The physiology of production of the antibiotic cyathin by Cyathus helenae

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Johri ◽  
H. J. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Ph Range

The maximum production of cyathin occurred when Cyathus helenae was grown in static surface culture. The yields of cyathin were high on a semisynthetic medium as well as on a chemically defined medium developed during this study. The concentration of sugar in either medium determined the yield of cyathin. Of the micronutrients tested, zinc had a stimulatory effect on the production of cyathin. A pH range of 4.5 to 5.5 and temperature of 22 °C were the best combination for maximum yield of cyathin. Of the seven vitamins tested, only riboflavin influenced the cyathin production.A study of various nitrogen sources showed that C. helenae grew better on organic nitrogen; nitrates enhanced cyathin production considerably without an appreciable change in the growth of the fungus. Dextrose, fructose, maltose, and starch all proved to be good sources of carbon for the production of cyathin.

scholarly journals Lovastatin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus in a Chemically Defined Medium

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2596-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hajjaj ◽  
Peter Niederberger ◽  
Philippe Duboc
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Lovastatin is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus terreus. A chemically defined medium was developed in order to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on lovastatin biosynthesis. Among several organic and inorganic defined nitrogen sources metabolized by A. terreus, glutamate and histidine gave the highest lovastatin biosynthesis level. For cultures on glucose and glutamate, lovastatin synthesis initiated when glucose consumption levelled off. When A. terreus was grown on lactose, lovastatin production initiated in the presence of residual lactose. Experimental results showed that carbon source starvation is required in addition to relief of glucose repression, while glutamate did not repress biosynthesis. A threefold-higher specific productivity was found with the defined medium on glucose and glutamate, compared to growth on complex medium with glucose, peptonized milk, and yeast extract.

MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF QUERCITRIN

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus Group

A number of molds and bacteria were screened for their ability to degrade quercitrin. The molds, but not the bacteria, were particularly active and produced carbon monoxide. The degradation of quercitrin is dependent upon the synthesis of an inducible glycosidase (quercitrinase). This enzyme is synthesized by only a few members of the Aspergillus flavus group. Two of these strains synthesized quercitrinase and excreted it and other enzymes into the culture medium. Maximum production of quercitrinase was obtained with organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract or phytone. Quercitrinase is induced by readily metabolized flavonols and flavonol-glycosides. The glycosidase is quite specific, liberating the rhamnose from the 3-position of quercitrin and myricitrin and the 7-position of robinin. The aglycone, quercetin, is subsequently metabolized to carbon monoxide and the depside of phloroglucinol-carboxylic acid and proto-catechuic acid. Evidence is also presented for an alternative pathway for the metabolism of the flavonol nucleus.

STEROL PRODUCTION BY SOME WOOD-ROTTING BASIDIOMYCETES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis H. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Active Growth

Fourteen species (six genera) of wood-rotting basidiomycetes cultured in a chemically defined medium were examined for the presence of sterol material. These fungi were found to contain ergosterol in amounts that ranged in value from 0.017 to 0.42% of their mycelial dry weights. Such values are, in general, comparable to sterol values reported for other fungi.The synthesis of sterol by Fomes meliae was found to accompany active growth of the fungus and was quantitatively influenced by the composition of the growth medium. Hexose supported greater production of sterol than did pentose, and organic nitrogen was superior to inorganic nitrogen in respect to this synthesis. The combination of hexose and organic nitrogen supported the greatest synthesis of sterol.

scholarly journals Screening of Penicillium Species and Optimisation of Culture Conditions for the Production of Ergot Alkaloids Using Surface Culture Fermentation Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Memuna Ghafoor Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Culture Process

The present study deals with the screening of fungal species and suitable fermentation medium for the production of ergot alkaloids. Various species of genus Penicillium were grown on differentfermentation media by employing surface culture fermentation technique to achieve the most suitable medium and the best Penicillium sp. The results showed that medium M5 gave maximum yield withPenicillium commune. Different culture conditions such as effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, their concentration levels, different pH values and sizes of inoculum on the production of ergot alkaloids were also studied to improve the yield. Maximum production of ergot alkaloids (4.32 mg/L) was achieved with 15 mL spore suspension at pH 5 in fermentation medium containing 35% (w/v) sucrose. All these  results indicate that culture conditions are very much crucial to improve the yield of ergot alkaloids produced by Penicillium commune through surface culture process. 

Regulation of ammonia-assimilating enzymes by various nitrogen sources in cultured Ipomoea spp.

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3127-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

The levels of ammonia-assimilating enzymes of Ipomoea spp. (morning glory) grown in suspension culture on a chemically defined medium are affected by various nitrogen sources. An increase in nitrate or ammonium concentrations in the growth medium elevated the levels of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. The levels of the enzymes varied in a manner similar to the growth pattern of the cells. When the growth rate of Ipomoea was maximal, high levels of enzymes were obtained; when cell growth was poor, a low yield of enzymes was obtained. Glutamine, whether used as the sole nitrogen source or as a supplement in media containing ammonium plus nitrate, increased the level of glutamate dehydrogenase and decreased the level of the other two enzymes. The developmental pattern of glutamine synthetase activity with culture age in Ipomoea differed with different nitrogen sources in the growth medium.

Improved cryopreservation of domestic cat sperm in a chemically defined medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Vick ◽  
H.L. Bateman ◽  
C.A. Lambo ◽  
W.F. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Defined Medium ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium
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