Some effects of petroleum on estuarine and marine microorganisms

J. D. Walker; R. R. Colwell

doi:10.1139/m75-044

Some effects of petroleum on estuarine and marine microorganisms

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m75-044 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 305-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. D. Walker ◽

R. R. Colwell

Keyword(s):

Chesapeake Bay ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Marsh Area ◽

Autochthonous Bacteria ◽

Sediment Bacteria ◽

South Louisiana

Degradation of mixed hydrocarbon substrate in a system comprising water from an environment relatively free of oil and a sediment inoculum from an oil-contaminated site was significantly greater than when sediment from the non-oil-contaminated environment served as inoculum. Mixed hydrocarbon substrate, however, was observed to have a limiting effect on the growth of autochthonous bacteria from the non-oil-contaminated estuarine source. Growth and cell yield were similarly reduced when marine sediment bacteria were cultured in seawater supplemented with mixed hydrocarbon substrate. The addition of a South Louisiana crude oil or a No. 2 fuel oil to water and sediment collected from a marsh area of Chesapeake Bay showed no limiting effects on growth of the total heterotrophic microbial flora when examined over a 28-day period. However, results of these studies indicate that the effects of petroleum on microorganisms should be examined carefully under conditions closely approximating those in situ.

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Biodegradation of petroleum by Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m76-063 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 423-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. D. Walker ◽

R. R. Colwell ◽

L. Petrakis

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Chesapeake Bay ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Contaminated Sediment ◽

Saturated And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Sediment Bacteria ◽

South Louisiana

Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria from oil-contaminated and oil-free environments were compared for their ability to utilize a South Louisiana crude oil. Preferential solubility, column chromatography, gas–liquid chromatography, and computerized mass spectrometry were used to provide new and useful information regarding biodegradation of fractions and components of the crude oil. Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-contaminated sediment, whereas coryneforms and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-free sediment. Microorganisms from the oil-free sediment produced greater quantities of polar n-pentane-insoluble components (asphaltenes) after degradation, whereas microorganisms from the oil-contaminated sediments provided greater degradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Air Concentrations of Gaseous Elemental Mercury and Vegetation–Air Fluxes within Saltmarshes of the Tagus Estuary, Portugal

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Rute Cesário ◽

Nelson J. O’Driscoll ◽

Sara Justino ◽

Claire E. Wilson ◽

Carlos E. Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Elemental Mercury ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Tagus Estuary ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Gaseous Elemental Mercury ◽

Mercury Flux ◽

Sarcocornia Fruticosa ◽

Air Concentrations

In situ air concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) and vegetation–atmosphere fluxes were quantified in both high (Cala Norte, CN) and low-to-moderate (Alcochete, ALC) Hg-contaminated saltmarsh areas of the Tagus estuary colonized by plant species Halimione portulacoides (Hp) and Sarcocornia fruticosa (Sf). Atmospheric Hg(0) ranged between 1.08–18.15 ng m−3 in CN and 1.18–3.53 ng m−3 in ALC. In CN, most of the high Hg(0) levels occurred during nighttime, while the opposite was observed at ALC, suggesting that photoreduction was not driving the air Hg(0) concentrations at the contaminated site. Vegetation–air Hg(0) fluxes were low in ALC and ranged from −0.76 to 1.52 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Hp and from −0.40 to 1.28 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Sf. In CN, higher Hg fluxes were observed for both plants, ranging from −9.90 to 15.45 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Hp and from −8.93 to 12.58 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Sf. Mercury flux results at CN were considered less reliable due to large and fast variations in the ambient air concentrations of Hg(0), which may have been influenced by emissions from the nearby chlor-alkali plant, or historical contamination. Improved experimental setup, the influence of high local Hg concentrations and the seasonal activity of the plants must be considered when assessing vegetation–air Hg(0) fluxes in Hg-contaminated areas.

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Assessment of Heavy Metals Content in the Proximity of a Contaminated Site From Cluj-Napoca (Romania)

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ambientum ◽

10.24193/subbambientum.2020.2.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 17-37

Author(s):

Georgiana Grosu ◽

◽

Carmen Andreea Roba ◽

Ramona Bălc ◽

Maria Lucia Bizău-Cârstea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Sediment Contamination ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Physico Chemical

The present study was conducted in the proximity of a contaminated site from Cluj-Napoca city (Cluj County, Romania), where metal processing activities have been carried out for decades. Metal content and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in soil, water and sediment samples, while organic matter (OM) and total organic carbon (TOC) was additionally analyzed for the soil samples. The sources of heavy metals were evaluated based on multivariate statistical analysis, while the soil and sediment contamination degree was assessed based on specific pollution indices. The calculated indices indicated a significant pollution with Cd and Pb, which may represent a risk if the area would become a residential area. Keywords: heavy metals, contaminated site, soil pollution indices, multivariate statistical analysis, Cluj-Napoca

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MASSIVE USE OF BERM RELOCATION AND SURFWASHING DURING THE 2006 JYEH OIL SPILL (LEBANON): THE ACCURATE RESPONSE FOR BEACHES CLEANUP

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-331 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (1) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernard Fichaut ◽

Bahr Loubnan

Keyword(s):

Surf Zone ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Shallow Waters ◽

Power Station ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Sediment Removal ◽

Calm Weather ◽

Oily Waste

ABSTRACT Following the bombardment of the Jyeh power station in Lebanon on July 16 2006, about 10 to 15000 tons of heavy fuel oil drifted 150 km northward all the way to the Syrian border. Because of the continuing war, the cleanup operations could not start until early September. The response consisted of conceptually dividing the coast line into several sectors managed by various operators; from Jyeh to Beyrouth, a 34.5 km stretch of shoreline, the treatment of beaches was assigned to the lebanese N.G.O “Bahr Loubnan’. In this area, 5.3 km of sandy and gravel beaches appeared to be heavily oiled on a width that seldomly exceeded 10 m. Oil was found buried down to a depth of 1.8 m at several locations. Additionnally oil was also found sunken in shallow waters in the breaker zones of numerous beaches. In order to minimize sediment removal and production of oily waste to be treated, it was decided to operate massive treatmenN in situ. After manual recovery of stranded oil, about 12,000 m of sediment including 1,000 m of cobbles have been relocated in the surf zone. Despite the lack of tides and of the generally calm weather conditions, surfwashing was very efficient due mainly to the fact that, in non tidal conditions, sediments are continuously reworked by wave açtion which operates at the same level on the beaches. Only 540 m of heavily oiled sand, was removed from beaches and submitted for further treatment. The lack of appropriate sorbents material in Lebanon to capture the floating oil released by surfwahing was also a challenge. This was addressed by using locally Nmanufactured sorbents, which proved to be very efficient and 60 m of sorbent soaked with oil were produced during the cleanup.

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In-situ and real-time measurements for effective soil and contaminated site management

Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management ◽

10.1201/b19954-11 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 271-368

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Site Management

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Sorptive remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using mixed mineral and graphene/carbon-based materials

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en18156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 472 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Supriya Lath ◽

Divina A. Navarro ◽

Dusan Losic ◽

Anupama Kumar ◽

Michael J. McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Binding Strength ◽

Iron Mineral ◽

Remediation Strategies ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Site Water

Environmental contextPer- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are contaminants of emerging concern, creating a need to develop efficient multi-functional adsorbents for improved remediation performance. By exploiting the versatility of graphene technology, we demonstrate that combining mineral and carbonaceous phases greatly increases and strengthens PFAS-binding to the adsorbent. The study highlights the benefits and potential applications of mixed adsorbents in PFAS-remediation. AbstractAs the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is energy-intensive, there is a need to develop in situ remediation strategies to manage PFAS-contamination. The sorption of PFOA by graphene oxide (GO), an iron-oxide-modified reduced-GO composite (FeG) and an activated-carbon(C)/clay/alumina-based adsorbent, RemBindTM (RemB), are evaluated. Sorption by FeG and RemB (>90%) is much greater than GO (60%). While an increase in pH hinders PFOA-sorption by GO, owing to the increased repulsion of anionic PFOA, variations in pH and ionic strength do not significantly influence PFOA-sorption by FeG and RemB, which indicates that binding is predominantly controlled by non-electrostatic forces. Hydrophobic interactions are assumed at the graphene or C-surface for all adsorbents, with added ligand-exchange mechanisms involving the associated Fe- and Al-minerals in FeG and RemB, respectively. Desorption of adsorbed PFOA is greatest in methanol, compared to water, toluene, or hexane, which provides estimates of the binding strength and reversibility from an environmental-partitioning perspective; i.e. risk of remobilisation of bound PFOA owing to rainfall events is low, but the presence of polar organic solvents may increase leaching risk. Iron-mineral-functionalisation of GO enhances the amount of PFOA adsorbed (by 30%) as well as the binding strength, which highlights the advantage of combining mineral and C-phases. Successful sorption of a range of PFASs from a contaminated-site water sample highlights the potential of using ‘mixed’ adsorbents like FeG and RemB in situ for PFAS-remediation, as they provide avenues for enhanced sorption through multiple mechanisms.

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Laboratory-Scale Biodegradation of Fuel Oil No. 6 in Contaminated Soils by Autochthonous Bacteria

Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation ◽

10.5772/intechopen.70350 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hilda Amelia Piñón-Castillo ◽

Daniel Lardizabal Gutiérrez ◽

Francisco Javier Zavala-Díaz de la Serna ◽

Daniel Hernández-Castillo ◽

Laila N. Muñoz-Castellanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Autochthonous Bacteria

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In Situ Generated Nanosized Sulfide Ni-W Catalysts Based on Zeolite for the Hydrocracking of the Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into the BTX Fraction

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10101152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1152

Author(s):

Tatiana Kuchinskaya ◽

Mariia Kniazeva ◽

Vadim Samoilov ◽

Anton Maximov

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Active Phase ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Oil Fraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Catalytically Active ◽

Pyrolysis Fuel Oil ◽

Benzene Toluene ◽

Catalytic Reactivity

The hydrocracking reaction of a pyrolysis fuel oil fraction using in situ generated nano-sized NiWS-sulfide catalysts is studied. The obtained catalysts were defined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The features of catalytically active phase generation, as well as its structure and morphology were considered. The catalytic reactivity of in situ generated catalysts was evaluated using the hydrocracking reaction of pyrolysis fuel oil to obtain a light fraction to be used as a feedstock for benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) production. It was demonstrated that the temperature of 380 °C, pressure of 5 MPa, and catalyst-to-feedstock ratio of 4% provide for a target fraction (IPB −180 °C) yield of 44 wt %, and the BTX yield of reaching 15 wt %.

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