Role of amino acids, peptides, and medium composition in trap formation by nematode-trapping fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Cornmeal Agar ◽  
Arthrobotrys Conoides

The influence of 22 amino acids and 12 peptides on trap formation by four species of nematode-trapping fungi was determined on a low-nutrient medium (LNM) and cornmeal agar (CMA). Only Arthrobotrys conoides could be induced to form traps in the presence of the amino acids or peptides, while A. flagrans, Monacrosporium eudermatum, and M. rutgeriensis were not induced by the amino acids and peptides studied. Trap formation was greater in the presence of the more nutrient rich CMA than on the LNM. On the LNM, asparagine and aspartic acid were the most active amino acids in inducing traps, while aspartic acid, valine, and phenylalanine were most active on CMA. With respect to the peptides, those containing valine, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid induced the most traps, with valine-containing peptides being especially active on both the LNM and CMA.

scholarly journals Enhancement of aromatase activity by D-aspartic acid in the ovary of the lizard Podarcis s. sicula

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Assisi ◽  
V Botte ◽  
A D'Aniello ◽  
MM Di Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Aromatase Activity

The present study investigated the role of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) in ovarian steroidogenesis and its effect on aromatase activity in the lizard, Podarcis s. sicula. It was determined that D-Asp concentrations vary significantly during phases of the reproductive cycle: they vary inversely with testosterone concentrations and directly with oestradiol concentrations in the ovary and plasma. Experimental treatment showed that administration of D-Asp induces a decrease in testosterone and an increase in oestradiol, and that treatment with other amino acids (L-Asp, D-Glu and D-Ala) instead of D-Asp has no effects. Experiments in vitro confirmed these results. Furthermore, these experiments showed an increase in aromatase activity, as the addition of D-Asp either to fresh ovarian tissue homogenate or to acetonic powder of ovarian follicles induced a significant increase in the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. Aromatase activity is four times greater in the presence of D-Asp than in its absence. However, almost equivalent values of the two K(m) values (both approximately 25 nmol l(-1)) indicate that aromatase has the same catalytic properties in both cases.

THE ROLE OF KETO ACIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Towers ◽  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Of the keto acids identified in leaves of sugar beet and other plants exposed to C14O2, pyruvic acid was found to be the only one labelled in light periods up to 45 sec. α-Ketoglutaric and glyoxylic acids became radioactive after about 45 sec. Radioactive hydroxypyruvate was not identified under these conditions and labelled oxaloacetate was detected only in trace amounts after 60 sec. in Scenedesmus. In contrast glycine and serine were labelled after 10 sec. under comparable conditions and aspartic acid was appreciably labelled after 30 sec. The effect on the radioactivity of the keto acids of an additional period intracer-free air, with and without light, as well as the dark incorporation of C14O2 was studied. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the ketoacids in photosynthesis. It is concluded that the synthesis of amino acids such as glycine, serine, and aspartic acid may be effected by mechanisms other than transamination in green leaves in the light.

Exploring the role of ions and amino acids in directing the growth of minerals from solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Piana ◽  
F. Jones ◽  
Z. Taylor ◽  
P. Raiteri ◽  
J. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Morphology Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Activation Free Energy

AbstractThe influence of both sulphate ions and aspartic acid on directing the growth of baryte has been explored using computer simulation. Both species are found to significantly reduce the activation free-energy to growth under appropriate conditions, with the influence of sulphate being surface specific. This offers the potential for a new approach to morphology control without inhibition that may have implications for biomineralization.

THE ROLE OF KETO ACIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Towers ◽  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Of the keto acids identified in leaves of sugar beet and other plants exposed to C14O2, pyruvic acid was found to be the only one labelled in light periods up to 45 sec. α-Ketoglutaric and glyoxylic acids became radioactive after about 45 sec. Radioactive hydroxypyruvate was not identified under these conditions and labelled oxaloacetate was detected only in trace amounts after 60 sec. in Scenedesmus. In contrast glycine and serine were labelled after 10 sec. under comparable conditions and aspartic acid was appreciably labelled after 30 sec. The effect on the radioactivity of the keto acids of an additional period intracer-free air, with and without light, as well as the dark incorporation of C14O2 was studied. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the ketoacids in photosynthesis. It is concluded that the synthesis of amino acids such as glycine, serine, and aspartic acid may be effected by mechanisms other than transamination in green leaves in the light.

scholarly journals Physiological, Nutritional and Metabolomic Responses of Tomato Plants After the Foliar Application of Amino Acids Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid and Alanine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Alfosea-Simón ◽  
Silvia Simón-Grao ◽  
Ernesto Alejandro Zavala-Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata ◽  
Inmaculada Simón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Agriculture is facing a great number of different pressures due to the increase in population and the greater amount of food it demands, the environmental impact due to the excessive use of conventional fertilizers, and climate change, which subjects the crops to extreme environmental conditions. One of the solutions to these problems could be the use of biostimulant products that are rich in amino acids (AAs), which substitute and/or complement conventional fertilizers and help plants adapt to climate change. To formulate these products, it is first necessary to understand the role of the application of AAs (individually or as a mixture) in the physiological and metabolic processes of crops. For this, research was conducted to assess the effects of the application of different amino acids (Aspartic acid (Asp), Glutamic acid (Glu), L-Alanine (Ala) and their mixtures Asp + Glu and Asp + Glu + Ala on tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To understand the effect of these treatments, morphological, physiological, ionomic and metabolomic studies were performed. The results showed that the application of Asp + Glu increased the growth of the plants, while those plants that received Ala had a decreased dry biomass of the shoots. The greatest increase in the growth of the plants with Asp + Glu was related with the increase in the net CO2 assimilation, the increase of proline, isoleucine and glucose with respect to the rest of the treatments. These data allow us to conclude that there is a synergistic effect between Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid, and the amino acid Alanine produces phytotoxicity when applied at 15 mM. The application of this amino acid altered the synthesis of proline and the pentose-phosphate route, and increased GABA and trigonelline.

The effect of carbon source on trap formation by Arthrobotrys conoides

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1260-1261
Author(s):  
A. W. James ◽  
R. J. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Arthrobotrys Conoides

The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys conoides grows as typical vegetative hyphae on laboratory media containing glucose or starch as sole carbon source. However, in the presence of nematodes, "nemin", and several of the aliphatic amino acids (such as valine), this predacious fungus forms traps which are composed of sticky loops. The present studies show that, when A. conoides is grown on a semisynthetic medium in which various carbohydrates are substituted for glucose as the carbon source available for growth, the nature of the carbohydrate exerts a major effect on the induction of trap formation.

THE BIOGENESIS OF ALKALOIDS: XVII. FURTHER STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ORNITHINE IN THE BIOGENESIS OF STACHYDRINE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1704-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Morgan ◽  
Léo Marion
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Earlier attempts to feed ornithine-2-C14 to Medicago sativa L. Grimm had failed to produce any labelled stachydrine. Repetition of the work has confirmed this result, and a study of the amino acids present in the plant has shown that the proline also was inactive. Feeding pyridoxine with ornithine-2-C14 to the plant did not produce active stachydrine, but gave rise to radioactive proline. Of the other amino acids present, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were also active. A similar feeding experiment with radioactive ornithine and pyridoxine, using older plants, also failed to produce active stachydrine although, as before, the proline was active and so was the keto acids fraction.The results seem to indicate that ornithine may be the precursor of stachydrine, but that the transformation to proline and the methylation to the alkaloid occur at a later stage of growth, possibly at seed formation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Classes of Amino Acids on Calcium Phosphates Seeded Growth

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Tea Mihelj Josipović ◽  
Monika Kovačević ◽  
Sarah Mateša ◽  
Marina Kostešić ◽  
Nives Matijaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Material Synthesis

Amino acids (AAs) attract attention for elucidating the role of proteins in biomineralization and the preparation of functionalized biomaterials. The influence that AAs exert on calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization is still not completely understood, as contradictory results have been reported. In this paper, the influence of the addition of different classes of AAs, charged (L-aspartic acid, Asp; L-lysine, Lys), polar (L-asparagine, Asn; L-serine, Ser; L-tyrosine, Tyr), and non-polar (L-phenylalanine, Phe), on CaP growth in the presence of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate (DCPD) seeds was investigated. In control systems (without AAs), a calcium-deficient apatite (CaDHA) layer was formed on the surface of OCP, while a mixture of CaDHA and OCP in the form of spherical aggregates was formed on the surface of DCPD crystals. Charged and non-polar promoted, while polar AAs inhibited CaDHA formation on the OCP seeds. In the case of DCPD, Lys, Asp, and Phe promoted CaP formation, while the influence of other AAs was negligible. The most efficient promotor of precipitation in both cases was non-polar Phe. No significant influence of AAs on the composition and morphology of precipitates was observed. The obtained results are of interest for understanding biomineralization processes and additive controlled material synthesis.

Heat-initiated prebiotic formation of peptides from glycine/aspartic acid and glycine/valine in aqueous environment and clay suspension

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Kala Pant ◽  
Hem Lata ◽  
Hari Datt Pathak ◽  
Mohan Singh Mehata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Peptide Formation

AbstractThe effect of heat on the reaction system of glycine/aspartic acid and glycine/valine in the aqueous environment as well as in montmorillonite clay suspension with or without divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+) has been investigated at 85°C±5°C for varying periods under prebiotic drying and wetting conditions. The resulting products were analysed and characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Peptide formation appears to depend on the duration of heat effect, nature of reactant amino acids and, to some extent, on montmorillonite clay incorporated with divalent cations. In the glycine/aspartic acid system, oligomerization of glycine was limited up to trimer level (Gly)3 along with the formation of glycyl-aspartic acid, while linear and cyclic peptides of aspartic acid were not formed, whereas the glycine/valine system preferentially elongated homo-oligopeptide of glycine up to pentamer level (Gly)5 along with formation of hetero-peptides (Gly-Val and Val-Gly). These studies are relevant in the context of the prebiotic origin of proteins and the role of clay and metal ions in condensation and oligomerization of amino acids. The length of the bio-oligomer chain depends upon the reaction conditions. However, condensation into even a small length seems significant, as the same process would have taken millions of years in the primitive era of the Earth, leading to the first proteins.

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