Glucose utilization dependence on preferred carbon-source growth in an Arthrobacter sp.

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sokol ◽  
D. A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mixed Substrate

Arthrobacter sp., ATCC 25581, is incapable of glucose utilization except diauxically following growth on a preferred carbon source such as succinate. This phenomenon appears to be a novel mixed substrate utilization relationship.

scholarly journals Phototrophic Lactate Utilization byRhodopseudomonas palustrisIs Stimulated by Coutilization with Additional Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekhya Govindaraju ◽  
James B. McKinlay ◽  
Breah LaSarre
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Lactate Utilization

ABSTRACTThe phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteriumRhodopseudomonas palustrisis known for its metabolic versatility and is of interest for various industrial and environmental applications. Despite decades of research onR. palustrisgrowth under diverse conditions, patterns ofR. palustrisgrowth and carbon utilization with mixtures of carbon substrates remain largely unknown.R. palustrisreadily utilizes most short-chain organic acids but cannot readily use lactate as a sole carbon source. Here we investigated the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on phototrophic lactate consumption byR. palustris. We found that lactate was simultaneously utilized with a variety of other organic acids and glycerol in time frames that were insufficient forR. palustrisgrowth on lactate alone. Thus, lactate utilization byR. palustriswas expedited by its coutilization with additional substrates. Separately, experiments using carbon pairs that did not contain lactate revealed acetate-mediated inhibition of glycerol utilization inR. palustris. This inhibition was specific to the acetate-glycerol pair, asR. palustrissimultaneously utilized acetate or glycerol when either was paired with succinate or lactate. Overall, our results demonstrate that (i)R. palustriscommonly employs simultaneous mixed-substrate utilization, (ii) mixed-substrate utilization expands the spectrum of readily utilized organic acids in this species, and (iii)R. palustrishas the capacity to exert carbon catabolite control in a substrate-specific manner.IMPORTANCEBacterial carbon source utilization is frequently assessed using cultures provided single carbon sources. However, the utilization of carbon mixtures by bacteria (i.e., mixed-substrate utilization) is of both fundamental and practical importance; it is central to bacterial physiology and ecology, and it influences the utility of bacteria as biotechnology. Here we investigated mixed-substrate utilization by the model organismRhodopseudomonas palustris. Using mixtures of organic acids and glycerol, we show thatR. palustrisexhibits an expanded range of usable carbon substrates when provided substrates in mixtures. Specifically, coutilization enabled the prompt consumption of lactate, a substrate that is otherwise not readily used byR. palustris. Additionally, we found thatR. palustrisutilizes acetate and glycerol sequentially, revealing that this species has the capacity to use some substrates in a preferential order. These results provide insights intoR. palustrisphysiology that will aid the use ofR. palustrisfor industrial and commercial applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multiple-Substrate Utilization by Anthracene-Degrading Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6133-6142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Y. Wick ◽  
Natacha Pasche ◽  
Stefano M. Bernasconi ◽  
Oliver Pelz ◽  
Hauke Harms
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Stable carbon isotope analysis of biomass and analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA), and mycolic acids were used to characterize mixed-substrate utilization by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T under various substrate regimens. The distinct 13C contents of anthracene and glucose as representatives of typical hydrophobic pollutants and naturally occurring organic compounds, respectively, were monitored during formation into biomass and used to quantify the relative contributions of the two carbon sources to biomass formation. Moreover, the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on PLFA, GLFA, and mycolic acid profiles and cell surface hydrophobicity was investigated. Results revealed that M. frederiksbergense LB501T degrades anthracene and forms biomass from it even in the presence of more readily available dissolved glucose. The relative ratios of straight-chain saturated PLFA to the corresponding unsaturated PLFA and the total fraction of saturated cyclopropyl-branched PLFA of M. frederiksbergense LB501T depended on the carbon source and the various rates of addition of mixed substrates, whereas no such trend was observed with GLFA. Higher proportions of anthracene in the carbon source mixture led to higher cell surface hydrophobicities and more-hydrophobic mycolic acids, which in turn appeared to be valuable indicators for substrate utilization by M. frederiksbergense LB501T. The capability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria to utilize readily available substrates besides the poorly available PAHs favors the buildup of PAH-degrading biomass. Feeding of supplementary carbon substrates may therefore promote bioremediation, provided that it sustains the pollutant-degrading population rather than other members of the microbial community.

scholarly journals Phototrophic lactate utilization by Rhodopseudomonas palustris is stimulated by co-utilization with additional substrates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekhya Govindaraju ◽  
James B McKinlay ◽  
Breah LaSarre
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Lactate Utilization ◽  
Time Frames

The phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is known for its metabolic versatility and is of interest for various industrial and environmental applications. Despite decades of research on R. palustris growth under diverse conditions, patterns of R. palustris growth and carbon utilization with mixtures of carbon substrates remain largely unknown. R. palustris readily utilizes most short chain organic acids but cannot readily use lactate as a sole carbon source. Here we investigated the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on phototrophic lactate consumption by R. palustris. We found that lactate was simultaneously utilized with a variety of other organic acids and glycerol in time frames that were insufficient for R. palustris growth on lactate alone. Thus, lactate utilization by R. palustris was expedited by its co-utilization with additional substrates. Separately, experiments using carbon pairs that did not contain lactate revealed acetate-mediated inhibition of glycerol utilization in R. palustris. This inhibition was specific to the acetate-glycerol pair, as R. palustris simultaneously utilized acetate or glycerol when either was paired with succinate or lactate. Overall, our results demonstrate that (i) R. palustris commonly employs simultaneous mixed-substrate utilization, (ii) mixed-substrate utilization expands the spectrum of readily utilized organic acids in this species, and (iii) R. palustris has the capacity to exert carbon catabolite control in a substrate-specific manner.

Biochemical limits to microbial growth yields: An analysis of mixed substrate utilization

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. F. Gommers ◽  
B. J. van Schie ◽  
J. P. van Dijken ◽  
J. G. Kuenen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Mixed Substrate

scholarly journals Control of glucose metabolism in isolated acini of the lactating mamary gland of the rat. Effects of oleate on glucose utilization and lipogenesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Robinson ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

Oleate (1mM) had only small inhibitory effects on glucose utilization and lipogenesis in acini isolated from rat mammary gland. Esterification of [1-14C]oleate was unaffected by insulin but were decreased by 60% by acetoacetate (2mM). Glycerol (1mM), but not insulin, relieved this inhibition. These experiments provide further support for the role of acetoacetate in regulating substrate utilization by the gland.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROTOPLASTS FROM LIPOMYCES LIPOFER

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. C. Heick ◽  
H. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Lipomyces Lipofer

Lipomyces lipofer was grown aerobically in chemically defined liquid media containing glucose or citrate as a carbon source. Protoplasts were prepared by digestion of young cells with the intestinal secretions from Helix pomatia in the presence of 10% (w/v) mannitol. Differences in substrate utilization between citrate- and glucose-grown cells were noted and compared with the substrate utilization of the corresponding protoplasts. Examination of protoplasts derived from glucose- and citrate-grown cells showed that the citrate-grown organisms yielded morphologically and metabolically more stable protoplasts. The effects of hypotonic conditions on the metabolic activity of protoplasts as well as the consequences of supplementation of these protoplasts with cofactors have been described.

scholarly journals PAOX1 expression in mixed-substrate continuous cultures of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is completely determined by methanol uptake regardless of the secondary carbon source: a simplifying principle for predicting recombinant protein production.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Singh ◽  
Atul Narang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Komagataella Phaffii ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hyperbolic Curve ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
Secondary Carbon

The expression of recombinant proteins by the AOX1 promoter of Komagataella phaffii is typically induced by adding methanol to the cultivation medium. Since growth on methanol imposes a high oxygen demand, the medium is often supplemented with an additional "secondary" carbon source which serves to reduce the consumption of methanol, and hence, oxygen. Early research recommended the use of glycerol as the secondary carbon source, but more recent studies recommend the use of sorbitol because glycerol represses PAOX1 expression. To assess the validity of this recommendation, we measured the steady state concentrations of biomass, residual methanol, and AOX1 over a wide range of dilution rates (0.02-0.20 h-1) in continuous cultures of the Mut+ strain fed with methanol, methanol + glycerol, and methanol + sorbitol. We find that when the specific AOX1 expression and methanol uptake rates for each of the three feeds are plotted against each other, they collapse into a single hyperbolic curve. The specific AOX1 expression rate is therefore completely determined by the specific methanol uptake rate regardless of the existence (present/absent) and type (repressing/non-repressing) of the secondary carbon source. In particular, cultures fed with methanol + glycerol and methanol + sorbitol that consume methanol at equal rates also express the protein at equal rates and levels. Now, it turns out that the simple unstructured model developed by Egli and co-workers can predict the specific methanol uptake rates of single- and mixed-substrate cultures over a wide range of dilution rates and feed concentrations. By combining this model with our data, we derive simple formulas that predicts the protein expression rates and levels of single- and mixed-substrate cultures over a wide range of conditions.

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