Response of maize plants to inoculation with azospirilla and (or) straw amendment in Egypt

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Hegazi ◽  
Mohamed Monib ◽  
Hussein A. Amer ◽  
El-Sayed Shokr
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Straw Amendment

A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum and (or) straw amendment on growth of plants grown in Giza soils. Inoculation caused increases in plant dry weight (200%) and total N content (157%) of plants. These characters were correlated with increases in ATP production in rhizosphere (492%), nitrogenase activity (438%), and densities of Azospirillum sp. (116-fold). Addition of straw only (5%, w/w) to the soil stimulated rhizosphere microorganisms (ATP, 410%), N2 fixation (nitrogenase activity, 392%), and also plant growth (plant dry weight, 176%; total N content, 149%). Simultaneous Azospirillum inoculation and straw amendment exerted the most favourable conditions for N2 fixation on roots (nitrogenase activity, 554% increase over control) leading to the greatest biological (numbers of azospirilla, 156-fold; ATP, 543%; nitrogenase activity 554%), as well as agronomic (total dry weight, 343%; total N content, 196%; leaf surface, 478%) effects. Under farming conditions of Egypt, field-grown plants benefitted from inoculation with Azospirillum sp. Increases up to 150–170%, 180–270%, and 120–130% were reported for straw yield, grain yield, and total N, respectively. Three cultivars responded differently to inoculation, and application of 200 kg N Ha−1 significantly reduced nitrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria inoculation in maize associated with nitrogen and zinc fertilization at sowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Andréia de L. Moreno ◽  
Jorge F. Kusdra ◽  
Angelita A. C. Picazevicz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria have a wide range of plant growth-promoting mechanisms of action, making them an alternative and/or complementary biological input for chemical fertilizers. In this respect, the present study aimed to assess growth and nitrogen accumulation in maize plants as a function of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, zinc and nitrogen application at sowing. The experiment with the ‘AL Bandeirante’ maize variety was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six repetitions, considering the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense (5 g kg-1), Bacillus subtilis (5 mL kg-1) and zinc (20 g kg-1) in the seeds and addition or not of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) to the soil. The variables assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf, stem, shoot, root and total dry weight, and shoot nitrogen content. Nitrogen fertilization in the absence of zinc increased shoot and total dry weight as well as shoot nitrogen content. Zinc applied to the seeds improved the total and stem dry weight of maize plants in the absence of Bacillus subtilis. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis increased the stem diameter and shoot nitrogen content of maize plants when nitrogen fertilization was not performed at sowing. There was no isolated or interaction effect between factors for plant height and root dry weight.

Effect of weed management on weeds, and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Effects of one pre-emergence herbicide (terbutryn/terbuthylazine) and one post-emergence herbicide (bentazone) along with unweeded and hand-weeded controls on weeds and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) were studied. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine was applied pre-emergence @ 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 kg/hawhereas bentazone was sprayed 6 weeks after sowing @ 1.44, 2.88 and 5.76 kg/h. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine controlled all the weeds very effectively, whereas bentazone did not control some weeds such as Polygonum aviculare, Poa annua and Elymus repens. The herbicides decreased the number of nodules, the dry weight of nodules, the nitrogenase activity, the shoot dry weight, the nitrogen content in the straw and seeds, and the seed yield of peas, the effects generally being higher at higher rates of application. The adverse effects of herbicides on these parameters might be due to their effects on plant growth, as both the herbicides are known to adversely affect photosynthesis. Nitrogenase activity did not correlate well with plant-N content or shoot dry weight. However, there was a strong relationship between plant biomass and plant-N content, which suggests that researchers can rely on these parameters for studying the effects of treatments on nitrogen fixation, rather than measuring nitrogenase activity.

Effect of irrigation method on the recovery of 15N fertilizer in a slowly permeable clay soil cropped with maize

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Mosier ◽  
WS Meyer ◽  
FM Melhuish
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Irrigated Soils

A study using 15N~labelled fertilizer was initiated in a lysimeter facility to quantify the amount of N assimilated by maize plants and that which remained in the soil at the end of a cropping season. Maize was planted in 0.43 m2 by 1.35 m deep intact Marah clay loam soil cores removed from an improved pasture in mid-October 1983. Two irrigation treatments, flood-impounding water on the soil for up to 72 h, and control-applying enough water to prevent plant stress without ponding, were employed. The crop was harvested in early April 1984 and the amount of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in the plant and remaining in the soil was determined. Grain yields were reduced about 33% by flood irrigation. Although about 30 kg N ha-1 more fertilizer N was lost from the flood-irrigated system, the difference in N recovery between the flood- and control-irrigated soils was not sufficient to account for the reduced grain yield. Flood-irrigated plants were less efficient in transporting fertilizer N to the seed than were control irrigation plants. The data suggest that the reduced seed yield and total N content of maize plants grown under flood irrigation was metabolically controlled rather than being derived from a difference in soil mineral N content compared with control-irrigated soils.

Potential role of rhizobacteria isolated from Northwestern China for enhancing wheat and oat yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YAO ◽  
S. YASMIN ◽  
F. Y. HAFEEZ
Keyword(s):  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Chinese Wheat

SUMMARYThe present investigation was designed to assess the range of growth-promoting activities of various rhizosphere bacteria on wheat and oat growing in Lanzhou, China. Detection of the N-fixing bacteria by the acetylene reduction assay-based most probable number (ARA-based MPN) method indicated the presence of significant numbers of N-fixing rhizobacteria, i.e. 5·8×106bacteria/g dry weight of root in association with Chinese wheat varietyV4. A total of 24 rhizobacteria was isolated from wheat and oat grown in Lanzhou, China. These bacterial isolates were studied for growth characteristics, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. All the isolates were motile and gram negative. Acetylene reduction activity was detected in all isolates ranging from 124·6 to 651·6 nmol C2H2reduced/h/vial while almost all isolates produced IAA ranging from 0·2 to 5·1 μg/ml. Only two isolates, ChW1 and ChW6, formed clear zones on Pikovskaia's medium, showing the ability to solubilize phosphates. ChW1 and ChW6 were used to develop fluorescent antibodies to check the cross reactivity of the isolates. Inoculation of these bacterial isolates resulted in higher plant biomass, root area and total N content on Chinese wheat varietyNingchun 2and Pakistani oat varietySwanunder controlled conditions. Among the wheat isolates, ChW5 was the best in promoting wheat growth by increasing its root length, root area, shoot dry weight and total N content. Among oat isolates, ChO3, ChO5 and ChO6 showed significant effects on different growth parameters of their host plants. Using the15N isotope dilution method, the highest N fixation contribution (0·73 of total plant N) was observed in the wheat plants inoculated with isolate ChW5. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of seven selected isolates showed that the variation within the isolates from different host crops grown in the same soil was quite large and helpful not only in defining the bacterial strains associated with different host crops but also in defining the distances of isolates from standard strains of rhizobacteria used. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the selected bacterial isolates did promote the growth of wheat and oat in ways that could be harnessed to practical benefit for the farmer and consistent with sustainable agricultural practices in China.

scholarly journals Different Nitrate and Ammonium Ratios Affect Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Longsheng Chen ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Yongzhong Chen ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
First Time

Camellia oleifera Abel., is an important woody plant, and its fruit contains high-quality edible oil. Production of C. oleifera has significantly expanded over the last 20 years in China. Due to the lack of appropriate information on nutrient management, its production has encountered low yield and low oil quality problems. As nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient and the most abundant in C. oleifera tissues, the present study investigated effects of different ratios of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) on the growth of a cultivar Xianglin 27 at the seedling stage. Uniform seedlings were grown in a soil-based substrate in containers and fertigated with solutions composed of six ratios of NO3− and NH4+, respectively for five months. Results showed that C. oleifera prefers both NO3− and NH4+ at a ratio of 1:1. Seedlings receiving this solution had the highest total N in leaves and total dry weight; elevated chrolophyll, soluble saccharide and protein contents as well as higher activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Our study shows for the first time that N supply for producing C. oleifera should be an equal ratio of NO3− and NH4+.

Bacillus cereus UW85 inoculation effects on growth, nodulation, and N accumulation in grain legumes: Field studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Bullied ◽  
Terry J. Buss ◽  
J. Kevin Vessey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bacillus cereus strain UW85 was assessed for growth-promotion effects on soybean and common bean in the presence and absence of rhizobial inoculation at two field sites in Manitoba in 1994. Growth promotions due to B. cereus UW85 occurred for soybean only, and only at one site. Promotions in plant emergence in soybean were apparent at 60 d after planting (DAP), but stimulations in shoot dry weight (DW), N concentration, and N content were not apparent until 90 DAP. At maturity (120 DAP), inoculation with UW85 resulted in stimulation of seed yield by 9% and seed N content by 14%. However, stimulation in growth and N parameters by UW85 treatment was proportionally greater in the absence of B. japonicum inoculation than in the presence of the rhizobial inoculant. These observations, in combination with the observations that nitrogenase activity was not stimulated by UW85 treatment, clearly indicate that the UW85-mediated stimulation of growth and N accumulation of soybean is via a generalized stimulation of plant growth, and not via a stimulation in the soybean-B. japonicum symbiosis per se. Overall, our study indicates that inoculation with UW85 has the potential of increasing soybean production in western Canada, but these effects are site specific and are not seen in common bean. Key words: Bacillus cereus UW85, common bean, Glycine max, growth-promotion, Phaseolus vulgaris, soybean

Existence of Ecotypes Among Populations of Entireleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriuscula)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy E. Klingaman ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Field experiments were conducted using entireleaf morningglory seed collected from areas of adaptation throughout the United States to determine whether biotypes or ecotypes exist and whether differences in susceptibility to acifluorfen exist. Initiation of first flower for the entireleaf morningglory populations ranged from 63 to 81 d after emergence. The interval between emergence and initiation of first flower decreased 2.8 d for each increase in degree of latitude from which the seed was collected. Plants originating from southern latitudes remained in the vegetative phase longer and tended to produce more total dry-weight biomass than plants originating from northern latitudes. Thus, ecotypes do exist for entireleaf morningglory because of adaptation to a specific environment. The adaptation allows ecotypes to utilize the length of the growing season associated with the area of origin. Trichome density on the adaxial leaf surface ranged from 147 to 206 cm−2across the ecotypes and was not correlated with latitude or differences in acifluorfen susceptibility. Ecotypes differed in susceptibility to acifluorfen, but resistance among ecotypes was not evident.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORANGE G DYE-BINDING CAPACITY AND TOTAL N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-973
Author(s):  
A. D. SMITH ◽  
L. E. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Orange G ◽  
Four Levels

Six grass species were grown at four levels of N fertilizer and harvested at three stages of maturity. Two methods were used to estimate the protein content of the grasses: the Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N content. Values from the two methods were correlated to show the relationships between the two methods when species, levels of N fertilizer, and stages of maturity varied. The correlations between Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N were linear, positive, and highly significant. The variation about the regression lines was greatest when total N content was greater than 2.5% of plant dry weight; this condition was especially marked at early heading stage and high rates of N fertilizer. The precise relationships also varied among species. The Orange G dye-binding method for determining protein content is satisfactory for grasses where the total N content of the grass does not exceed 2.5%, but is not satisfactory for grasses with higher total N contents.

scholarly journals Uptake, Partitioning, and Storage of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Red Raspberry as Affected by Rate and Timing of Application

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Rempel ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The effects of 15N-labeled fertilizer applied to mature summer-bearing red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. `Meeker') plants were measured over 2 years. Four nitrogen (N) treatments were applied: singularly at 0, 40, or 80 kg·ha-1 of N in early spring (budbreak), or split with 40 kg·ha-1 of N (unlabeled) applied at budbreak and 40 kg·ha-1 of N (15N-depleted) applied eight weeks later. Plants were sampled six times per year to determine N and 15N content in the plant components throughout the growing season. Soil also was sampled seven times per year to determine inorganic N concentrations within the four treatments as well as in a bare soil plot. There was a tendency for the unfertilized treatment to have the lowest and for the split-N treatment to have the highest yield in both years. N application had no significant effect on plant dry weight or total N content in either year. Dry weight accumulation was 5.5 t·ha-1 and total N accumulation was 88 to 96 kg·ha-1 for aboveground biomass in the fertilized plots in 2001. Of the total N present, averaged over 2 years, 17% was removed in prunings, 12% was lost through primocane leaf senescence, 13% was removed through fruit harvest, 30% remained in the over-wintering plant, and 28% was considered lost or transported to the roots. Peak fertilizer N-uptake occurred by July for the single N applications and by September for the last application in the split-N treatment. This uptake accounted for 36% to 37% (single applications) and 24% (last half of split application) of the 15N applied. Plants receiving the highest single rate of fertilizer took up more fertilizer N while plants receiving the lower rate took up more N from the soil and from storage tissues. By midharvest, fertilizer N was found primarily in the fruit, fruiting laterals, and primocanes (94%) for all fertilized treatments; however, the majority of the fertilizer N applied in the last half of the split application was located in the primocanes (60%). Stored fertilizer N distribution was similar in all fertilized treatments. By the end of the second year, 5% to 12% of the fertilizer acquired in 2001 remained in the fertilized plants. Soil nitrate concentrations increased after fertilization to 78.5 g·m-3, and declined to an average of 35.6 g·m-3 by fruit harvest. Seasonal soil N decline was partially attributed to plant uptake; however, leaching and immobilization into the organic fraction may also have contributed to the decline.

scholarly journals BROADER pH RANGE FOR POTATOES WITH MIXED N THAN WITH EITHER NH4 OR NO3

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 614c-614
Author(s):  
W. Cao ◽  
T.W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Total N ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ph Range

Three nutrient culture experiments were conducted to determine the responses of potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum L.) to various solution pH levels with NO3, NH4, and mixed NO3/NH4 (1/1) at the same total N of 4 mM. The pH levels were maintained at 4, 5, 6, and 7 with NO3 or NH4, and at 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 6.5, 7 with mixed N. In each of the experiments, Norland plants were grown for 28 days after transplanting. With mixed N, plant growth as total dry weight, leaf area and tuber number was essentially similar at pH 4.5 to 7, and decreased only at pH 4. However, with either NO3 or NH4 growth peaked at a particular pH level, pH 5 and 6 respectively, and was significantly reduced at other pH levels with severe stunting at pH 7. With mixed N, the concentrations of total N in shoots were similar at pH 4 to 7 whereas, with either N form, the concentrations of total N were higher at particular pH levels, pH 4 and 5 with NO3 and pH 7 with NH4. The concentrations of P, S, Ca, Mg, and Mn in shoots were similar at pH 4 to 7 with mixed N, but varied at certain pH levels with either NO3 or NH4. The results indicate that the useful pH range for nutrient uptake and plant growth is broader with mixed N than with either NO3 or NH4.

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