Physiology of sporeforming bacteria associated with insects, m. Radiorespirometry of pyruvate, acetate, succinate, and glutamate oxidation

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Bulla Jr ◽  
Grant St. Julian ◽  
Robert A. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Related Compounds

Oxidation of pyruvate, acetate, succinate, and glutamate was compared in Bacillus thuringiensis, B. alvei, B. lentimorbus, and B. popilliae. Cells of B. thuringiensis and B. alvei in transition from vegetative growth to sporulation oxidized these substrates by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle reactions. No TCA cycle activity was exhibited by B. lentimorbus and B. popilliae cells that do not sporulate. B. popilliae decarboxylated C-1 of pyruvate and glutamate; B. lentimorbus, C-1 of pyruvate only. B. thuringiensis and B. alvei oxidized pyruvate and acetate at a much higher rate in the absence of amino acids and related compounds than when these nutrients were exogenously supplied; in contrast, there was no appreciable increase in C-1 decarboxylation of pyruvate by B. lentimorbus and B. popilliae. No nutrient effect was observed on succinate and glutamate oxidation in any of these four organisms.

Physiology of sporeforming bacteria associated with insects. I. Glucose catabolism in vegetative cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bulla ◽  
G. St. Julian ◽  
R. A. Rhodes ◽  
C. W. Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Tentative Evidence

The catabolic pathways for use of glucose in proliferating vegetative cells of Bacillus thuringiensis, B. alvei, B. lentimorbus, and B. popilliae were studied by radiorespirometry. These organisms dissimilate glucose predominately via the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway and to a lesser extent by the pentose phosphate pathway. Extent of participation of concurrent pathways varied with each organism. Tentative evidence suggests that B. popilliae and B. lentimorbus, grown in a yeast extract – glucose medium, lack a fully operational tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Dilution of this medium slightly enhanced TCA cycle activity in B. popilliae but had no effect with B. lentimorbus. Radiorespirometric data regarding glutamic acid oxidation also were obtained for each bacterium. All organisms studied except B. lentimorbus were capable of oxidizing glutamic acid to carbon dioxide.

The biosynthesis of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine in Rhizobium japonicum

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Lillich ◽  
Gerald H. Elkan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Oxalacetic Acid ◽  
The Tca Cycle

The biosynthesis of aspartic acid and the incorporation of its carbon skeleton into glutamic acid and alanine was investigated in Rhizobium japonicum. It was found that oxalacetic acid (OAA) occupies a key position in the metabolism of this amino acid and the dissemination of its carbon skeleton into other amino acids. Aspartic acid is formed by two pathways involving the amination of OAA. In one pathway, OAA is synthesized by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and in the other by the carboxylation of either pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate. The carbon skeleton of aspartic acid can be incorporated into alanine either by deamination to OAA followed by decarboxylation to pyruvate and reamination or directly by decarboxylation of the number four carbon. There are at least two pathways by which aspartic acid carbon is incorporated into glutamic acid. One path involves the synthesis of α-ketoglutarate from OAA via the TCA cycle, the other is a condensation yielding either β-methylaspartate or α-ketoglutarate, which is then converted to glutamate.

scholarly journals Short-term inhibition of glutamine synthetase leads to reprogramming of amino acid and lipid metabolism in roots and leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ya Liu ◽  
Dandan Tang ◽  
Yuanzhi Shi ◽  
Lifeng Ma ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) nutrition significantly affected metabolism and accumulation of quality-related compounds in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). Little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of short-term repression of N metabolism on tea roots and leaves for a short time. Results In this study, we subjected tea plants to a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), methionine sulfoximine (MSX), for a short time (30 min) and investigated the effect of the inhibition of N metabolism on the transcriptome and metabolome of quality-related compounds. Our results showed that GS activities in tea roots and leaves were significantly inhibited upon MSX treatment, and both tissue types showed a sensitive metabolic response to GS inhibition. In tea leaves, the hydrolysis of theanine decreased with the increase in theanine and free ammonium content. The biosynthesis of all other amino acids was repressed, and the content of N-containing lipids declined, suggesting that short-term inhibition of GS reduces the level of N reutilization in tea leaves. Metabolites related to glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle accumulated after GS repression, whereas the content of amino acids such as glycine, serine, isoleucine, threonine, leucine, and valine declined in the MXS treated group. We speculate that the biosynthesis of amino acids is affected by glycolysis and the TCA cycle in a feedback loop. Conclusions Overall, our data suggest that GS repression in tea plant leads to the reprogramming of amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Analogous Metabolic Decoupling in Pseudomonas putida and Comamonas testosteroni Implies Energetic Bypass to Facilitate Gluconeogenic Growth

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Wilkes ◽  
Jacob Waldbauer ◽  
Ludmilla Aristilde
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Growth Phenotype

Glycolytic metabolism of sugars is extensively studied in the Proteobacteria , but gluconeogenic carbon sources (e.g., organic acids, amino acids, aromatics) that feed into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are widely reported to produce a fast-growth phenotype, particularly in species with biotechnological relevance. Much remains unknown about the importance of glycolysis-associated pathways in the metabolism of gluconeogenic carbon substrates.

Synthesis and Breakdown of the Universal Precursors to Biological Metabolism Promoted by Ferrous Iron

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila B. Muchowska ◽  
Sreejith Jayasree VARMA ◽  
Joseph Moran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Chemical Reaction Network ◽  
Metabolic Precursors ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

How core biological metabolism initiated and why it uses the intermediates, reactions and pathways that it does remains unclear. Life builds its molecules from CO<sub>2 </sub>and breaks them down to CO<sub>2 </sub>again through the intermediacy of just five metabolites that act as the hubs of biochemistry. Here, we describe a purely chemical reaction network promoted by Fe<sup>2+ </sup>in which aqueous pyruvate and glyoxylate, two products of abiotic CO<sub>2 </sub>reduction, build up nine of the eleven TCA cycle intermediates, including all five universal metabolic precursors. The intermediates simultaneously break down to CO<sub>2 </sub>in a life-like regime resembling biological anabolism and catabolism. Introduction of hydroxylamine and Fe<sup>0 </sup>produces four biological amino acids. The network significantly overlaps the TCA/rTCA and glyoxylate cycles and may represent a prebiotic precursor to these core metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

scholarly journals Intracellular Fate of Universally Labelled 13C Isotopic Tracers of Glucose and Xylose in Central Metabolic Pathways of Xanthomonas oryzae

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Shree ◽  
Shyam K. Masakapalli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Route

The goal of this study is to map the metabolic pathways of poorly understood bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) BXO43 fed with plant mimicking media XOM2 containing glutamate, methionine and either 40% [13C5] xylose or 40% [13C6] glucose. The metabolic networks mapped using the KEGG mapper and the mass isotopomer fragments of proteinogenic amino acids derived from GC-MS provided insights into the activities of Xoo central metabolic pathways. The average 13C in histidine, aspartate and other amino acids confirmed the activities of PPP, the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthetic routes, respectively. The similar labelling patterns of amino acids (His, Ala, Ser, Val and Gly) from glucose and xylose feeding experiments suggests that PPP would be the main metabolic route in Xoo. Owing to the lack of annotated gene phosphoglucoisomerase in BXO43, the 13C incorporation in alanine could not be attributed to the competing pathways and hence warrants additional positional labelling experiments. The negligible presence of 13C incorporation in methionine brings into question its potential role in metabolism and pathogenicity. The extent of the average 13C labelling in several amino acids highlighted the contribution of pre-existing pools that need to be accounted for in 13C-flux analysis studies. This study provided the first qualitative insights into central carbon metabolic pathway activities in Xoo.

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