Swarming of Azospirillum brasilense on solid media

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1592-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Hall ◽  
Noel R. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Polar Flagellum ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Swimming Motility ◽  
Solid Media

Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 29145, which possesses a single polar flagellum and also lateral flagella, exhibited swarming on the surface of nutrient broth containing 0.75% agar or 0.5% carrageenan. Various agents such as p-nitrophenylglycerol or sodium deoxycholate inhibited the swarming. Based on mutants lacking either polar or lateral flagella, the lateral flagella were responsible for the swarming on solid media, whereas the polar flagellum was responsible for swimming motility in liquid media.

scholarly journals On the role of flagella in the adaptation of the PGPR Azospirillum brasilense to life on surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Katsy ◽  
A. V. Shelud’ko ◽  
L. P. Petrova ◽  
Y. A. Filip’echeva ◽  
S. S. Yevstigneyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Polar Flagellum ◽  
Liquid Media

The polar flagellum significantly affects the morphological and behavioral responses of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 to changes in the density of the medium and the maintenance of its biofilms at the interface between solid and liquid media.

An improved selection technique and medium for the isolation and enumeration of Azospirillum brasilense

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Selection Technique

An improved selection technique for isolation and enumeration of Azospirillum brasilense was developed. The technique is based on successive liquid enrichments in nitrogen-free semisolid medium supplemented with streptomycin, followed by the most probable number counting method and verification on a selective medium. The latter is based on Okon's nitrogen-free medium supplemented with cycloheximide (250 mg/L), streptomycin sulphate (200 mg/L), sodium deoxycholate (200 mg/L), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (15 mg/L), and Congo red (1000 mg/L). This medium was found to be superior to other available diagnostic media. The technique was readily applied to detect and count A. brasilense Cd in inoculated wheat roots.

scholarly journals In Azospirillum brasilense , mutations in flmA or flmB genes affect polar flagellum assembly, surface polysaccharides, and attachment to maize roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ariel Rossi ◽  
Daniela Beatriz Medeot ◽  
Juan Pablo Liaudat ◽  
Mariano Pistorio ◽  
Edgardo Jofré
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Polar Flagellum ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides

Recovery of Humic-Reducing Bacteria from a Diversity of Environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1504-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Coates ◽  
Debra J. Ellis ◽  
Elizabeth L. Blunt-Harris ◽  
Catherine V. Gaw ◽  
Eric E. Roden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substance ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT To evaluate which microorganisms might be responsible for microbial reduction of humic substances in sedimentary environments, humic-reducing bacteria were isolated from a variety of sediment types. These included lake sediments, pristine and contaminated wetland sediments, and marine sediments. In each of the sediment types, all of the humic reducers recovered with acetate as the electron donor and the humic substance analog, 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS), as the electron acceptor were members of the familyGeobacteraceae. This was true whether the AQDS-reducing bacteria were enriched prior to isolation on solid media or were recovered from the highest positive dilutions of sediments in liquid media. All of the isolates tested not only conserved energy to support growth from acetate oxidation coupled to AQDS reduction but also could oxidize acetate with highly purified soil humic acids as the sole electron acceptor. All of the isolates tested were also able to grow with Fe(III) serving as the sole electron acceptor. This is consistent with previous studies that have suggested that the capacity for Fe(III) reduction is a common feature of all members of theGeobacteraceae. These studies demonstrate that the potential for microbial humic substance reduction can be found in a wide variety of sediment types and suggest thatGeobacteraceae species might be important humic-reducing organisms in sediments.

Culture of Helicobacter pylori from domestic water samples – the impact of strain variation on growth on solid and in liquid media

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Owen ◽  
S.A. Chisholm ◽  
G. Brick ◽  
J.V. Lee ◽  
S. Surman-Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Impact

Helicobacter pylori is an important global human pathogen and there is growing evidence from PCR assays that contaminated drinking water might be a possible source of infection in some circumstances. There are no validated protocols for direct isolation but various culture media have been developed for possible environmental sampling. Our aim here was to investigate how inter-strain variation might affect the interpretation of results with such media. Two laboratory adapted reference strains and four recent clinical isolates were tested on four solid media and in ten liquid media. Considerable variation was found between strains in their ability to recover on the different media after stress exposure (suspension in sterile tap water). Generally, clinical isolates were less robust than the laboratory-adapted strains and, overall, the former required longer recovery times. Our findings highlighted the importance of using a range of isolates for evaluations, as examination of laboratory-adapted strains alone did not provide an accurate representation of the utility of media that may be used to recover H. pylori from water.

scholarly journals Trans-Kingdom Conjugation Within Solid Media from Escherichia coli to Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximillian P.M. Soltysiak ◽  
Rebecca S. Meaney ◽  
Samir Hamadache ◽  
Preetam Janakirama ◽  
David R. Edgell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Donor Cell ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Dna Transfer ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Plasmid Size ◽  
Synthesis Protocol

Conjugation is a bacterial mechanism for DNA transfer from a donor cell to a wide range of recipients, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In contrast to conventional DNA delivery techniques, such as electroporation and chemical transformation, conjugation eliminates the need for DNA extraction, thereby preventing DNA damage during isolation. While most established conjugation protocols allow for DNA transfer in liquid media or on a solid surface, we developed a procedure for conjugation within solid media. Such a protocol may expand conjugation as a tool for DNA transfer to species that require semi-solid or solid media for growth. Conjugation within solid media could also provide a more stable microenvironment in which the conjugative pilus can establish and maintain contact with recipient cells for the successful delivery of plasmid DNA. Furthermore, transfer in solid media may enhance the ability to transfer plasmids and chromosomes greater than 100 kbp. Using our optimized method, plasmids of varying sizes were tested for transfer from E. coli to S. cerevisiae. We demonstrated that there was no substantial decrease in conjugation frequency as plasmid size increased—up to 138.5 kbp in length. Finally, we established an efficient PCR-based synthesis protocol to generate custom conjugative plasmids

scholarly journals Profiling the Production of Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites by Xenorhabdus khoisanae J194 Under Different Culturing Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzaan Booysen ◽  
Marina Rautenbach ◽  
Marietjie A. Stander ◽  
Leon M. T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Cells Cultured

Species from the genus Xenorhabdus, endosymbiotic bacteria of Steinernema nematodes, produce several antibacterial and antifungal compounds, some of which are anti-parasitic. In this study, we report on the effect growth conditions have on the production of antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus khoisanae J194. The strain was cultured in aerated and non-aerated broth, respectively, and on solid media. Production of antimicrobial compounds was detected after 24 h of growth in liquid media, with highest levels recorded after 96 h. Highest antimicrobial activity was obtained from cells cultured on solid media. By using ultraperformance liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry and HPLC, a plethora of known Xenorhabdus compounds were identified. These compounds are the PAX lipopeptides (PAX 1′, PAX 3′, PAX 5, and PAX 7E), xenocoumacins and xenoamicins. Differences observed in the MS-MS fractionation patterns collected in this study, when compared to previous studies indicated that this strain produces novel xenoamicins. Three novel antimicrobial compounds, khoicin, xenopep and rhabdin, were identified and structurally characterized based on MS-MS fractionation patterns, amino acid analysis and whole genome analysis. The various compounds produced under the three different conditions indicates that the secondary metabolism of X. khoisanae J194 may be regulated by oxygen, water activity or both. Based on these findings X. khoisanae J194 produce a variety of antimicrobial compounds that may have application in disease control.

scholarly journals Study of Trichoderma Spp. Application on the Incidence of Moler Disease and Shallot's Growth and Yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Yana Mulyana ◽  
Mariana Mariana ◽  
Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Fusarium wilt disease/moler is a concern in onion cultivation. Many farmers apply chemical pesticides such as azoxystrobin and difenoconazole to control the diseases. Both of these chemical pesticides are currently exhibiting a decline in effectiveness, prompting farmers to increase the dosage and frequency of application. Recommendations for biological control, including Trichoderma spp.. This study aimed to determine the influence of application time of of Trichoderma spp. in various media types on the incidence of moler disease and shallot growth and yield. This study was conducted in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, from February to June 2019 using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial comprising two nested designs. The first factor was the type of media in which Trichoderma spp.. was applied, namely solid and liquid. The second factor was the application time of Trichoderma spp.. Level 1 was the application of Fusarium sp. seven days before planting and Trichoderma spp.. seven days after planting. Level 2 included the application of Trichoderma spp.. seven days before planting and Fusarium sp. simultaneously during planting. Level 3 involved the administration of Trichoderma spp.. concurrently with planting and Fusarium sp. seven days later. This investigation used one positive control (without treatment) and one negative control (shallots inoculated with Fusarium). Each experimental unit was consisted of ten plants and replicated three times. The parameters observed were the incubation period of Fusarium sp., disease incidence, number of leaves, plant height, number of cloves, and average clove weight. The study found that the application time of Trichoderma on various types of media affected the incidence of Fusarium disease, the number of leaves, and the number of shallot cloves.When compared to liquid media, the application of solid media resulted in a reduced incidence of Fusarium disease and a greater frequency of flares. The application time on solid media gave a low response to moles. As for liquid media, the lowest incidence of moler disease occurred at the seven days before planting.

Limiting Conditions of Temperature and pH for Growth of “Thermophilic” Campylobacters on Solid Media

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 767-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
LYNDA M. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Type Strains

Strains of Campylobacter previously used for studies with meat, included strains distinguishable as Campylobacter jejuni and nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC). The pH and temperature minima for growth on agar plates were determined for 12 strains: six strains used in the meat studies (four C. jejuni, two NARTC), three type strains (C. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, NARTC) and three strains of C. jejuni whose pH and temperature ranges in liquid culture had been determined by other workers. Heavy, visible inocula of most strains grew at temperatures 2°C lower and pH values 0.2 or 0.3 unit lower than the minima observed with light inocula. For all strains of C. jejuni, values for temperature and pH minima from heavy inocula, 32°C and pH 5.1, were comparable with those reported for growth of three strains in liquid media. The pH minima for NARTC strains (pH 5.8) were higher than those for C. jejuni, but temperature minima were similar.

scholarly journals Surface-Associated Flagellum Formation and Swarming Differentiation in Bacillus subtilis Are Controlled by the ifm Locus

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Senesi ◽  
Emilia Ghelardi ◽  
Francesco Celandroni ◽  
Sara Salvetti ◽  
Eva Parisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Flagellin Gene ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Substrates

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the highly regulated processes governing the production of flagella in Bacillus subtilis is the result of several observations obtained from growing this microorganism in liquid cultures. No information is available regarding the regulation of flagellar formation in B. subtilis in response to contact with a solid surface. One of the best-characterized responses of flagellated eubacteria to surfaces is swarming motility, a coordinate cell differentiation process that allows collective movement of bacteria over solid substrates. This study describes the swarming ability of a B. subtilis hypermotile mutant harboring a mutation in the ifm locus that has long been known to affect the degree of flagellation and motility in liquid media. On solid media, the mutant produces elongated and hyperflagellated cells displaying a 10-fold increase in extracellular flagellin. In contrast to the mutant, the parental strain, as well as other laboratory strains carrying a wild-type ifm locus, fails to activate a swarm response. Furthermore, it stops to produce flagella when transferred from liquid to solid medium. Evidence is provided that the absence of flagella is due to the lack of flagellin gene expression. However, restoration of flagellin synthesis in cells overexpressing σD or carrying a deletion of flgM does not recover the ability to assemble flagella. Thus, the ifm gene plays a determinantal role in the ability of B. subtilis to contact with solid surfaces.

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