Activités bactéricides du colorant Erio acide rouge XB 400 vis-à-vis Bacillus thuringiensis

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-955
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Photodynamic Action ◽  
Inactivation Effect

Laboratory and field tests revealed that the addition of Erio acid red XB 400 dye (EAR) to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations inhibited spores of the bacillus. In the laboratory, 74% of the spores present in a suspension containing 16 × 109 viable spores/mL, and 0.25 gm/L of EAR, were inhibited after 28 h. Spore inactivation in a physiological solution containing 1 × 107 viable spores/mL was 75% after the same period of exposure to the same EAR concentration. Field tests showed a reduction in the number of viable spores in a suspension exposed to sunlight; a suspension of 75 000 viable spores/mL yielded 2000 and 400 viable spores/mL after 2 and 4 h of exposure to sunlight, while the same suspension added with 2.5 ppm EAR yielded 1000 and 100 viable spores/mL after the same periods of exposure. The photodynamic action of sunlight on the dye provokes a chemical reaction (oxydation) and the inactivation effect of EAR increases with temperature. Consequently, use of EAR is incompatible with B. thuringiensis formulations and methods used for deposit assessment, based on the use of EAR, should be modified accordingly.

A COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS OF BACILLUS SPHAERICUS STRAIN 1593 AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST AEDES STIMULASS LARVAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Wraight ◽  
Daniel Molloy ◽  
Patricia McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Mean Temperature

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 were tested against Aedes stimulons larvae in the laboratory and in 38-cm-diam, open-ended cylinders embedded in the bottom detritus of a woodland pool. Estimates of LC50 were lower against fourth instars in the field at a mean temperature of 15.9 °C than in the laboratory at 21.1 °C. The greater efficacy in the field was attributed to high daytime water temperatures (mean 20.5 °C) following treatment and exposure of the larvae to substantially greater amounts of toxic material in a larger volume of water than in the laboratory. The regression of probit on log10 concentration was not linear over the entire range of mortality caused by B. sphaericus, increasing the difficulty of estimation of LC values. Bacillus sphaericus was significantly less active than B. thuringiensis.

Field Tests with the HD-1 Formulation of the δ-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Against the Cabbage Looper on Cabbage123

1971 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Dulmage ◽  
D. A. Wolfenbarger ◽  
M. J. Lukefahr ◽  
J. A. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cabbage Looper

scholarly journals Bacillus Thuringiensis: a Logical Weapon for Spruce Budworm Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Density ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Methods Of Application

Action of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was found to be attributable to septicemia with some enterotoxicosis. Development of a compact economical B.t. formulation, with addition of the enzyme chitinase, increased its efficiency by accelerating larval mortality. Between 1971 and 1975 field tests were conducted in balsam fir stands with different levels of insect density to select the best formulation and methods of application and to identify the major influencing environmental variables. Variability in the results prior to 1975 is attributable to difficulties with calibration of spray systems. With accurate calibration in 1976 and 1977, good results in terms of larval mortality and foliage protection were obtained, thus confirming the value of B.t. for control of spruce budworm.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Reaction Kinetics Behavior of Nitrogen Oxide During Air-staged Combustion in Pulverized Boiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jun-Xia Zhang ◽  
Jiang Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Staged Combustion ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics

<p>Because the air-staged combustion technology is one of the key technologies with low investment running costs and high emission reduction efficiency for the pulverized boiler, it is important to reveal the chemical reaction kinetics mechanism for developing various technologies of nitrogen oxide reduction emissions. At the present work, a three-dimensional mesh model of the large-scale four corner tangentially fired boiler furnace is established with the GAMBIT pre-processing of the FLUENT software. The partial turbulent premixed and diffusion flame was simulated for the air-staged combustion processing. Parameters distributions for the air-staged and no the air-staged were obtained, including in-furnace flow field, temperature field and nitrogen oxide concentration field. The results show that the air-staged has more regular velocity field, higher velocity of flue gas, higher turbulence intensity and more uniform temperature of flue gas. In addition, a lower negative pressure zone and lower O<sub>2</sub> concentration zone is formed in the main combustion zone, which is conducive to the NO of fuel type reduced to N<sub>2</sub>, enhanced the effect of NO<sub>x</sub> reduction. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 5<sup>th</sup> November 2015; Revised: 14<sup>th</sup> January 2016; Accepted: 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016 </em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong>: Zhang, J.X., Zhang, J.F. (2016). Analysis of Chemical Reaction Kinetics Behavior of Nitrogen Oxide During Air-staged Combustion in Pulverized Boiler. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysi</em>s, 11 (1): 100-108. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.431.100-108)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.431.100-108">http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.431.100-108</a></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

FIELD TESTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND DDT FOR CONTROL OF TWO PESTS OF CABBAGE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. S. Fox ◽  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Commercial Preparation

At Kentville, Nova Scotia, during 1960, seven spray schedules including a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and DDT were evaluated in the field for control of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), and larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.). Up to three spray treatments were applied at 2-week intervals. Three applications of B. thuringiensis or one application of DDT followed by two of B. thuringiensis gave good control of both insects. In general, DDT and B. thuringiensis were equally effective against imported cabbageworm but DDT was more effective against larvae of the diamondback moth.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FUNGICIDES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPRAYS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The effect of five common orchard fungicides, captan, dodine, dichlone, glyodin, and a mercuric acetate eradicant, on the activity of a wettable powder preparation of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was studied in the laboratory, orchard, and field, using pests of apple and cabbage as test insects. Glyodin was the only one of the fungicides tested in the laboratory that significantly reduced the activity of the spores against larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius), and the winter moth, Operophthera brumata (Linnaeus). In the orchard and field tests the combining of glyodin or dodine with sprays of the spores reduced mortality of larvae of the winter moth, the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus), and the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curtis).

Visualization of Micro- and Macromixing in Liquid Mixtures of Reacting Components (Keynote Paper)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Kling ◽  
Dieter Mewes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Planar Laser

Micromixing is visualized inside a stirred vessel by using two different optical measurement techniques, the optical tomography and the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence technique (PLIF). In order to distinguish between macro- and micromixing, a mixture of two dyes is injected into the mixing vessel. One of the dyes is an inert dye whereas the second dye is undergoing a fast chemical reaction with the vessel content. The distribution of the inert dye serves as a tracer for the macromixing but does not predicate the mixing quality on the nano scale. The chemical reaction requires mixing on the molecular scale. Therefore the reacting dye, which is changing its emission characteristics during the reaction, indirectly visualizes the micromixing. The tomographical dual wavelength photometry is used to measure the three-dimensional, transient concentration fields in the whole vessel at the same time. Measurements with the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence technique are performed in an arbitrary plane of the vessel. This restriction on a two-dimensional concentration field is recompensed with a much higher spatial resolution which allows to visualize small scale structures in the order of mm. For both techniques low Reynolds number measurements are performed in a mixing vessel equipped with a Rushton turbine. Results are presented as two- or three-dimensional concentration fields. Areas of micromixing are detected by calculating the local degree of deviation from the concentration fields. They are depending on the injection position of the dye and are mainly found in the boundary layer of the lamellas.

scholarly journals The MHD Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow and mass transfer analysis due to super-linear stretching sheet embedded in porous medium

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. S. Mahabaleshwar ◽  
T. Anusha ◽  
M. Hatami
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Non Linear

AbstractThe steady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) incompressible hybrid nanofluid flow and mass transfer due to porous stretching surface with quadratic velocity is investigated in the presence of mass transpiration and chemical reaction. The basic laminar boundary layer equations for momentum and mass transfer, which are non-linear partial differential equations, are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformation. The mass equation in the presence of chemical reaction is a differential equation with variable coefficients, which is transformed to a confluent hypergeometric differential equation. The mass transfer is analyzed for two different boundary conditions of concentration field that are prescribed surface concentration (PSC) and prescribed mass flux (PMF). The asymptotic solution of concentration filed for large Schmidt number is analyzed using Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin (WKB) method. The parameters influence the flow are suction/injection, superlinear stretching parameter, porosity, magnetic parameter, hybrid nanofluid terms, Brinkman ratio and the effect of these are analysed using graphs.

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