Studies of tolerance to organ antigens. The immune response to A/Jax strain mouse organs in normal and A/Jax strain mouse liver tolerant rabbits

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
M. G. Baines ◽  
D. Eidinger
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

Neonatal rabbits were injected with large amounts of pooled normal A/Jax strain mouse liver and serum to induce tolerance to the organ and species antigens present in this mixture. At 3 months of age, the "tolerant" and uninjected control rabbits were all challenged with either A/Jax strain heart and (or) liver or kidney and their responses were compared by precipitation, hemagglutination (HA), and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFab). The normal sera showed one to four precipitation arcs on two-dimensional immunodiffusion analysis against their respective organ antigens and those demonstrable on immunoelectrophoresis migrated predominantly in the β and γ globulin regions. Organ-specific antibodies reacting with the organ antigens of the immunizing species and heterologous species were easily quantified by HA titrations and localized by IFab tests. It was noted that antigens common to the tissues of the immunizing species were found principally in the supportive cell structures whereas organ-specific antigens were found in the cytoplasmic region of the immunizing tissue and in similar tissues of different species.Antisera derived from the "tolerant" rabbits immunized with heart and (or) liver showed virtually normal heart specific responses while the response to liver was significantly suppressed. The complete absence of the cross reaction to guinea pig liver in the "tolerant" sera was taken as evidence of the tolerance mediated suppression of the reactivity to some of the mouse liver antigenic determinants.

Corrigendum

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Tests

In the article by P. Stevenson and D. E. Jacobs entitled: “Toxocara infection in pigs. The use of indirect fluorescent antibody tests and an in vitro larval precipitate test for detecting specific antibodies” which appeared in Volume 51, No. 2, June 1977 issue of the Journal of Helminthology, pages 150 and 151 were inadvertently transposed.

scholarly journals Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. II. Determination of frequency and characteristics of idiotypic T and B lymphocytes in normal rats using direct visualization.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Binz ◽  
H Wigzell
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

Anti-idiotypic antibodies made against the antigen-binding receptors of T lymphocytes for a given antigen (Ag-B locus antigens in rats) can be shown to react with IgG antibodies of the same antigen-binding reactivity. Using such anti-idiotypic antibodies, normal Lewis T lymphocytes of B and T type can be visualized by the use of anti-(Lewis-anti-DA) antibodies. Visualization was made possible by the use of direct fluorescent antibody tests or by autoradiography. Using the first technique and naked eye observations 6.2% of normal Lewis T lymphocytes expressed idiotypic markers signifying anti-DA reactivity, whereas anti-DA-reactive B lymphocytes as measured by this approach was in the order of 1.1%. Autoradiography was purified normal Lewis T lymphocytes gave similar figures. When comparing the intensity of fluorescence at the single cell level using quantitative cytofluorometry anti-idiotypic antibodies reactive with T lymphocytes gave a similar degree of intensity as was obtained using anti-Ig antibodies against B lymphocytes.

A study of possible biohazards in the fluorescent antibody test using adenovirus, coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, and respiratory syncytial virus as antigens

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325
Author(s):  
D Bardell
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Adenovirus Type 5

Infectious adenovirus type 5 and coxsackievirus type B5, both nonlipid-containing viruses, were isolated from cells fixed in acetone at 22 degrees C for 15 min, from acetone used for fixation, from the solution used for washing slides during the fluorescent antibody procedure, and after complete processing of antigen preparations with serial twofold dilutions of human antisera and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin G. Lipid-containing herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory syncytial virus were inactivated by acetone, and infectious virus could not be recovered at any stage in the fluorescent antibody test. Fixation in acetone at 56 degrees C destroyed the infectivity of adenovirus 5 and coxsackievirus B5 within 30 min, but no adverse effect on the antigenic determinants of either virus occurred until after 60 min, thus demonstrating that these antigens can be utilized without the hazard of infectious virus.

Differentiation of allantoic endoderm implanted into the presumptive digestive area in avian embryos. A study with organ-specific antigens

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Sadao Yasugi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens

Quail allantoic endoderm was implanted into the presumptive digestive-tract area of chick embryos, and the differentiation of the endoderm was examined morphologically and immunocytochemically with antisera against pepsinogens and sucrase. The allantoic endoderm was incorporated into the host digestive organs. It often became continuous with the host endoderm and formed a chimaeric digestive-tract epithelium. It differentiated morphologically into the epithelium of the digestive organ into which it was incorporated, showing the morphological inductive ability in situ of the digestive-tract mesenchyme against the allantoic endoderm. However, the allantoic endoderm did not produce pepsinogens even when it was incorporated into the host proventricular mesenchyme and formed well-developed proventricular glands. This result indicates that the heterotypic morphogenesis of the allantoic endoderm is not necessarily accompanied by the heterotypic cytodifferentiation. In contrast, the anti-sucrase antiserum-reactive cells often differentiated in the allantoic endoderm incorporated into not only the intestine but also other organs. This confirmed our previous observation that the allantoic endoderm has a tendency to differentiate into the intestinal epithelium in the heterologous environment.

Mixed cryoglobulinemia: the role of HCV and organ-specific antibodies

1996 ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
S. Bombardieri ◽  
A. Tavoni ◽  
M. Mosca ◽  
L. La Civita ◽  
M. P. Dolcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Organ Specific

Fluorescent antibody techniques have allowed for the direct identification and enumeration of individual bacteria in environmental samples without requiring prior growth in culture media (Bahlool and Schmidt 1980, Cloete and Steyn 1988, Macario et al. 1989). The technique involves the use of specific antibodies raised against surface markers of defined pure cultures that are either labelled directly with fluorescent dye molecules or via a fluorescent secondary antibody. This approach has yielded important insights into the spatial distribution of microorganisms, but it suffers from a number of disadvantages. For example, expression of the antigen may be influenced by environmental factors; false-positive and false-negative results may be obtained due to cross-reactivity or lack of reaction; non-specific binding of antibodies may result in high levels of background fluorescence; and production of specific antibodies requires a pure culture of the organism of interest (Cloete and de Bruyn Various recombinant DNA techniques have subsequently been developed that are independent of cultivation methods (Fig. 1). These techniques provide ways of detecting and quantifying specific phylogenetic groups of microbes on 16S rDNA sequences, and relevant structural genes provide ways of monitoring microbial populations of environmental and industrial systems. In addition to these tools, a number of emerging technologies such as the use of biomarker genes are being increasingly used to monitor with great precision and accuracy the behaviour of microbes in the environment.

2003 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques
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