Isolation of sporopollenin from four myxobacteria

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Strohl ◽  
John M. Larkin ◽  
Barry H. Good ◽  
Russell L. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetative Cells

Sporopollenin, a resistance material previously found only in algae, fungi, pollen grains, and in some plant spores, has been found in four species of Myxococcus. Sporopollenin was isolated from vegetative cells and myxospores of the myxobacteria tested but it was not detected in any of the other bacteria tested.

Aspidistra revoluta, a new species from limestone areas in Chongqing, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Si-rong Yi ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Yu-jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
A New Species

Aspidistra revoluta (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from limestone areas in southern Chongqing Municipality, China. The new species can be distinguished from the other Aspidistra species by its unique umbrella-like pistil with large revolute stigma lobes that bent downwards and touch the base of the perigone. A detailed morphological comparison among A. revoluta, A. nanchuanensis and A. carnosa is provided. The pollen grains of A. revoluta are subspherical and inaperturate, with verrucous exine. The chromosome number is 2n = 38, and the karyotype is formulated as 2n = 22m + 6sm + 10st. The average length of chromosome complement is 4.50 μm, and the karyotype asymmetry indexes A1 and A2 are respectively 0.37±0.03 and 0.49±0.01.

Pollen morphology of Sabinaria magnifica (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Raul Bogota ◽  
Carina Hoorn ◽  
Wim Star ◽  
Rob Langelaan ◽  
Hannah Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sabinaria magnifica is so far the only known species in the recently discovered tropical palm genus Sabinaria (Arecaceae). Here we present a complete description of the pollen morphology of this palm species based on light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also made SEM-based comparisons of Sabinaria with other genera within the tribe Cryosophileae. Pollen grains of Sabinaria magnifica resemble the other genera in the heteropolar, slightly asymmetric monads, and the monosulcate and tectate exine with perforate surface. Nevertheless, there are some clear differences with Thrinax, Chelyocarpus and Cryosophila in terms of aperture and exine. S. magnifica differs from its closest relative, Itaya amicorum, in the exine structure. This study shows that a combination of microscope techniques is essential for the identification of different genera within the Cryosophileae and may also be a necessary when working with other palynologically less distinct palm genera. 

scholarly journals Palynology of the Genus Stachytarpheta Vahl. (Verbenaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Olubukola ADEDEJI
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Stachytarpheta Cayennensis ◽  
Exine Morphology

The exine morphology of pollen grains of Stachytarpheta indica (Linn.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl and Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl is reported. This study was carried out with a light microscope. Pollen grains from fresh anthers were collected and aceolysed. Statistical analysis used to analyse the data collected include cluster analysis, correlation analysis, similarity and distance indices. The pollen grains are spheroidal to oblate to sub-oblate in shape. They are aperturate, both colpate and porate. Tricolpate types occur most frequently, acolpate, monocolpate, bicolpate and tetracolpate types less frequently. The multicolpate and multiporate attributes in all the species indicate that the genus is not primitive in evolutionary history and this species probably, evolved around in the same time. According to the size, the pollen grains of the genus falls into groups permagna (pollen diameter 100-200 μm) and giganta (pollen diameter greater than 200 μm). S. cayennensis and S. anguistifolia belong to group permagna and S. indica only in the group giganta. This separates S. indica from the other two species. The large pollen grain size in the genus clearly supports the fact that the flowers in the genus are more insect-and-bird pollinated than wind pollinated. The similarity and distance indices of the species showed that S. cayennensis and S. angustifolia are the closest. S. indica is closer to S. angustifolia but farther from S. cayennensis.

scholarly journals Pollen adaptation to ant pollination: a case study from the Proteaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Delnevo ◽  
Eddie J van Etten ◽  
Nicola Clemente ◽  
Luna Fogu ◽  
Evelina Pavarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Ant Pollination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Floral Visitors

Abstract Background and Aims Ant–plant associations are widely diverse and distributed throughout the world, leading to antagonistic and/or mutualistic interactions. Ant pollination is a rare mutualistic association and reports of ants as effective pollinators are limited to a few studies. Conospermum (Proteaceae) is an insect-pollinated genus well represented in the south-western Australia biodiversity hotspot, and here we aimed to evaluate the role of ants as pollinators of C. undulatum. Methods Pollen germination after contact with several species of ants and bees was tested for C. undulatum and five co-flowering species for comparison. We then sampled the pollen load of floral visitors of C. undulatum to assess whether ants carried a pollen load sufficient to enable pollination. Lastly, we performed exclusion treatments to assess the relative effect of flying- and non-flying-invertebrate floral visitors on the reproduction of C. undulatum. For this, we measured the seed set under different conditions: ants exclusion, flying-insects exclusion and control. Key Results Pollen of C. undulatum, along with the other Conospermum species, had a germination rate after contact with ants of ~80 % which did not differ from the effect of bees; in contrast, the other plant species tested showed a drop in the germination rate to ~10 % following ant treatments. Although ants were generalist visitors, they carried a pollen load with 68–86 % of suitable grains. Moreover, ants significantly contributed to the seed set of C. undulatum. Conclusions Our study highlights the complexity of ant–flower interactions and suggests that generalizations neglecting the importance of ants as pollinators cannot be made. Conospermum undulatum has evolved pollen with resistance to the negative effect of ant secretions on pollen grains, with ants providing effective pollination services to this threatened species.

Lack of visible post-pollination effects in pollen grains of two Dendrobium cultivars: relationship with pollinia ACC, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanjana Luangsuwalai ◽  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Apinya Wisutiamonkul ◽  
Wouter G. van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Acc Content

Dendrobium flowers, pollinated with pollinia from individuals of the same cultivar or other cultivars, usually show rapid post-pollination effects such as floral epinasty, a change in flower colour and early perianth senescence. However, pollination with the pollinia of cv. Karen or cv. Kenny flowers did not produce these effects. We compared these two cultivars with cvv. Pompadour, Willie and Sakura, and tested the hypotheses that the differences were related to levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the pollinia, ethylene production by the pollinated flower, pollen germination, or pollen tube growth. The pollinia of cvv. Karen and Kenny contained as much ACC as the pollinia of cv. Pompadour, but less than the pollinia of cvv. Willie and Sakura. Ethylene production after pollination with cvv. Karen and Kenny pollinia was much lower than after pollination with pollinia from the other cultivars tested. The pollen grains showed normal germination, but cvv. Karen and Kenny pollen grains exhibited much less tube growth than those of the other cultivars. Pollen tube growth in cv. Pompadour was positively affected by ethylene. Ethylene was required and sufficient for the induction of epinasty, rapid perianth colour changes and early perianth senescence, very similar to the changes after pollination. The absence of these effects after pollination with cvv. Kenny and Karen seems to be due to the low ethylene production induced by the pollinia of these cultivars. This low ethylene production could not be accounted for by the ACC content in the pollinia of cvv. Kenny and Karen.

Electrorotation of Isolated Generative and Vegetative Cells, and of Intact Pollen Grains of Lilium longiflorum

1998 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Sukhorukov ◽  
R. Benkert ◽  
G. Obermeyer ◽  
F.-W. Bentrup ◽  
U. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Vegetative Cells

scholarly journals Morphoanatomy of Schultesia pachyphylla (Gentianaceae): a discordant pattern in the genus

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 830-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Franklin Guimarães ◽  
Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Medullary Parenchyma ◽  
Internal Phloem

Schultesia Mart. comprises 21 closely related taxa. The revision of the genus showed that Schultesia pachyphylla Griseb. and Xestaea lisianthoides Griseb. are different from other species. The aim of this study was to describe the morphoanatomy of S. pachyphylla, comparing it with other Schultesia species and X. lisianthoides, and to provide data on their geographical distribution and habitat. Morphological and anatomical data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Schultesia pachyphylla is endemic to the state of Bahia, Brazil, and is separated from the other species by having 5-merous flowers, 5-winged calyx, wings between the calyx lobes, loss of interveinal tissue on sepals during fruit maturation, dark red colored immature calyces, capsules opening from base to apex, 3-anaporate pollen grains, and epidermal papillae evident in the field. Schultesia pachyphylla has amphistomatic leaves with anisocytic stomata, uniseriate epidermis, dorsiventral mesophyll, and bicollateral vascular bundles. The stem has small wings, cortical and medullary parenchyma, and internal phloem. Foliar colleters and nectaries on leaves and stem were observed. We believe that morphological and anatomical data could support the creation of a monotypic genus or the relocation of this species into another genus. Phylogenetic analyses are in progress to define the species’ positioning.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Carapa species (Meliaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Alexsandro ZIDKO ◽  
Luiz Antônio RODRIGUES ◽  
Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira MENDONÇA ◽  
Maria Lucia ABSY ◽  
Marcos Gonçalves FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The crabwood (Carapa) represents an important source of natural resources. The objective of this work was to study the pollen morphology of the three species of Carapa (Meliaceae) registered in the Brazilian Amazon. The pollen grains were obtained from floral buds, pistillate and staminate flowers of Carapa guianensis, C. surinamensis and C. vasquezii. In order to explore the taxonomic implications of the pollen study for these species of Carapa, lactic acetolysis method was used for light microscopy study. Furthermore, the non-acetolyzed material was used in the study of the scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the three Carapa species present little variations in pollen morphology. Compared to the other species this study, Carapa vasquezii has higher values for the length and width of endoaperture; however, it has lower values for polar and equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view and apocolpium side.

scholarly journals Análise Palinotaxonômica e Bioestratigráfica da Subturma Monosaccites na Bacia do Paraná, Brasil. II: Gêneros Costatascyclus, Circumplicatipollis, Caheniasaccites, Stellapollenites e Divarisaccus

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA MOREIRA FELIX ◽  
PAULO ALVES DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracratonic Basins ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
Parana Basin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Analysis

This paper presents a taxonomic and biostratigraphic analysis of the monosaccate pollen grains related to the genera Costatascyclus Felix & Burbridge emend. Urban 1971, Circumplicatipollis Ottone & Azcuy 1988, Caheniasaccites Bose & Kar 1966, Stellapollenites Lele 1965 and Divarisaccus Venkatachala & Kar 1966 recorded in the Pensylvannian - Permian interval in the Paraná Basin. These genera are represented by seven species: Costatascyclus crenatus Felix & Burbridge 1967, Circumplicatipollis plicatus Ottone & Azcuy 1988, Caheniasaccites flavatus Bose & Kar 1966, Caheniasaccites elongatus Bose & Kar 1966, Caheniasaccites verrucosus (González-Amicón) Gutiérrez 1993, Stellapollenites talchirensis Lele 1965 and Divarisaccus stringoplicatus Ottone 1991. Among these species, C. verrucosus is recorded for the first time to the Paraná Basin. Based on analysis of samples from new localities, new slides of published sections, from scientific collections, and on the examination of available papers, synonymic lists are shown, modifying the ranges of certain species. Respective occurrences of the taxa in the other Brazilian intracratonic basins (Amazonas and Parnaíba) are also analyzed. Furthermore, main morphologic distinctive characters of these species are presented, to facilitate the identification and their use in biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analysis.

scholarly journals Determination of Five Mineral Element Contents in Pollen Grains of Different Seedling Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Male Trees Grown in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
M.A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Samir A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Study Results

This experiment was conducted to found the connection between sensible male pollinators and the content from mineral element (Zinc, Irion, Manganese, Cupper and Magnesium) in pollen grain of fifty seedling date palm male and compared it with the best selective five seedling date palm males (number 2, 10, 29, 40, 46) are appropriate and promising males for to be utilized in pollinating female date palms and mistreatment in breeding programs in previous study. Results found variations among the categories of pollen and elements. The highest concentration of zinc was found in males' number (2, 10, 40 and 46) which recorded 127,102, 115 and 122 μg/g dry weight respectively as compared to the other male trees. Also the highest concentration of iron was found in male number (40) which recorded 222 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. Moreover, notes from result excellence male number (10) in manganese concentration which recorded 202 μg/g dry weight as compared to the other male trees. In this concern, pollen grain of date palm male trees contained also, high concentrations of copper and magnesium the concentration ranging from 10 to 30 and 1320 to 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively. The best result for copper and magnesium which obtained from the selective male number (46) which recorded 30 and 1985 μg/g dry weight for copper and magnesium respectively as compared to the other male trees. From all the results we can conclude that the date palm pollen grain was as rich source of important minerals, so its suitability as a regular component in plant and human diet.

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