Characterization of the total extractable lipids of Zymomonas mobilis var. mobilis

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Tornabene ◽  
G. Holzer ◽  
A. S. Bittner ◽  
K. Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Bound Lipids

The cells of Zymomonas mobilis var. mobilis contained 6.3% of the chloroform–methanol–water extractable lipids (dry weight basis) and 1.5% of bound lipids. The extractable lipids were 96.8% polar lipids and 3.2% neutral lipids. The neutral lipids contained squalene, and 21 pentacyclic triterpene hydrocarbons comprised 1.4% of the total lipids. The remaining neutral lipids consisted of relatively small quantities of components tentatively identified as free fatty acids, tri-, di-, and mono-glycerides, lipoamino compounds, and pigments. The polar lipids consisted of methanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The methanol-soluble fraction consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine as the principal lipid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatide acid as the minor lipids. The methanol-insoluble fraction consisted of glycolipoproteins comprising glucosamine, galactosamine, myristic acid, and amino acids. This glycolipoprotein fraction differed from the material isolated by standard procedures for extracting lipopolysaccharides. The lipopolysaccharide fraction, in turn, was distinctly different from the lipopolysaccharides of other Gram-negative species, since deoxyhexoses, pentoses, hexoses, aminopentose, uronic acid, phosphate, and myristic acid were the principal constitutents. There was no evidence for ketodeoxyoctulonic acid, heptoses, or hydroxy fatty acids. Hexosamines were detected in trace amounts only by colorimetric analysis.

Skin reaction to lipids from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Arimitsu ◽  
Atsuko Moribayashi ◽  
Norihisa Goto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Skin Reactions

Sonically disrupted cells from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni induced a skin reaction characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) associated with some edema in guinea pigs. To determine the substance inducing infiltration of PMN, lipids of avirulent strain Shibaura were extracted with chloroform – methanol – water after washing with acetone. The lipids comprised 28% of the dry weight of the cell. When the lipids were further separated into water–methanol and chloroform fractions, the most severe PMN infiltration of all samples was seen in the skin inoculated with extract recovered from the chloroform fraction. Neutral and polar lipids were detected after thin-layer chromatography of the chloroform extract. Neutral lipids were detected as free fatty acids (FFA). Fatty acids contained in polar lipids were mainly palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid, whereas FFA comprised 66.5% oleic acid. Skin reactions consisting of marked edema with mild infiltration of PMN were elicited by FFA. There was no obvious difference between a commercially available FFA mixture and the FFA from avirulent strain Shibaura. These observations suggest that FFA may play some role in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.Key words: Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni avirulent strain Shibaura, polar lipids, free fatty acids, skin reaction.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea with Special Reference to Acyl Glycerides, Polar Lipids, and Free Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea is presented. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, prior to derivatization and GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe (7.42 mg/g dry weight and 2.57 mg/g dry weight, resp.). The highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions with 590.6 ug/g dry weight and 100.9 ug/g dry weight for blade and stipe, respectively. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. The blade had the highest PUFA/SFA ratio compared to stipe (1.02 versus 0.76) and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio (0.8 versus 3.5). This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries, this can be of importance for production of different health products.

Lipids of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bobo ◽  
R. G. Eagon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Bound Lipids

A survey of the content and composition of lipids from isolated cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus was made. The following results are average values from several experiments. The readily extractable lipids made up 15.7% and the firmly bound lipids 8.7% of the dry weight of the cell walls of P. aeruginosa. The readily extractable lipids of B. abortus cell walls accounted for 11.4% and the firmly bound lipids 6.4% of the dry weight of the walls.The readily extractable lipids were further separated into phospholipids, free fatty acids, and neutral lipids. These lipids of P. aeruginosa cell walls contained 44.9% phospholipids and 52.9% free fatty acids and neutral lipids. In B. abortus cell walls the phospholipids accounted for only 22.1% of the free lipids whereas the free fatty acids and neutral lipids made up 76.1%.The phospholipids of P. aeruginosa and B. abortus were shown by thin-layer chromatography to be composed of four and seven components respectively. The bulk of the phospholipids was phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol of the cardiolipin type. Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine was also present in both organisms. The presence of phosphatidyl choline could not be demonstrated conclusively since choline could not be detected in the hydrolytic products of the phospholipids; however, infrared spectra of the total lipids and of the phospholipids of both P. aeruginosa and B. abortus showed absorption bands at 970 cm−1 which are characteristic of phosphatidyl choline.Gas–liquid chromatography of the free fatty acids of P. aeruginosa showed the major portion of these acids to be C16 and C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The bulk of the free fatty acids of B. abortus consisted of C18 saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (C18:2) together with lesser amounts of C16 saturated and monounsaturated acids. Two components were tentatively identified as C19 cyclopropane and C19:0 fatty acids respectively. Small amounts of both C12 and C14 saturated fatty acids were found in both organisms. No hydroxy fatty acids could be identified in either P. aeruginosa or B. abortus.Calcium and magnesium, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, were associated with all the phospholipid components in both organisms. However, the largest quantities of calcium and magnesium were found in the phospholipid components, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Trace amounts of zinc were present in all phospholipid components of the cell walls of both microorganisms. Manganese was not detected.

scholarly journals Les lipides des différentes catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon au moment de la véraison

OENO One ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
J. J. Lavaud ◽  
Monique Cherrad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Acides Gras ◽  
The Difference

<p style="text-align: justify;">Cinq catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon ont été séparées à la véraison. Plus de 95 p. 100 des acides gras sont contenus dans les lipides neutres. La différence de composition en acides gras des lipides polaires montre que la localisation des pépins dans une seule loge ou dans deux loges séparées a pour conséquence une modification du fonctionnement des désaturases.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Five categories of Cabernet Sauvignon seeds were separated at the beginning of ripening. The neutral lipids contain more than 95 per cent of the fatty acids. The difference in the fatty acid content of polar lipids shows that seeds localized in just one section or in two separate sections results in a modification of the « desaturase » functioning.</p>

Quality Characteristics of Fresh Meat from Pigs of the Gascon Breed

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sans ◽  
M. J. Andrade ◽  
S. Ventanas ◽  
J. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids

Chemical parameters involved in technological meat quality for dry cured processing of Gascon pigs were studied in longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Muscles from Gascon pigs showed 2.60 and 2.84% of intramuscular fat content, 23.64 and 22.14% protein content and 1.34 and 4.63mg of myoglobin per gram of muscle (respectively LD and BF). Intramuscular fat (IMF) and myoglobin levels were higher than those reported for commercial pigs, but lower than those previously found in Iberian pigs. A similar situation was detected in the fatty acid composition of neutral and polar lipids of both muscles. Thus, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in neutral lipids of Gascon pig muscles (LD and BF respectively) were 58.27 and 51.98%, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels were 5.61 and 14.13% respectively; values similar to those found in Iberian pigs and quite different to usual values in commercial pig breeds. The same trend was found in polar lipids. Both muscles showed a low susceptibility to induced lipid oxidation, in agreement with their fatty acid composition. These results pointed out that meat from pigs of the Gascon breed showed optimal characteristics for dry cured processing.

Évolution de la teneur en lipides de Leptosphaeria typhae en fonction de sa croissance et de sa reproduction sexuée : activité de synthèse et étude des lipides neutres et polaires

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2467
Author(s):  
Gérard Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Lipid Turnover ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase Activity

When perithecia appear (on the 7th day of growth), the mycelial lipid content falls and the degree of fat insaturation increases; fatty acid synthetase activity greatly increases. Lipid turnover is therefore accelerated. Among neutral lipids, triglycerides constitute the largest pool and their proportion increases when perithecia appear. Free fatty acids also increase, confirming the lipid turnover's acceleration. Polar lipids especially disappear; the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio increases when the fungus ascosporulates.

scholarly journals Functional bioactive compounds and biological activities of Spirulina platensis lipids

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Ramadan ◽  
M.M.S. Asker ◽  
Z.K. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol

The compositions and concentrations of lipid classes, fatty acids, tocopherols were determined in the lipids from blue-green microalga <i>Spirulina platensis</i>. Total lipids (TL) recovered using chloroform: methanol (2:1, v/v) were found to be 163.5 g/kg (on dry weight basis). The level of neutral lipids was the highest, followed by glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Among TL and lipid classes, palmitic, &gamma;-linolenic and linoleic acids were the dominating fatty acids. Compared to the neutral lipids, the polar fractions were generally characterised by higher percentages of saturated fatty acids. The recovered lipids were characterised by high percentage of tocopherols, wherein &gamma;-tocopherol constitutes about 73% of total tocopherols present, the rest being &gamma;-tocopherol. <i>Spirulina platensis</i> lipids exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity towards stable DPPH free radicals, whereas 27% of DPPH radicals were quenched after 2 h incubation. TL and lipid classes inhibited the growth of different microorganisms except gram-negative bacteria. At high concentrations, the tested lipids appeared more effective against <i>A. niger</i> (28.3 ± 1.53 mm). The information obtained in the present investigation is useful for lipid characterisation and further chemical and nutritional investigations of <i>Spirulina platensis</i>.

The effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilis

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Frolov ◽  
S.L. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Free Sterols

Alterations of the biochemical composition and survival of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilishave been investigated. During starvation the proportion of total protein increased from 45·3 to 62·7% while that of total lipid, carbohydrate and glycogen decreased from 20·1 to 6·9%, from 21·2 to 14·1% and from 17·3 to 4·9% dry weight, respectively. The proportion of polar lipids and free sterols in total lipids increased, from 8·3 to 32·0% and from 29·2 to 58·3% whereas triacylglycerol decreased from 54·7 to 4·2% dry weight. The most abrupt alteration in these fractions took place in the interval from 24 to 48 h. The proportion of monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids and esters of waxes and sterols in-creased from 1·2 to 3·0% (72 h), from 0·2 to 1·8 (48 h), from 0·7 to 2·4 (72 h) and from 5·7 to 12·1% (48 h) and then decreased to the level of 1·1, 0·9, 1·2 and 1·3%, respectively.

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers change the unsaturation degree of hepatic fatty acids in neutral lipids but not in polar lipids

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana V. Martins ◽  
Paula A. Lopes ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Cristina M. Alfaia ◽  
Mafalda Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid
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