Vibrio anguillarum as a cause of disease in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Levin ◽  
R. E. Wolke ◽  
V. J. Cabelli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Differential Identification ◽  
Marine Vibrios ◽  
Muscle Lesions ◽  
Dermal Lesions

Vibrio anguillarum was repeatedly isolated from skin and muscle lesions of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. The dermal lesions, usually accompanied by fin necrosis, included petechiae and ecchymoses in their acute phase and frank ulceration in their more chronic manifestations. Anemia, as evidenced by lowered hematocrit values and increased renal hematopoiesis, was present. The disease was reproduced experimentally by the intradermal injection of as few as 640 V. anguillarum cells. The differential identification of the V. anguillarum isolates from aeromonads, plesiomonads, and other marine vibrios was described and discussed.

Pathogenicity of Vibrio anguillarum for Juvenile Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Watkins ◽  
R. E. Wolke ◽  
V. J. Cabelli
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Bioassay Procedure ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Host Parasite

The pathogenicity of Vibrio anguillarum for juvenile winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, was quantitatively established under laboratory conditions. Fish were obtained from Rhode Island waters, acclimatized in tanks for 4–6 wk, and then challenged with V. anguillarum. The LD50 was relatively constant for 24–to 72-h cultures of the organism using intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and intravenous challenge routes. The LD50 via oral inoculation was about 3 logs greater. The LD50 for fish collected, acclimatized, and challenged during the winter was ~3 logs less than that found for fish in the summer. The median intramuscular LD50 for 11 strains examined under the optimum conditions for infection was 2.4 × 105 (range 7.3 × 104 to 1.6 × 106) organisms. Gross and histopathological changes in the acute form of the disease were minimal, being limited to anemia, leucopenia, ecchymosis and necrosis at the site of inoculation, and behavioral changes. A chronic form of vibriosis was observed primarily during the summer in fish given sublethal doses. A potent, lethal V. anguillarum toxin could not be demonstrated. Potentially, this reproducible host–parasite system might have use in a short-term bioassay procedure for toxic pollutants of the marine environment.Key words: Vibrio anguillarum, winter founder, LD50, histopathological changes, acute and chronic vibriosis, toxin, bioassay

The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

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