Biodegradation of petroleum by Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell ◽  
L. Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Saturated And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Sediment Bacteria ◽  
South Louisiana

Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria from oil-contaminated and oil-free environments were compared for their ability to utilize a South Louisiana crude oil. Preferential solubility, column chromatography, gas–liquid chromatography, and computerized mass spectrometry were used to provide new and useful information regarding biodegradation of fractions and components of the crude oil. Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-contaminated sediment, whereas coryneforms and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-free sediment. Microorganisms from the oil-free sediment produced greater quantities of polar n-pentane-insoluble components (asphaltenes) after degradation, whereas microorganisms from the oil-contaminated sediments provided greater degradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol isolated from crude oil contaminated soil in Mexico that can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its whole genome sequence analyzed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo O Elufisan ◽  
Isabel C Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Omotayo O Oyedara ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
Armando Hernandez Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background: Stenotrophomonas are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria which survive in a wide range of environments. They can use many substances for their growth and are known to be intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. They have been tested for biotechnological applications, bioremediation and antimicrobial agents because of their recalcitrant nature to many toxic compounds. Method. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil. The capability of this isolate to tolerate and degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (anthracene, anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenanthridine and xylene) was evaluated on Bush Nell Hass medium containing PAHs as the unique carbon sources. The metabolites formed after 30-day degradation of naphthalene by Pemsol were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results. Complete degradation of naphthalene at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was obtained and a newly formed catechol peak obtained from the UPLC-MS and GC-MS confirmed the degradation. The strain Pemsol lacked the ability to produce biosurfactant so that it cannot bio-emulsify PAHs. The whole genome analysis of Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol revealed a wealth of genes for hydrocarbon utilization and interaction with the environment and the presence of 147 genes associated with the degradation of PAHs, some of which are strain-specific on the genomic islands. Few genes are associated with bio-emulsification indicated that Pemsol without biosurfactant production has a genetic basis. This is the first report of the complete genome analysis sequence of a PAH-degrading Stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol possesses features that makes it a good bacterium for genetic engineering and will therefore be a good tool for the remediation of crude oil or PAH-contaminated soil.

Some effects of petroleum on estuarine and marine microorganisms

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
Autochthonous Bacteria ◽  
Sediment Bacteria ◽  
South Louisiana

Degradation of mixed hydrocarbon substrate in a system comprising water from an environment relatively free of oil and a sediment inoculum from an oil-contaminated site was significantly greater than when sediment from the non-oil-contaminated environment served as inoculum. Mixed hydrocarbon substrate, however, was observed to have a limiting effect on the growth of autochthonous bacteria from the non-oil-contaminated estuarine source. Growth and cell yield were similarly reduced when marine sediment bacteria were cultured in seawater supplemented with mixed hydrocarbon substrate. The addition of a South Louisiana crude oil or a No. 2 fuel oil to water and sediment collected from a marsh area of Chesapeake Bay showed no limiting effects on growth of the total heterotrophic microbial flora when examined over a 28-day period. However, results of these studies indicate that the effects of petroleum on microorganisms should be examined carefully under conditions closely approximating those in situ.

BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT OIL RESIDUES FOUR YEARS FOLLOWING THE MARTINEZ SPILL

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 864-865
Author(s):  
Paul D. Boehm ◽  
Helder J. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Petrogenic Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
Suisun Bay ◽  
Sentinel Organisms

ABSTRACT Transplanted bivalves were used as sentinel organisms to assess bioavailability of San Joaquin Valley (SJV) crude oil residues in impacted sediments four years following the 1988 Shell Martinez Refinery spill in Suisun Bay, California. Sediments, bivalves exposed for three months, and control (unexposed) bivalves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study documented a range of weathering stages, and a range of mixtures of SJV crude oil with another petrogenic source, pyrogenic PAHs, and diagenic alkyl PAHs in Peyton Slough intertidal sediments four years following the spill. Less-weathered SJV oil residues remaining in the estuarine sediments were more bioavailable than the intermediate or advanced weathered residues, and more bioavailable than the pyrogenic PAHs that comprise the background PAHs in the Suisun Bay sediments.

scholarly journals Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol isolated from crude oil contaminated soil in Mexico that can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its whole genome sequence analyzed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo O Elufisan ◽  
Isabel C Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Omotayo O Oyedara ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
Armando Hernandez Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background: Stenotrophomonas are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria which survive in a wide range of environments. They can use many substances for their growth and are known to be intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. They have been tested for biotechnological applications, bioremediation and antimicrobial agents because of their recalcitrant nature to many toxic compounds. Method. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil. The capability of this isolate to tolerate and degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (anthracene, anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenanthridine and xylene) was evaluated on Bush Nell Hass medium containing PAHs as the unique carbon sources. The metabolites formed after 30-day degradation of naphthalene by Pemsol were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results. Complete degradation of naphthalene at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was obtained and a newly formed catechol peak obtained from the UPLC-MS and GC-MS confirmed the degradation. The strain Pemsol lacked the ability to produce biosurfactant so that it cannot bio-emulsify PAHs. The whole genome analysis of Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol revealed a wealth of genes for hydrocarbon utilization and interaction with the environment and the presence of 147 genes associated with the degradation of PAHs, some of which are strain-specific on the genomic islands. Few genes are associated with bio-emulsification indicated that Pemsol without biosurfactant production has a genetic basis. This is the first report of the complete genome analysis sequence of a PAH-degrading Stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol possesses features that makes it a good bacterium for genetic engineering and will therefore be a good tool for the remediation of crude oil or PAH-contaminated soil.

Geochemistry of the Organic Matter of Ulug-Khem Basin Coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1239
Author(s):  
D.A. Bushnev ◽  
S.A. Ondar ◽  
N.S. Burdel’naya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Hydrocarbon ◽  
Rock Eval

Abstract —The composition of the organic matter (OM) of coals of the Ulug-Khem Basin has been studied. According to Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, this OM is a type III kerogen, sometimes significantly oxidized. The coal of low-grade metamorphism has a high hydrocarbon potential. Based on the gas–liquid chromatography and chromatography–mass spectrometry data on the distribution of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, polycyclic biomarkers, and aromatic hydrocarbons, we have established the composition of the primary OM of the coals and the grade of OM metamorphism. The primary OM of the coals consists mainly of remains of aquatic vegetation and terrigenous OM. The latter includes conifer remains, which are identified from the presence of 4β(H)-19-norisopimarane in the aliphatic fraction of bitumen and from the domination of retene over cadalene and 6-isopropyl-1-isohexyl-2-methylnaphthalene in the aromatic fraction.

Identification of aromatic hydrocarbons in high-boiling fraction of pyrolysis oil by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Novrocík ◽  
Marta Novrocíková ◽  
Antonín Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil

Capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry have been used for identification of most main high-boiling components of fraction of pyrolysis oil (boiling point 250 to 350° C under normal pressure) especially those boiling above the b.p. of acenaphthene. All methyl homologues of acenaphthene, phenanthrene, some isomeric methylfluorenes, trimethyl- and methylethyl naphthenes, phenylnaphthalenes, dimethylbiphenyls, benzindans, methylbenzindans and other aromatic hydrocarbons have been prepared as standards. In connection with the preparation of some trimethyl- and methylethylnaphthalenes a discussion is presented of the course of chloromethylation and acetylation of 1- and 2-methyl- and 2-ethylnaphthalenes. Content of methyl-homologues of some hydrocarbons (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene) in the high-boiling fraction of pyrolysis oil has been compared with that present in similar fraction of coal tar.

Microbial petroleum degradation: application of computerized mass spectrometry

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell ◽  
L. Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
South Louisiana

An analytical procedure is presented for obtaining detailed characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons which undergo microbial degradation. The procedure includes column chromatographic separation and characterization of the resulting fractions by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The use of computerized low-resolution mass spectrometry is offered as a method for assessing microbial degradation of petroleum. This method provides information which cannot, at the present time, be obtained by other available analytical methods. Use of this method to evaluate degradation of a South Louisiana crude oil by a mixed culture of estuarine bacteria revealed that asphaltenes and resins increased by 28% after degradation, while saturates and aromatics decreased by 83.4% and 70.5%, respectively. Most of the normal and branched-chain alkanes were degraded (96.4%), but an increase in long-chain alkanes (C28–C32) after degradation was observed by gas–liquid chromatography. Susceptibility of cycloalkanes to degradation was less as the structure varied, i.e., 6-ring > 1-ring > 2-ring > 3-ring > 5-ring > 4-ring. Susceptibility of aromatic components to degradation decreased with increase in the number of rings, viz., monoaromatics > diaromatics > triaromatics > tetraaromatics > pentaaromatics. Aromatic nuclei containing sulfur were twice as refractory as non-sulfur analogs.

scholarly journals Geochemical Assessment of the Biodegradation Levels of Some Crude Oils from Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oraegbunam CI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Diagnostic Ratio ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Saturated And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Geochemical Assessment

Coastal swamp crude oil samples obtained from Clough creek, Azuzuama and Tebidaba oil fields were analyzed to obtain their biodegradation rankings. The studied samples were fractionated by column chromatography into saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The saturated hydrocarbons were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Some diagnostic ratios such as C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph), (Pr+Ph)/(nC 17 +nC 18 ) and C 29 αβ 25 norhopane/C 30 αβhopane were used in assessing the biodegradation rankings. Though biodegradation was evident in the studied samples, their individual levels were compared based on these ratios. Assessment of the crude oil samples using C 29 αβ25norhopane/C 30 αβhopane ratio show that the oils from AZU ST and TEB12 are more degraded when compared to oils from WELL 2. Consequently, (Pr+Ph)/ (nC 17 +nC 18) ratios show that TEB 12 is the most degraded while WELL 2 is the least degraded. AZU ST was also shown as the most degraded oil using C 30 αβhopane/(Pr+Ph) diagnostic ratio.

Biodegradation rates of components of petroleum

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1209-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell ◽  
L. Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Total Residue ◽  
Microbial Biodegradation ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
South Louisiana

Rates of microbial biodegradation of components of South Louisiana crude oil were determined by computer analysis of data obtained from computerized mass spectrometry. Total residue of the oil decreased exponentially with time, with maximum decrease noted at logarithmic phase, whereas asphaltenes and resins increased at the logarithmic phase of growth. Saturates decreased continuously during growth. Microbial degradation of components of crude oil was concluded to be a dynamic process.

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