Evidence of thermonuclease production by Bacillus spp. and enterococci in naturally contaminated cheese

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
R. A. Lachance ◽  
J. Goulet ◽  
M. Landgraf ◽  
C. E. Park
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Of 105 thermonuclease-positive (TNase-positive) cheese samples comprising 13 types, 92 (87.6%) contained coagulase-positive staphylococci, whereas 9 (8.6%) contained microorganisms other than staphylococci as the major contaminants. Of the latter group, six samples contained Bacillus spp. comprising three species (B. cereus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis), and three contained mainly enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis), which were proven to be TNase producers. The organisms responsible for TNase production in the other four samples (3.8%) are not known, because isolates from these samples failed to produce the enzyme. Unlike staphylococcal TNase, a greater part of nonstaphylococcal TNase remains in the cheese homogenate after extraction of the enzyme at pH 3.8 instead of pH 4.5.

A survey of microorganisms for thermonuclease production

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Park ◽  
A. de Melo Serrano ◽  
M. Landgraf ◽  
J. C. Huang ◽  
Z. Stankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Group D ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

A total of 1204 cultures comprising 16 genera were surveyed for production of thermonuclease (TNase) in milk. Cultures other than Staphylococcus capable of TNase production were restricted to two genera, Streptococcus and Bacillus. Nineteen percent of 338 group D streptococci comprising four species (85% of which were Streptococcus faecalis) and 17% of 60 streptococci belonging to other groups produced TNase. Nine percent of 130 Bacillus cultures comprising six species produced the enzyme. On the other hand, 99% of coagulase-positive staphylococci produced TNase and only 18% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci produced the enzyme. The amount of TNase produced by streptococci and bacilli was significantly lower than that produced by coagulase-positive staphylococci. The pH profile of the streptococci and Bacillus TNases was similar to that of the staphylococcal TNase; each enzyme exhibited a minor peak at pH 7.0 and a broad major peak ranging from pH 8.5 to 10. The nuclease produced by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was more heat stable than the nucleases produced by Streptococcus and Bacillus; there was little loss in activity of the staphylococcal enzyme after 60 min at 100 °C, whereas 50% of the activity of the streptococcal and Bacillus nucleases was destroyed in 40–60 min and 60–80 min, respectively.

scholarly journals Research on reproductive performance of mares in Serbia using bacteriological examination

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-892
Author(s):  
M.I. Urosevic ◽  
D. Stojanovic ◽  
B. Lako ◽  
I. Jajic ◽  
Z. Milicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Zooepidemicus ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The research was conducted on 19 stud farms in Serbia, on 80 mares used for breeding, with and without reproductive disorders. During the two years period (from 2009 to 2010) double guarded uterine swabs from 80 mares, aged between 3 and 22 years were collected. Mares belonged to the different breeds: Thoroughbred, Standardbred, Lipizzaner and mixed breeds. It was determined, that bacterial infection of genital organs was found in 24 mares in the examined population, and the bacterial species Streptococcus zooepidemicus was diagnosed in the 11 samples from cervical swabs. In the 5 samples, Escherichia coli was isolated, while Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pasteurella multocida were present in the 2 samples each, while the other causes and simultaneous isolation of two bacterial species are much less present. These species are: Bacillus spp. plus Escherichia coli; Streptococcus zooepidemicus plus Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli plus Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In one swab we determinated Arcanobacter pyogenes. In this examination, according to available data after natural mating, we found conception level of 43,10%, which is similar with previous reports in our country.

Growth and Death of Selected Microorganisms in Ultrafiltered Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA HAGGERTY ◽  
NORMAN N. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
D Values ◽  
D Value

Studies were made to compare the growth and death of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in skim milk concentrated by ultrafiltration to that in unconcentrated skim milk. Skim milk was volume concentrated to 2× in laboratory-scale stirred UF cells. Behavior of the organisms was analyzed in four inoculated milk samples: 2× retentate, 1× water-diluted retentate, milk equivalent (retentate plus permeate) and unconcentrated skim milk. Growth of each organism and of total aerobes did not vary in the four milk samples at either 7 or 13°C. For S. faecalis and E. coli, D-values for samples heated to 62.7°C did not significantly differ in the four milk samples (p>0.01). The D-value of S. aureus in water-diluted retentate was slightly but significantly lower than those in the other three milk samples (p<0.01), possibly due to the lowered lactose level in this sample.

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Meat Pies from Retail Sale in England 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIM McLAUCHLIN ◽  
HEATHER AIRD ◽  
ANDRE CHARLETT ◽  
NICOLA ELVISS ◽  
ANDREW FOX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes in England associated with meat pie consumption were detected in 2012. To obtain baseline data for pies unrelated to outbreaks, 862 samples of ready-to-eat meat pies were collected at retail or from catering facilities in England in 2013 and examined to enumerate food-poisoning bacteria and indicator organisms using Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods for Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes (ISO 11290), Clostridium perfringens (ISO 21528), coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus (ISO 6888), Bacillus spp. including B. cereus (ISO 1737), Escherichia coli (ISO 16649), Enterobacteriaceae (ISO 21528), and aerobic colony counts (ACCs; ISO 4833). Microbiological quality was satisfactory in 94% of samples, borderline in 5%, and unsatisfactory in 1%. The proportion of pies from markets that were borderline or unsatisfactory significantly increased, and the proportion of borderline or unsatisfactory pies from supermarkets significantly decreased. Among the refrigerated (0 to 15°C) pies, microbiological quality significantly decreased in pies stored at >8°C and further significantly decreased at in pies stored at ambient temperature (>15 to 25°C). Samples collected at 25 to 40°C had the highest proportion of borderline or unsatisfactory results, but results improved in pies stored at >40°C. The most common cause for borderline or unsatisfactory results was elevated ACCs (5% of all samples). Within the individual microbiological parameters, borderline or unsatisfactory results resulted from elevated Enterobacteriaceae or Bacillus levels (10 samples for each), C. perfringens levels (2 samples), and S. aureus or E. coli levels (1 sample each). L. monocytogenes was recovered from one pie at <10 CFU/g. A literature review revealed a range of microbiological hazards responsible for food poisoning and meat pie consumption, and surveillance data from 1992 to 2012 from England indicated that C. perfringens was the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related Bacillus Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Gwangsu Ha ◽  
Hee-Jong Yang ◽  
Myeong-Seon Ryu ◽  
Su-Ji Jeong ◽  
Do-Youn Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Ace Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from different provinces of Korea: Chungcheung (CC), Jeolla (JL), Kyungsang (KS), and GeongGee plus Kangwon (GK) provinces, and Jeju island (JJ). Furthermore, Bacillus spp. isolated from TMK were studied to have anti-cerebrovascular disease activity and probiotic properties. Seventy-three TMK samples from different regions were collected to assess the biogenic amine contents, bacteria composition using next-generation methods, and bacterial functions using Picrust2. Bacillus spp. was isolated from the collected TMK, and their antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and angiotensin I conversion enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and probiotic properties were examined. KS TMK had lower sodium contents than the other TMK. There were no significant differences in histamine and tyramine contents among the TMK samples in different provinces. The predominant bacteria in TMK was Bacillus spp., but KS included much less Bacillus spp. and higher Enterococcus and Staphylococcus than the other TMK. Gene expression related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was higher in KS TMK than the other TMK in Picrust2. The predominant Bacillus spp. isolated from TMK was B. subtilis and B. velezensis. B. subtilis SRCM117233, SRCM117245, and SRCM117253 had antioxidant activity, whereas B. subtilis had higher fibrinolytic activity than other Bacillus spp. Only B. velezensis SRCM117254, SRCM117311, SRCM117314, and SRCM117318 had over 10% ACE inhibitory activity. In conclusion, KS had less Bacillus related to lower sodium contents than the other TMK. The specific strains of B. subtilis and B. velezensis had antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and ACE inhibitory activity, and they can be used as a starter culture to produce better quality controlled Kochujang with anti-cerebrovascular disease activities.

Enzymes of agmatine degradation and the control of their synthesis in Streptococcus faecalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
J P Simon ◽  
V Stalon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Agmatine Deiminase ◽  
Sole Energy

Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 11700 uses agmatine as its sole energy source for growth. Agmatine deiminase and putrescine carbamoyltransferase are coinduced by growth on agmatine. Glucose and arginine were found to exert catabolite repression on the agmatine deiminase pathway. Four mutants unable to utilize agmatine as an energy source, isolated from the wild-type strain, exhibited three distinct phenotypes. Two of these strains showed essentially no agmatine deiminase, one mutant showed negligible activity of putrescine carbamoyltransferase, and one mutant was defective in both activities. Two carbamate kinases are present in S. faecalis, one belonging to the arginine deiminase pathway, the other being induced by growth on agmatine. These two enzymes have the same molecular weight, 82,000, and seem quite different in size from the kinases isolated from other streptococci.

TRANSMISSION OF HOSPITAL STAPHYLOCOCCI AMONG NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Valerie Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Culture Procedure

The rate and sequence in which various body areas of the newborn infant acquire coagulase-positive staphylococci was studied in two hospitals at a time when nursery infections were not occurring. The infants became colonized rapidly on numerous body surfaces in one nursery, and more slowly and less extensively in the other. Skin and rectal cultures usually became positive before those from the nose, throat, and eye. The groin and axilla of infants in one nursery tended to become colonized before the umbilical cord; in the other nursery, colonization of the umbilical cord often preceded that of the groin or the axilla. Different body sites of an individual infant often became colonized with different strains of staphylococci, as determined by phage typing, and two strains sometimes were detected in a single site. The carrier state of the newborn infant can be assessed accurately only by culturing many body sites and by phage typing many colonies. Cultures of skin, rectum, and umbilical cord are likely to be more informative than nasal cultures, because the nose is often the last site to become colonized. The culture procedure which is most likely to portray the carrier state may have to be determined independently for each hospital nursery to be studied. It may be difficult to prevent acquisition of hospital strains by applying bacteriostatic substances to the umbilical cord stump or portions of the skin because of the extent to which staphylococci multiply upon the skin, mucous membranes, and perhaps within the intestinal tract.

Prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage in companion animals: a survey of dogs, cats and horses

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. LOEFFLER ◽  
D. U. PFEIFFER ◽  
J. A. LINDSAY ◽  
R. J. SOARES MAGALHÃES ◽  
D. H. LLOYD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

SUMMARYWe investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a convenience sample of purposely selected populations of dogs, cats and horses in the Greater London area. Swabs from carriage sites were pooled, enriched and processed by standard bacteriological methods. The presence of nuc and mecA was confirmed for MRSA. Risk factors were investigated among veterinary treatment group animals using exact logistic regression analysis. Twenty-six (1·53%) MRSA carriers were identified in the 1692 animals (15/704 dogs, 8/540 cats, 3/152 horses). Animals presenting for veterinary treatment more frequently carried MRSA than healthy animals (OR 7·27, 95% CI 2·18–24·31, P<0·001). Concurrent carriage of non-MRSA coagulase-positive staphylococci was associated with MRSA carriage (OR 0·088, 95% CI 0·016–0·31, P<0·001); none of the other 13 putative risk factors was significant. MRSA carriage was rare in the selected companion animal populations. The absence of typical risk factors indicates that companion animals act as contaminated vectors rather than as true reservoirs.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Incisional Site Staphylococcus spp. to Three Common Perioperative Antimicrobials in Dogs Undergoing Clean Orthopaedic Procedures

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e158-e163
Author(s):  
Po-Yen Chou ◽  
Duane Robinson ◽  
Amy S. Kapatkin ◽  
Steven E. Epstein ◽  
Michelle A. Giuffrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of the incisional site Staphylococcus spp. to three commonly used perioperative antimicrobials in dogs. Materials and Methods A cohort of client-owned dogs was included in this prospective observational study. After induction of general anaesthesia and hair clipping, culture samples were collected from the incisional site of healthy dogs before orthopaedic surgery. The isolated colonies were identified. The susceptibility pattern of staphylococcal isolates was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute standards. The staphylococcal susceptibilities to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime were compared with cefazolin using two-sided equality of proportions test. Results A total of 391 bacterial isolates were identified in 115 dogs. Bacillus spp. (n = 200) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 95) were the most common bacteria isolated. Coagulase- positive and -negative staphylococci were isolated in 44 and 38% of dogs respectively. Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime staphylococcal susceptibilities were 68, 77 and 76% respectively. There were no significant differences in Staphylococcus spp. susceptibility between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime and cefazolin (p = 0.19, p = 0.25). Thirty-six per cent of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 6% of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated were methicillin resistant. Conclusion Cefazolin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime had similar susceptibilities for staphylococcal isolates. Routine use of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or cefpodoxime in replace of cefazolin should be practiced with caution.

scholarly journals Identification and resistance profile of gram positive bacteria from aquatic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e226101321182
Author(s):  
Thais Reis Oliveira ◽  
Raylane Pereira Gomes ◽  
Ariadne Bernardes Rodrigues ◽  
Leandro Martins Ferreira ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The Meia Ponte River – Goiás/Brazil, is responsible for benefiting about 2 million people in Goiás State. However, the increase in pollution with the disposal of sewage, chemicals and drug remains have contributed to the increase in bacterial resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify and analyze the resistance profile of gram-positive bacteria present in raw water and sediment of the Meia Ponte River – Goiás. The samples were collected from four sampling points and two collections were carried out, one in the dry season and the other in the rainy season. The isolated bacteria were identificated, then the antibiogram was performed. A total of 75 strains were isolated, 72.0% (54/75) of Streptococcus spp., 12.0% (9/75) of Staphylococcus spp., 9.3% (7/75) of Bacillus spp. and 6.7% (5/75) of Enterococcus spp. Furthermore, 52.0% (39/75) of the isolated strains were from raw water and 48.0% (36/75) were isolated from the sediment. Among the samples, strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. showed greater resistance to antimicrobials, on the other hand, Enterococcus spp. showed less resistance. Some strains of Bacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. presented multidrug resistant, Staphylococcus spp. showed multidrug resistant and some pan-drug resistant. In the correlation of Spearman Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated, were the ones that presented the most significant correlations (p < 0.05). Thus, the study shows the importance of ascertaining the resistance profile of this group of bacteria that aquatic environment.

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