RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORANGE G DYE-BINDING CAPACITY AND TOTAL N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-973
Author(s):  
A. D. SMITH ◽  
L. E. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Orange G ◽  
Four Levels

Six grass species were grown at four levels of N fertilizer and harvested at three stages of maturity. Two methods were used to estimate the protein content of the grasses: the Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N content. Values from the two methods were correlated to show the relationships between the two methods when species, levels of N fertilizer, and stages of maturity varied. The correlations between Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N were linear, positive, and highly significant. The variation about the regression lines was greatest when total N content was greater than 2.5% of plant dry weight; this condition was especially marked at early heading stage and high rates of N fertilizer. The precise relationships also varied among species. The Orange G dye-binding method for determining protein content is satisfactory for grasses where the total N content of the grass does not exceed 2.5%, but is not satisfactory for grasses with higher total N contents.

EFFECTS OF N FERTILIZER ON TOTAL-N AND NO3-N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. SMITH ◽  
L. E. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Stream Bank ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Four Levels

Total-N and NO3-N content of forage were determined for six grass species — timothy (Phleum pratense L.); crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.); intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.); stream-bank wheatgrass (Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith); bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.); and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). The grasses were fertilized with ammonium nitrate in early spring and were sampled at four levels of applied N — 0, 185, 550, and 940 kg/ha — and at three stages of maturity — early heading, anthesis, and seed-set. Total-N and NO3-N increased in all grasses with increasing levels of N fertilizer; Russian wild ryegrass showed the greatest increase and timothy the least. As maturity advanced, total-N content decreased. Total-N contents were similar in crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheatgrass. As maturity advanced, the NO3-N content of fertilized timothy, crested wheatgrass, and bromegrass decreased while that of Russian wild ryegrass increased. The NO3-N content of intermediate wheatgrass and of stream-bank wheatgrass was highest at anthesis. At 0 and 185 kg N/ha, the NO3-N content was well below the lethal level for ruminants, but at the two higher N fertilizer levels it often exceeded the lethal level. Timothy can be considered a low, Russian wild ryegrass a very high, and the other four grasses high, NO3-N accumulators.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertigation Rates Affect Stored Nitrogen, Growth, and Blooming in Iris germanica ‘Immortality’

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Zhao ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Jac J. Varco ◽  
Tongyin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
N Rates

Tall bearded (TB) iris (Iris germanica L.) has great potential as a specialty cut flower due to its fragrance and showy, multicolor display; however, limited research has been reported on optimal nitrogen (N) nutrient management for TB iris. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of N fertilizer rate on plant growth and flowering of ‘Immortality’ iris and determine the influence of both stored N and spring-applied N fertilizer on spring growth and flowering. On 14 Mar. 2012, rhizomes of ‘Immortality’ iris were potted in a commercial substrate with no starter fertilizer. Plants were fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm N from NH4NO3 twice per week from 28 Mar. to 28 Sept. 2012. In 2013, half of the plants from each of the 2012 N rate were supplied with either 0 or 10 mm N from 15NH415NO3 twice per week from 25 Mar. to 7 May 2013. Growth and flowering data including plant height, leaf SPAD, number of fans and inflorescence stems, and length of inflorescence stem were collected during the growing season. Plants were harvested in Dec. 2012 and May 2013 to measure dry weight and N concentration in leaves, roots, and rhizomes. Results showed higher 2012 N rates increased plant height, leaf SPAD reading, and number of inflorescence stems at first and second blooming in 2012. Greater 2012 N rates also increased plant dry weight and N content in all structures, and N concentration in roots and rhizomes. Rhizomes (58.8% to 66.3% of total N) were the dominant sink for N in Dec. 2012. Higher 2012 N rates increased plant height, number of fans, and the number of inflorescence stems at spring bloom in 2013. In May 2013, N in leaf tissue constituted the majority (51% to 64.3%) of the total plant N. Higher 2012 N rates increased total dry weight, N concentration, and N content in all 2013 15N rates; however, leaf dry weight in all plants was improved by 2013 15N rate. Percentage of tissue N derived from 2013 15N (NDFF) decreased with increasing 2012 N rate. New spring leaves were the dominant sink (56.8% to 72.2%) for 2013 applied 15N. In summary, ‘Immortality’ iris is capable of a second blooming in a growing season, this second blooming dependent on N fertilization rate in current year. A relatively high N rate is recommended to produce a second bloom.

THE ESTIMATION OF CRUDE PROTEIN IN RAPESEED MEAL BY A DYE-BINDING METHOD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. GOH ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Beckman Spectrophotometer ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Orange G

The relationships between Kjeldahl protein content and the dye-binding capacity (DBC) with Orange G and Acid Orange 12 of 15 rapeseed meals were studied. The unbound dyes were measured with a Beckman spectrophotometer and also by the Udy colorimeter in the case of Acid Orange 12. The correlation between DBC and Kjeldahl protein content or total basic amino acids was highly significant. The results favored the Udy method with Acid Orange 12.

Comparative between Ammonia Ion Selective Electrode and Dye Binding Method to study effect of Processing Methods on Protein Content of Plain Yogurt

2021 ◽  
pp. 6257-6261
Author(s):  
Heba Kashour ◽  
Lina Soubh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Precision Limit ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Orange G ◽  
Electrode Method

In this study, two analytical methods were used to determinate the protein, the ammonia ion selective electrode method and dye binding method using orange G and the spectrophotometer at λmax 478 nm by determining the linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation of each. In comparison, the dye binding method was chosen for its accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity (LOD, LOQ) and speed of performance. After that, it was applied to samples of prepared plain yogurt to study effect of different properties (source, heat treatment and type) of used milk on protein content of plain yogurt.

Potential role of rhizobacteria isolated from Northwestern China for enhancing wheat and oat yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YAO ◽  
S. YASMIN ◽  
F. Y. HAFEEZ
Keyword(s):  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Chinese Wheat

SUMMARYThe present investigation was designed to assess the range of growth-promoting activities of various rhizosphere bacteria on wheat and oat growing in Lanzhou, China. Detection of the N-fixing bacteria by the acetylene reduction assay-based most probable number (ARA-based MPN) method indicated the presence of significant numbers of N-fixing rhizobacteria, i.e. 5·8×106bacteria/g dry weight of root in association with Chinese wheat varietyV4. A total of 24 rhizobacteria was isolated from wheat and oat grown in Lanzhou, China. These bacterial isolates were studied for growth characteristics, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. All the isolates were motile and gram negative. Acetylene reduction activity was detected in all isolates ranging from 124·6 to 651·6 nmol C2H2reduced/h/vial while almost all isolates produced IAA ranging from 0·2 to 5·1 μg/ml. Only two isolates, ChW1 and ChW6, formed clear zones on Pikovskaia's medium, showing the ability to solubilize phosphates. ChW1 and ChW6 were used to develop fluorescent antibodies to check the cross reactivity of the isolates. Inoculation of these bacterial isolates resulted in higher plant biomass, root area and total N content on Chinese wheat varietyNingchun 2and Pakistani oat varietySwanunder controlled conditions. Among the wheat isolates, ChW5 was the best in promoting wheat growth by increasing its root length, root area, shoot dry weight and total N content. Among oat isolates, ChO3, ChO5 and ChO6 showed significant effects on different growth parameters of their host plants. Using the15N isotope dilution method, the highest N fixation contribution (0·73 of total plant N) was observed in the wheat plants inoculated with isolate ChW5. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of seven selected isolates showed that the variation within the isolates from different host crops grown in the same soil was quite large and helpful not only in defining the bacterial strains associated with different host crops but also in defining the distances of isolates from standard strains of rhizobacteria used. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the selected bacterial isolates did promote the growth of wheat and oat in ways that could be harnessed to practical benefit for the farmer and consistent with sustainable agricultural practices in China.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Pembibitan Awal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Muh Yusuf Indris ◽  
Irwan Halid ◽  
Sukriming Sapareng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Four Levels

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of N2-fixing microbes contained in organic organic fertilizers at four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application in increasing the performance of oil palm seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the form of an experiment using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: organic organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. The first factor with three levels of treatment, namely without organic biological fertilizer, Organic fertilizer from cow dung (Agro Flower) 1 g / kg of Soil and Organic organic fertilizer (Biost) 1 g / kg of Soil. While the second factor consists of four levels, namely without N fertilizer, N fertilizer 50% of the standard dose, N fertilizer 100% of the standard dose, and N fertilizer of 150% of the standard dose. Each treatment was tested on 4 oil palm seedlings and repeated 3 times, so that 144 experimental plants were obtained. The observations made were the variable plant performance includes plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. Variants of plant nutrient levels included total N nutrient levels, P nutrient levels, and K nutrient levels. The results showed that N-inhibiting microbes contained in organic organic fertilizer increased plant height and stem diameter significantly in oil palm nurseries. The use of a 100% dose of N fertilizer together with organic biofertilizers shows the best crop performance results.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage and Seedlings Age on the Yield and Use of Solar Energy in Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa glutinous L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
Sunawan Sunawan ◽  
Yogi Sugito ◽  
Eko Widaryanto ◽  
Titik Islami
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Four Levels

Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa glutinous L.) is one of the most important types of rice for food and health industries. However, the productivity is still low because the cultivation system has not been done optimally. This is also because the research on glutinous rice cultivation is still very small. The objective of this experiment is to get the N fertilizer dosage and seedlings age that can increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency of solar energy through increased efficiency of absorbed energy use. The treatment consisted of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer dose (D1 = 45 kg ha-1, D2 = 90 kg ha-1, D3 = 135 kg ha-1 and D4 = 180 kg ha-1) and three levels of seedlings age (U1 = 14 days, U2 = 21 days and U3 = 28 days). This treatment combination was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications, N fertilizer dosage as the main plot and seedlings age as the subplot. The results showed that the N fertilizer dosage used in this experiment had a significant effect on dry weight, the number of tillers, yields, absorbed use efficiency (AUE) and Energy Conversion Efficiency (ECE). Seedlings age did not give a significant effect on the number of productive tillers and grain yields. The highest grain yield was achieved by treatment of N 180 kg ha-1 fertilizer dose of 9.86 t ha-1 with AUE value of 2.83% and ECE 4.84%.

scholarly journals Uptake, Partitioning, and Storage of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Red Raspberry as Affected by Rate and Timing of Application

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Rempel ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The effects of 15N-labeled fertilizer applied to mature summer-bearing red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. `Meeker') plants were measured over 2 years. Four nitrogen (N) treatments were applied: singularly at 0, 40, or 80 kg·ha-1 of N in early spring (budbreak), or split with 40 kg·ha-1 of N (unlabeled) applied at budbreak and 40 kg·ha-1 of N (15N-depleted) applied eight weeks later. Plants were sampled six times per year to determine N and 15N content in the plant components throughout the growing season. Soil also was sampled seven times per year to determine inorganic N concentrations within the four treatments as well as in a bare soil plot. There was a tendency for the unfertilized treatment to have the lowest and for the split-N treatment to have the highest yield in both years. N application had no significant effect on plant dry weight or total N content in either year. Dry weight accumulation was 5.5 t·ha-1 and total N accumulation was 88 to 96 kg·ha-1 for aboveground biomass in the fertilized plots in 2001. Of the total N present, averaged over 2 years, 17% was removed in prunings, 12% was lost through primocane leaf senescence, 13% was removed through fruit harvest, 30% remained in the over-wintering plant, and 28% was considered lost or transported to the roots. Peak fertilizer N-uptake occurred by July for the single N applications and by September for the last application in the split-N treatment. This uptake accounted for 36% to 37% (single applications) and 24% (last half of split application) of the 15N applied. Plants receiving the highest single rate of fertilizer took up more fertilizer N while plants receiving the lower rate took up more N from the soil and from storage tissues. By midharvest, fertilizer N was found primarily in the fruit, fruiting laterals, and primocanes (94%) for all fertilized treatments; however, the majority of the fertilizer N applied in the last half of the split application was located in the primocanes (60%). Stored fertilizer N distribution was similar in all fertilized treatments. By the end of the second year, 5% to 12% of the fertilizer acquired in 2001 remained in the fertilized plants. Soil nitrate concentrations increased after fertilization to 78.5 g·m-3, and declined to an average of 35.6 g·m-3 by fruit harvest. Seasonal soil N decline was partially attributed to plant uptake; however, leaching and immobilization into the organic fraction may also have contributed to the decline.

scholarly journals Biomass Yield, Nitrogen Content and Uptake, And Nutritive Value of Alfalfa Co-Inoculated with Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-420
Author(s):  
Cecilio Viega Soares Filho ◽  
Leonardo Aurélio Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Silva Boregio ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has high forage yield potential, protein quality, palatability, and digestibility, and low seasonality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Azospirillum brasilense on the nutritive content, bromatological composition (crude protein [CP], neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], and in vitro digestibility of dry weight [IVDDW]), and shoot dry weight (SDW), relative chlorophyll index (RCI), number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), and root dry weight (RDW) and volume (RV), of alfalfa grown in a Typic Ultisol. The experiment consisted of eight combinations of plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The treatments were as follows: T1:non-inoculated control without N-fertilizer (NI); T2: NI + N-fertilizer, and inoculated with T3: Sinorhizobium (=Ensifer) meliloti SEMIA 116 + N-fertilizer; T4: S. meliloti SEMIA 116 + A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Ab-V6 + N-fertilizer; T5: S. meliloti SEMIA 134 + N-fertilizer; T6: S. meliloti SEMIA 134 + co-inoculation + N-fertilizer; T7: S. meliloti SEMIA 135 + N-fertilizer; and T8: S. meliloti SEMIA 135 + co-inoculation + N-fertilizer. S. meliloti strains are used in commercial inoculants for the alfalfa, and A. brasilense for several non-legumes and legumes in Brazil. The experiment was performed for three successive cuts under greenhouse conditions. Application of N-fertilization increases the production cost, making alfalfa cultivation unviable. Inoculation with three strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti highly promoted alfalfa growth, considering several parameters, including PH, RCI, NT, SDW and RDW, nutritive value, and with an emphasis on RV, and total N content and total N accumulated in shoots and roots. No further increases were observed with the co-inoculation with the PGPB A. brasilense. Studies in field and greenhouse conditions are necessary to verify the benefits of the use of PGPB in the cultivation of alfalfa.

APPLICATION OF THE DYE-BINDING TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ESTIMATION OF RAPESEED MEAL PROTEIN

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. GOH ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ ◽  
A. R. ROBBLEE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Available Lysine

The linear equation Y = 2.2 + 0.27X relating dye-binding capacity with Acid Orange 12 (X) and Kjeldahl crude protein content (Y) of rapeseed meal, derived previously, was applied to 126 commercial samples for estimating the protein contents of the meals. Results indicated that the means of crude protein contents obtained by both dye-binding and Kjeldahl nitrogen analyses were comparable. However, comparisons based on individual samples showed that the dye-binding method underestimated or overestimated the protein content of about 20% of the samples by 1% or more. The deviation was caused mainly by the atypical content of basic amino acids, particularly of lysine, in these meals. Application of the equation for quantitative prediction should, therefore, be limited to rapeseed meals which have been properly processed. On the other hand, the correlations noted between the dye-binding capacity of protein (DBCP, mg Acid Orange 12/g protein) of 21 selected rapeseed meals and the lysine and available lysine contents of the meals (r = 0.84 and 0.79) showed that the ability of the protein to bind Acid Orange 12 may be used as a protein quality index of the samples. This potential was further investigated by studying the effects of autoclaving for varying periods of time at 121 °C on the DBCP of rapeseed meal protein. In this regard, a significant reduction in DBCP of the meals was noted after 45 min of heating. Available lysine values were reduced by autoclaving at a more rapid rate than DBCP values.

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