Field Tests with HD-1, θ-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, and with Chemical Insecticides for Control of the Tobacco Budworm and the Bollworm in 1970123

1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-899
Author(s):  
R. L. McGarr ◽  
H. T. Dulmage ◽  
D. A. Wolfenbarger
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tobacco Budworm

A COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS OF BACILLUS SPHAERICUS STRAIN 1593 AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST AEDES STIMULASS LARVAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Wraight ◽  
Daniel Molloy ◽  
Patricia McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Mean Temperature

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 were tested against Aedes stimulons larvae in the laboratory and in 38-cm-diam, open-ended cylinders embedded in the bottom detritus of a woodland pool. Estimates of LC50 were lower against fourth instars in the field at a mean temperature of 15.9 °C than in the laboratory at 21.1 °C. The greater efficacy in the field was attributed to high daytime water temperatures (mean 20.5 °C) following treatment and exposure of the larvae to substantially greater amounts of toxic material in a larger volume of water than in the laboratory. The regression of probit on log10 concentration was not linear over the entire range of mortality caused by B. sphaericus, increasing the difficulty of estimation of LC values. Bacillus sphaericus was significantly less active than B. thuringiensis.

Field Tests with the HD-1 Formulation of the δ-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Against the Cabbage Looper on Cabbage123

1971 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Dulmage ◽  
D. A. Wolfenbarger ◽  
M. J. Lukefahr ◽  
J. A. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cabbage Looper

scholarly journals Bacillus Thuringiensis: a Logical Weapon for Spruce Budworm Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Density ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Methods Of Application

Action of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was found to be attributable to septicemia with some enterotoxicosis. Development of a compact economical B.t. formulation, with addition of the enzyme chitinase, increased its efficiency by accelerating larval mortality. Between 1971 and 1975 field tests were conducted in balsam fir stands with different levels of insect density to select the best formulation and methods of application and to identify the major influencing environmental variables. Variability in the results prior to 1975 is attributable to difficulties with calibration of spray systems. With accurate calibration in 1976 and 1977, good results in terms of larval mortality and foliage protection were obtained, thus confirming the value of B.t. for control of spruce budworm.

FIELD TESTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND DDT FOR CONTROL OF TWO PESTS OF CABBAGE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. S. Fox ◽  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Commercial Preparation

At Kentville, Nova Scotia, during 1960, seven spray schedules including a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and DDT were evaluated in the field for control of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), and larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.). Up to three spray treatments were applied at 2-week intervals. Three applications of B. thuringiensis or one application of DDT followed by two of B. thuringiensis gave good control of both insects. In general, DDT and B. thuringiensis were equally effective against imported cabbageworm but DDT was more effective against larvae of the diamondback moth.

Activités bactéricides du colorant Erio acide rouge XB 400 vis-à-vis Bacillus thuringiensis

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-955
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Photodynamic Action ◽  
Inactivation Effect

Laboratory and field tests revealed that the addition of Erio acid red XB 400 dye (EAR) to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations inhibited spores of the bacillus. In the laboratory, 74% of the spores present in a suspension containing 16 × 109 viable spores/mL, and 0.25 gm/L of EAR, were inhibited after 28 h. Spore inactivation in a physiological solution containing 1 × 107 viable spores/mL was 75% after the same period of exposure to the same EAR concentration. Field tests showed a reduction in the number of viable spores in a suspension exposed to sunlight; a suspension of 75 000 viable spores/mL yielded 2000 and 400 viable spores/mL after 2 and 4 h of exposure to sunlight, while the same suspension added with 2.5 ppm EAR yielded 1000 and 100 viable spores/mL after the same periods of exposure. The photodynamic action of sunlight on the dye provokes a chemical reaction (oxydation) and the inactivation effect of EAR increases with temperature. Consequently, use of EAR is incompatible with B. thuringiensis formulations and methods used for deposit assessment, based on the use of EAR, should be modified accordingly.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FUNGICIDES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPRAYS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The effect of five common orchard fungicides, captan, dodine, dichlone, glyodin, and a mercuric acetate eradicant, on the activity of a wettable powder preparation of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was studied in the laboratory, orchard, and field, using pests of apple and cabbage as test insects. Glyodin was the only one of the fungicides tested in the laboratory that significantly reduced the activity of the spores against larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius), and the winter moth, Operophthera brumata (Linnaeus). In the orchard and field tests the combining of glyodin or dodine with sprays of the spores reduced mortality of larvae of the winter moth, the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus), and the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curtis).

scholarly journals Development and Field Performance of a Broad-Spectrum Nonviable Asporogenic Recombinant Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis with Greater Potency and UV Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 4032-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Sanchis ◽  
Michel Gohar ◽  
Josette Chaufaux ◽  
Olivia Arantes ◽  
Alain Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Uv Degradation ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Activity Spectrum

ABSTRACT The main problems with Bacillus thuringiensis products for pest control are their often narrow activity spectrum, high sensitivity to UV degradation, and low cost effectiveness (high potency required). We constructed a sporulation-deficient SigK− B. thuringiensis strain that expressed a chimericcry1C/Ab gene, the product of which had high activity against various lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian cotton leaf worm) and Spodoptera exigua (lesser [beet] armyworm), which are not readily controlled by other Cry δ-endotoxins. The SigK− host strain carried the cry1Ac gene, the product of which is highly active against the larvae of the major pests Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) and Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). This new strain had greater potency and a broader activity spectrum than the parent strain. The crystals produced by the asporogenic strain remained encapsulated within the cells, which protected them from UV degradation. Thecry1C/Ab gene was introduced into the B. thuringiensis host via a site-specific recombination vector so that unwanted DNA was eliminated. Therefore, the final construct contained no sequences of non-B. thuringiensis origin. As the recombinant strain is a mutant blocked at late sporulation, it does not produce viable spores and therefore cannot compete with wild-typeB. thuringiensis strains in the environment. It is thus a very safe biopesticide. In field trials, this new recombinant strain protected cabbage and broccoli against a pest complex under natural infestation conditions.

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