STEROL PRODUCTION BY SOME WOOD-ROTTING BASIDIOMYCETES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis H. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Active Growth

Fourteen species (six genera) of wood-rotting basidiomycetes cultured in a chemically defined medium were examined for the presence of sterol material. These fungi were found to contain ergosterol in amounts that ranged in value from 0.017 to 0.42% of their mycelial dry weights. Such values are, in general, comparable to sterol values reported for other fungi.The synthesis of sterol by Fomes meliae was found to accompany active growth of the fungus and was quantitatively influenced by the composition of the growth medium. Hexose supported greater production of sterol than did pentose, and organic nitrogen was superior to inorganic nitrogen in respect to this synthesis. The combination of hexose and organic nitrogen supported the greatest synthesis of sterol.

Relationship of the internal solute composition to the salt tolerance of Halomonas elongata

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Vreeland ◽  
Bradley D. Mierau ◽  
Carol D. Litchfield ◽  
Eugene L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Halomonas Elongata ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Solute Composition

The recently described genus Halomonas contains bacteria which are extremely tolerant to salt. The basis for this halotolerance was studied in cells grown in a chemically defined medium containing 0.05, 1.37, or 3.4 M NaCl. The organisms increase the intracellular concentration of sodium and calcium as well as glutamic acid and alanine as the concentration of NaCl in the growth medium increases. The data indicate that in high salt concentrations the osmotic pressure increase associated with those internal changes detected in this study does not balance the changes in the external osmotic pressure.

Lipopolysaccharide changes and cytoplasmic polyphosphate granule accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during growth on hexadecane

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. Miguez ◽  
Terry J. Beveridge ◽  
Jordan M. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Hydrophobicity Index ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lag Period

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 grew on 0.5% (v/v) hexadecane as a sole carbon source in a chemically defined medium which required the addition of Fe3+ and Ca2+. There was a variable and extended lag period before an active growth rate was attained. Visible light microscopic evidence revealed that the bacteria did not adhere to hexadecane droplets suggesting the absence of a bioemulsifier. When compared with glucose-grown cells, hexadecane-grown cells produced 75% less lipopolysaccharide (on a total protein basis); this lipopolysaccharide contained 30–40% less carbohydrate, yet 50–75% more 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. These chemical changes made the cell surface appear more hydrophobic when tested in a biphasic hydrophobicity index system. Electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze etchings revealed hexadecane-grown cells contained granules which were judged to be polyphosphate by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. There was no apparent major morphological envelope alteration within the two cell types.

scholarly journals Growth Medium-Dependent Regulation ofMyxococcus xanthus Fatty Acid Content Is Controlled by theesg Locus

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (19) ◽  
pp. 5269-5272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Bartholomeusz ◽  
Yanglong Zhu ◽  
John Downard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT We compared the cellular fatty acid profiles of Myxococcus xanthus cells grown in either a Casitone-based complex medium or a chemically defined medium. The cells grown in the complex medium had a much higher content of the abundant branched-chain fatty acidiso-15:0 and several other branched-chain species. The higher branched-chain fatty acid content of the cells grown in the complex medium was dependent on the esg locus, which encodes the E1α and E1β components of a branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) multienzyme complex involved in branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Cells grown in the complex medium were also found to have a higher level of esg transcription and more BCKAD enzyme activity than cells from the chemically defined medium. The level of esg transcription appears to be an important factor in the growth medium-dependent regulation of the M. xanthus branched-chain fatty acid content.

The physiology of production of the antibiotic cyathin by Cyathus helenae

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Johri ◽  
H. J. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Ph Range

The maximum production of cyathin occurred when Cyathus helenae was grown in static surface culture. The yields of cyathin were high on a semisynthetic medium as well as on a chemically defined medium developed during this study. The concentration of sugar in either medium determined the yield of cyathin. Of the micronutrients tested, zinc had a stimulatory effect on the production of cyathin. A pH range of 4.5 to 5.5 and temperature of 22 °C were the best combination for maximum yield of cyathin. Of the seven vitamins tested, only riboflavin influenced the cyathin production.A study of various nitrogen sources showed that C. helenae grew better on organic nitrogen; nitrates enhanced cyathin production considerably without an appreciable change in the growth of the fungus. Dextrose, fructose, maltose, and starch all proved to be good sources of carbon for the production of cyathin.

Regulation of ammonia-assimilating enzymes by various nitrogen sources in cultured Ipomoea spp.

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3127-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

The levels of ammonia-assimilating enzymes of Ipomoea spp. (morning glory) grown in suspension culture on a chemically defined medium are affected by various nitrogen sources. An increase in nitrate or ammonium concentrations in the growth medium elevated the levels of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. The levels of the enzymes varied in a manner similar to the growth pattern of the cells. When the growth rate of Ipomoea was maximal, high levels of enzymes were obtained; when cell growth was poor, a low yield of enzymes was obtained. Glutamine, whether used as the sole nitrogen source or as a supplement in media containing ammonium plus nitrate, increased the level of glutamate dehydrogenase and decreased the level of the other two enzymes. The developmental pattern of glutamine synthetase activity with culture age in Ipomoea differed with different nitrogen sources in the growth medium.

Improved cryopreservation of domestic cat sperm in a chemically defined medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Vick ◽  
H.L. Bateman ◽  
C.A. Lambo ◽  
W.F. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Defined Medium ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium
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