl Hemming ◽  
Annika Smeds ◽  
Oihana Gordobil ◽  
Stefan Willför ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Hazelnut (HS) and walnut (WS) shells, an abundant by-product of the processing industries of these edible nuts, are traditionally considered as a low-value waste. However, they are a source of valuable compounds with an interesting chemical profile for the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts present in HS and WS were quantified and identified, then the polar fractions were chromatographically separated, and their antioxidant capacity was studied. The experimental work includes the isolation of crude lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts by an accelerated extraction process, chromatographic analysis (gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID), GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC)), and quantification of the components. In addition, a thorough compositional characterization of the subgroups obtained by flash chromatography and their antioxidant capacity was carried out. The gravimetric concentrations showed different lipophilic/hydrophilic ratios (0.70 for HS and 0.23 for WS), indicating a higher proportion of polar compounds in WS than in HS. Moreover, the lipophilic extracts were principally composed of short-chain fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, and oleic acid), triglycerides, and sterols. The polar fractions were screened by thin-layer chromatography and then separated by flash chromatography, obtaining fractions free of fatty acids and sugar derivatives (97:3 in HS and 95:5 in WS), and mixtures richer in phenolic compounds and flavonoids such as guaiacyl derivatives, quercetin, pinobanksin, and catechin. The most polar fractions presented a higher antioxidant capacity than that of the crude extracts.

Characterization of a scanning densitometer for high-performance thin-layer chromatography

1983 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal T. Butler ◽  
Sheila A. Schuette ◽  
Frank Pacholec ◽  
Colin F. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Layer Chromatography
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