ICMSF methods studies. IV. International collaborative assay for the detection of Salmonella in raw meat

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
International Collaborative ◽  
Raw Meats

An international collaborative assay of methods for the isolation of Salmonella from raw meats showed that more positive samples were identified when enrichment broth was incubated at 43C than at 35C. The choice of enrichment broth appears to be influenced by the serotype involved. Selenite brilliant green sulfa broth was the best enrichment medium for S. schwartzengrund, S. typhimurium, and S. dublin while selenite cystine broth was best for S. senftenberg. With S. newport and S. worthington no significant difference between tetrathionate broth and selenite brilliant green sulfa broth was apparent. While bismuth sulfite agar was successful for isolations from positive samples, it gave a large number of false-positive isolates when used with Salmonella-negative samples. This did not happen with the brilliant green agars used. Best results from selective agars were obtained when laboratories were allowed to choose their own, indicating that familiarity with a medium plays a significant role in its suitability for the isolation of Salmonella.

Clinical outcomes of a false positive antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Salmanian ◽  
Amir A. Shamshirsaz ◽  
Karin Fox ◽  
nazlisadat meshinchi asl ◽  
Hadi Erfani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Objective: Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is critical to reduce maternal morbidity. While clinical outcomes of women with PAS have been extensively described, little information is available regarding the women who undergo cesarean delivery with a presumptive PAS diagnosis which is not confirmed by histopathologic examination. We sought to examine resource utilization and clinical outcomes of this group of women with a false-positive diagnosis of PAS. Study design: Retrospective analysis of patients with prenatally diagnosed PAS cared for between 2015 and 2020 by our multidisciplinary PAS team. Maternal outcomes were examined. Univariate analysis was performed and a multivariate model was employed to compare outcomes between women with and without histopathologically confirmed PAS. Results: A total of 162 patients delivered with the pre-operative diagnosis of PAS. Of these, 146 (90%) underwent hysterectomy and had histopathologic confirmation of PAS. Thirteen women did not undergo the planned hysterectomy. Three women underwent hysterectomy but pathologic examination did not confirm PAS. In comparing women with and without pathologic confirmation of PAS, the false positive PAS group delivered later in pregnancy (34 vs. 33 weeks of gestation, P=0.015) and had more planned surgery (88% vs. 47%, P = 0.002). There was no difference in skin incision type or hysterotomy placement for delivery. No significant difference in either the estimated blood loss or blood components transfused was noted between groups. Conclusion: Careful intraoperative evaluation of women with pre-operatively presumed PAS resulted in a 3/149 (2%) retrospectively unnecessary hysterectomy. Management of women with PAS in experienced centers benefits patients both in terms of resource utilization and avoidance of unnecessary maternal morbidity, understanding that our results are produced in a center of excellence for PAS. We also propose a management protocol to assist in the avoidance of unnecessary hysterectomy in women with the pre-operative diagnosis of PAS.

scholarly journals An outbreak of cholera in Australia due to food served in flight on an international aircraft

1974 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. A. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Illness

SUMMARYAn outbreak of cholera occurred in November 1972 among passengers on an aircraft that had flown from London to Sydney. The infection was confined to economy-class passengers and the available evidence indicates that it was due to a dish of hors d'œuvres served on the aircraft between Bahrain and Singapore. Although one person died, the infection was generally mild, and almost half of those infected were symptomless. There was a significant difference between the immunization status of persons with clinical illness and the immunization status of other passengers. Current cholera immunization appeared to play a significant role in preventing symptoms of the disease, but it did not prevent a person becoming a carrier of the organism.

Autoimmune Antibody in Encephalopathic Patients: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Acute Encephalopathy ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
False Positive Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To investigate the specificity of the antibodies related to autoimmune encephalitis and to identify possible associated factors with the false-positive result. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study, conducted at the Ramathibodi Hospital between June and December 2019. All patients, who had acute to subacute encephalopathy from any causes, were recruited to the study. Their serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were taken to analyze for autoimmune encephalitis assays and anti-thyroid antibodies. The authors did not interfere with the primary physicians on any management of the patients. Clinical and laboratory data were systematically reviewed and collected from medical records. The clinical outcome was evaluated one month after the onset. Results: Fifty-one patients were recruited. Only one patient had autoimmune encephalitis related to anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibody. Seventeen out of the remaining fifty patients had positive tests for anti-thyroid antibodies of which five had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and one of them did not have the document of thyroid status. Eleven remaining patients appeared to have false-positive test since their medical conditions were all clearly explained by other causes. Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between patients with false-positive test and patients with true negative test did not show any significant difference except the duration of the symptoms, which was significantly shorter in the false-positive group. Conclusion: False-positive anti-thyroid antibodies appear to be common in patients with acute encephalopathy. The occurrence of serum/CSF antibody in acute encephalopathy may be a true association, but it may not be the cause of encephalopathy. Therefore, the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalopathy based on anti-thyroid antibodies should be carefully made and excluded from all other possible causes. Keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis; Metabolic encephalopathy; Hashimoto’s encephalopathy; False positive

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Universal Pre-enrichment Broth for Recovery of Salmonella from Selected Dairy Foods

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S Hammack ◽  
R Miguel Amaguaña ◽  
Mildred L Johnson ◽  
Wallace H Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract The relative efficiencies of 2 Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) pre-enrichments, lactose broth (LAC) and brilliant green water (BGW), were compared with Universal Pre-enrichment (UP) broth for the recovery of individual Salmonella serovars from instant nonfat dry milk (NFDM), dry whole milk (DWM), lactic casein (LC), and liquid whole milk (LWM). BGW was compared with UP broth for the analysis of NFDM and DWM but not with the other 2 matrixes. LAC was compared with UP broth for the analysis of LC and LWM. UP broth was made both from a commercial dehydrated preparation (UPC) and from individual ingredients (UPI). Bulk quantities of the selected dairy foods were inoculated with Salmonella serovars at levels intended to produce fractionally positive results, where at least half of the test portions analyzed, with one of the methods being evaluated, would be shown to be Salmonella-positive. For NFDM, in 6 of 9 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 118 of 180 test portions with BGW, from 25 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 14 of 180 test portions with UPI. For DWM, in 2 of 4 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 67 of 80 test portions with BGW, from 36 of 80 test portions with UPC, and from 37 of 80 test portions with UPI. For LWM, in 9 of 9 experiments, with 3 different Salmonella serovars, there were no significant differences among the broths. Salmonella was recovered from 120 of 180 test portions with LAC, from 135 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 129 of 180 test portions with UPI. For LC, in 5 of 7 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, both UPI and UPC broth were significantly more productive than LAC (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 42 of 140 test portions with LAC, from 114 of 140 test portions with UPC, and from 114 of 140 test portions with UPI. In addition, overall results showed that UPC and UPI broths were equivalent for the recovery of Salmonella from the foods tested, without regard to their performance in comparison with either LAC or BGW.

Comparison of Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment Medium and Tetrathionate Brilliant Green Broth for Isolation of Salmonellae from Meat Products

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. KALAPOTHAKI ◽  
P. VASSILIADIS ◽  
CH. MAVROMMATI ◽  
D. TRICHOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Green Solution

The effectiveness of Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment medium (RV medium) and Difco's tetrathionate brilliant green broth (TBG) for detection of Salmonella in 553 samples of meat products was compared. All samples were preenriched for 20 h in buffered peptone water. Then 0.1 ml of the preenrichment was inoculated into 10 ml of RV medium, 1 ml was added to 9 ml of TBG broth, and 1 ml was inoculated into 10 ml of Muller-Kauffman (MK) tetrathionate broth. All enrichments were incubated at 43°C for 24 h, except for MK broth which was incubated for 48 h, and all were subcultured onto brilliant green deoxycholate agar and bismuth sulfite agar. The Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium was superior to Difco's tetrathionate brilliant green broth, being considerably more sensitive and more specific. The superiority of RV medium concerned the number of positive samples (36% and 28%, respectively), and also the number of Salmonella serotypes and strains. The RV medium inhibited the lactose- and sucrose-negative competing organisms much more than the Difco's tetrathionate broth. The performance of Difco and Muller-Kauffman tetrathionate brilliant green broths was similar. Addition of the brilliant green solution after boiling the tetrathionate broth slightly increased its efficacy. The effectiveness of brilliant green deoxycholate agar and bismuth sulfite agar was similar, whether after enrichment in RV medium or in any of the studied tetrathionate brilliant green broths.

scholarly journals Relationship of Sanitation Parameters with Microbial Diversity and Load in Raw Meat from the Outlets of the Metropolitan City Biratnagar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Operating Methods ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

The main aim of this study is to assess the microbial load of raw meat from outlets of Biratnagar and its relationship with several sanitation parameters. Samples were taken from meat outlets, and required microbiological procedures were followed as per guidelines. Approximately 63.6% of microbes were present in meat with poor sanitation while 36.4% were present in meat with good sanitation. Fungal contamination in poorly kept mutton was one and half times greater than chicken/mutton of good sanitation. Fungi such asPenicillium(21.3%),Mucor(16.3%),Aspergillus(15%), andTrichosporon(13.8%) were most predominant. 73.8% of meat samples containedStaphylococcusspp., 61.3% containedE. coli,48.8% ofPseudomonasspp., and 37.5% samples containedSalmonellaspp. Outlets selling both types of meat showed no significant difference in microbial types. Mean of TVC of meat is 8.2 log CFU/g. Mean TVC of mutton (7.6 log CFU/g) is lower than mean TVC of chicken/meat (8.5 log CFU/g) and differed significantly. Tiled outlets showed comparatively lower bacterial contamination than cemented outlets which was statistically significant (t = −3.16,p=0.002). With the difference among microbial type and few sanitation parameters being statistically significant, it can be suggested that outlets should be tiled (p=0.002), showcased (p=0.001), and the meat-handling employee must wear washed apron (p=0.013). Proper cleaning of water supply and use area (p≤0.001) and drainage (p=0.048) maintain a good meat sanitation (p≤0.001) which reduces microbial contamination significantly. To diminish microbiological load on meat sold in the Biratnagar city, standard operating methods should be practiced.

Mammalian Pheromone Studies, VII*. Identification of Thiazole Derivatives in the Preorbital Gland Secretions of the Grey Duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, and the Red Duiker, Cephalophus natalensis

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Burger ◽  
P. J. Pretorius ◽  
Jonine Stander ◽  
G. R. Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dihydro Derivative ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blue Duiker ◽  
Preorbital Secretion ◽  
Sylvicapra Grimmia

Abstract 2-Isobutyl-1 ,3-thiazole and its 4,5-dihydro derivative were identified in the preorbital gland secretions of the grey duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, and the red duiker, Cephalophus natalensis, but are absent from the preorbital secretion of the blue duiker, C. monticola. These two compounds which are present in high, but varying concentrations in the secretions of male grey duikers, are present in low concentrations in the secretions of females. This seems to be the only consistent significant difference between the secretions of male and female grey duikers and together with the fact that only males mark out their territories, was construed as evidence in favour of these two compounds playing a significant role in the territorial behaviour of male grey duikers.

Clinical Differentiation with the Spiral Aftereffect Technique

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Obrzut ◽  
Roger C. Thweatt
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lighting Intensity ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Time Variables

The spiral aftereffect (SAE) apparatus was administered to 100 Ss, 50 independently medically diagnosed organic patients and 50 normals matched in sex and age to the first group. Each S was given standard instructions for six trials of 30-sec. exposure time. Variables, such as rate and direction of rotation, lighting intensity, light adaptation, etc., were controlled for all Ss. Scores and percentage computations of Ss in the various diagnostic groups indicate that the spiral aftereffect test has significantly differentiated between cases of organic brain damage and those who are normal ( χ2 = 42.2, p < .01, df = 1). No differences were shown between infectious vs noninfectious organics and convulsive vs nonconvulsive organics. However, there was a significant difference between prenatal organics and postnatal organics (χ2 = 21.4, P < .01, df = 1). For the entire group there were 32% false negative classifications and 8% false positive classifications.

Impact of Including or Removing Nuchal Translucency Measurement on the Detection and False-Positive Rates of First-Trimester Down Syndrome Screening

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Spaggiari ◽  
Isabelle Czerkiewicz ◽  
Corinne Sault ◽  
Sophie Dreux ◽  
Armelle Galland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate

Introduction: First-trimester Down syndrome (DS) screening combining maternal age, serum markers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) and nuchal translucency (NT) gives an 85% detection rate for a 5% false-positive rate. These results largely depend on quality assessment of biochemical markers and of NT. In routine practice, despite an ultrasound quality control organization, NT images can be considered inadequate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consequences for risk calculation when NT measurement is not taken into account. Material and Method: Comparison of detection and false-positive rates of first-trimester DS screening (PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland), with and without NT, based on a retrospective study of 117,126 patients including 274 trisomy 21-affected fetuses. NT was measured by more than 3,000 certified sonographers. Results: There was no significant difference in detection rates between the two strategies including or excluding NT measurement (86.7 vs. 81.8%). However, there was a significant difference in the false-positive rates (2.23 vs. 9.97%, p < 0.001). Discussion: Sonographers should be aware that removing NT from combined first-trimester screening would result in a 5-fold increase in false-positive rate to maintain the expected detection rates. This should be an incentive for maintaining quality in NT measurement.

SOUND EXPOSURE AND WATER SUPPLY MODIFICATION EFFECT TOWARDS THE ROSS BROILERS GROWTH RATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashidah Ghazali ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mashitah Shikh Maidin ◽  
Shafishuhaza Sahlan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Previous research about the exposure of Mozart music and noise and the effects towards the feeding, growth rate and the stress level of the broilers were explored.Music has the ability to have a relaxing and antidepressant effect on humans, mammals and birds. Reports that music calms animals and improves productivity appear in commercial journals. The present study investigated the growth rate comparisons between the experimented broilers (Group A: water supply modification group; Group B: sound exposure group) and the control broilers (Group C: control group) in terms of weight and raw meat texture measured by shear force. The water supply modification group was given 12 litres of Yasin water twice per day while the sound exposure group were broadcasted with sound of Quran verses. Twenty-seven broilers were randomly selected from each group on Day 24 and weight measurement was carried out every week until the harvest day (Day 39). Group B showed a higher mean weight on Day 24 (1.441 ± 0.013 kg) than Group A and C. Significant difference in the weight on Day 39 existed for both Group A and B compared to Group C (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference of shear force in the same muscles (breast and drumstick raw meat) of the three groups but the shear force of the breast meat for Group A, B and C broilers was lower (p < 0.05) than that of their drumstick meat. Broadcasting the sound of the Quran verses in the coop and adding Yasin water to the broilers’ drink can be applied to improve the growth rate of broilers for producing better quality poultry.

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