Hydrolysis of some natural and synthetic bile acid conjugates by Cercospora melonis

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Johns ◽  
R. Chong ◽  
I. S. Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Moiety ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Analogs of natural bile acid conjugates were incubated with both whole-cell cultures and cell-free extracts of the fungus Cercospora melonis CBS 162.60. Those conjugates containing both an α-amino group and a carboxylic acid group in the amino acid moiety were the most susceptible to hydrolysis. Substitution with a β-amino group and (or) a sulfonic acid group greatly reduced the extent of hydrolysis. With all conjugates tested, significant losses of total bile acid were observed on incubation with whole-cell cultures. Two factors have been implicated as contributing to these losses. First, bile acids may be degraded to nonsteroidal products by an inducible enzyme system. Second, bile acids may be bound to mycelia in a manner not reversed by the extraction technique.

scholarly journals Synthesis of bis-azobenzene derivatives with reactive bromohexyl unit and carboxylic acid group based on Disperse Yellow 7

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Alina Madalina Darabut ◽  
Olha Hennadiivna Purikova ◽  
Yevheniia Volodymyrivna Lobko
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Group ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Azobenzene Derivatives

In this work, two types of azobenzene derivatives based on Disperse Yellow 7 (DY7, 4-[4-(phenylazo)phenylazo]-o-cresol) were synthesized, which are bis-azobenzenes bearing flexible functional 6-bromohexyl chain or carboxylic acid moiety. The first one was synthesized by alkylation of DY7 with an excess of 1,6-dibromohexane in the presence of a mild base (K2CO3). The second one (azo dye with carboxylic acid functionality) was obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of the ester bond of the newly obtained DY7 derivative with the ethoxycarbonyl group. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different spectral analytical techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis. They can be employed for the synthesis of a wide variety of azo-based materials, which may be suitable for photochromic systems and molecular electronics applications.

scholarly journals Importance of Hydrolysis of Amino Acid Moiety in Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Disodium Cromoglycate for Increased Oral Bioavailability.

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa YOSHIMI ◽  
Hiroyuki HASHIZUME ◽  
Satoshi TAMAKI ◽  
Hirokazu TSUDA ◽  
Fumio FUKATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Disodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Amino Acid Moiety ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Synthesis of carotenoid-cysteine conjugates.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Zand ◽  
Attila Agócs ◽  
József Deli ◽  
Veronika Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Allylic Cation ◽  
Amino Acid Moiety ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Isozeaxanthin under acidic conditions forms an allylic cation which reacts readily with thiol nucleophiles. With N-acetylcysteine as a nucleophile the products obtained are carotenoid-cysteine conjugates in which the amino acid moiety is attached to the carotenoid via sulphur in position 4. The water solubility of the products can be increased by deprotection of the amino group. The antioxidant activity of the products were examined on human liver cells under conditions of hydrogen-peroxide induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Human liver cholesteryl ester hydrolase: cloning, molecular characterization, and role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Ramesh Natarajan ◽  
Shobha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The liver regulates cholesterol homeostasis and eliminates excess cholesterol as bile acids or biliary cholesterol. Free cholesterol for bile acid synthesis or biliary secretion is obtained by the hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters or from cholesteryl esters taken up by the liver from high-density lipoproteins via a selective uptake pathway. The present study was undertaken to characterize the enzyme catalyzing this reaction, namely, cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) from the human liver, and demonstrate its role in regulating bile acid synthesis. Two cDNAs were isolated from the human liver that differed only in the presence of an additional alanine at position 18 in one of the clones. Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with a eukaryotic expression vector containing either of these two cDNAs resulted in significant increase in the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters, authenticating these clones as human liver CEH. CEH mRNA and protein expression in human hepatocytes were demonstrated by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively, confirming the location of this enzyme in the cell type involved in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Overexpression of these CEH clones in human hepatocytes resulted in significant increase in bile acid synthesis, demonstrating a role for liver CEH in modulating bile acid synthesis. This CEH gene mapped on human chromosome 16, and the two clones represent two different transcript variants resulting from splice shifts at exon 1. In conclusion, these data identify that human liver CEH was expressed in hepatocytes, where it potentially regulates the synthesis of bile acids and thus the removal of cholesterol from the body.

What is meant by the term "bile acid"?

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. G107-G110
Author(s):  
L. Roger ◽  
J. St Pyrek ◽  
J. M. Little ◽  
E. W. Adcock
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Group ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

The bile acids are a set of acidic steroids. Many conventional bile acids share a common derivation and have functional characteristics in common. Exceptions exist, however, to virtually all of the rules that can be applied to a definition of bile acids. The term is thus best applied to those steroids with a side chain at C-17, which contains a carboxylic acid group, and to acidic derivatives of such compounds. Naturally occurring bile acids are a more numerous and diverse group than has been generally recognized. The site of origin, synthetic pathways, metabolism, and bioactivity of recently recognized unconventional bile acids are under intensive investigation.

Structure of Regenerated Celluloses Treated with Ionic Liquids and Comparison of their Enzymatic Digestibility by Purified Cellulase Components

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Mizuno ◽  
Shuji Kachi ◽  
Eiji Togawa ◽  
Noriko Hayashi ◽  
Kouichi Nozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Amino Acid Moiety ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Disordered Chain

In this study, regenerated celluloses were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by treatment with three ionic liquids (ILs) having 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (Emim) as the cation, and the IL N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium alanine ([N221ME][Ala]), where the amino acid moiety is the anion. The crystal form of cellulose was transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II by dissolution with an IL and regeneration with anti-solvent. However, the crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose was different; the disordered chain region was increased in the order of [N221ME][Ala] < [Emim][OAc] < [Emim][DEP] < [Emim][Cl]. The monocomponent cellulase, especially endoglucanase, showed high hydrolyzing activity for regenerated cellulose compared with untreated cellulose. Furthermore, the degree of increase of hydrolyzing activity was almost coincident with the order of crystallinity. For the effective hydrolysis of cellulose treated with an IL, it is necessary to prepare the cellulase mixture containing an adequate ratio of each cellulase component according to crystal allomorph and the crystallinity of regenerated cellulose.

Pharmacological effects of secondary bile acid microparticles in diabetic murine model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Nassim Zamani ◽  
Bozica Kovacevic ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Giuseppe Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Aim: Examine bile acids effects in Type 2 diabetes. Background: In recent studies, the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects in obese patients while in type 2 diabetics (T2D) levels of the pro-inflammatory bile acid lithocholic acid were increased, and levels of the anti-inflammatory bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid were decreased, in plasma. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to examine applications of novel UDCA nanoparticles in diabetes. Methods: Diabetic balb/c adult mice were divided into three equal groups and gavaged daily with either empty microcapsules, free UDCA, or microencapsulated UDCA over two weeks. Their blood, tissues, urine, and faeces were collected for blood glucose, inflammation, and bile acid analyses. UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Results: UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Conclusion: Bile acids modulated the bile profile without affecting blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 1,2-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing amino acid moiety

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2905-2916
Author(s):  
Mounir A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Adnan A. Bekhit ◽  
Omyma A. Abd Allah ◽  
Asmaa M. Kadry ◽  
Tamer M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Amino Acid Derivatives ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Amino Acid Moiety

A new series of [1,2,4]-triazole bearing amino acid derivatives were synthesized under green chemistry conditions and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Manipulating the Microbiome: An Alternative Treatment for Bile Acid Diarrhoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Evette B. M. Hillman ◽  
Sjoerd Rijpkema ◽  
Danielle Carson ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Uk

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a widespread gastrointestinal disease that is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome and is estimated to affect 1% of the United Kingdom (UK) population alone. BAD is associated with excessive bile acid synthesis secondary to a gastrointestinal or idiopathic disorder (also known as primary BAD). Current licensed treatment in the UK has undesirable effects and has been the same since BAD was first discovered in the 1960s. Bacteria are essential in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The profile of an individual’s bile acid pool is central in bile acid homeostasis as bile acids regulate their own synthesis. Therefore, microbiome dysbiosis incurred through changes in diet, stress levels and the introduction of antibiotics may contribute to or be the cause of primary BAD. This literature review focuses on primary BAD, providing an overview of bile acid metabolism, the role of the human gut microbiome in BAD and the potential options for therapeutic intervention in primary BAD through manipulation of the microbiome.

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