Effect of some culture conditions on the production of indole-3-acetic acid and a gibberellin-like substance by Azotobacter vinelandii

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lee ◽  
C. Breckenridge ◽  
R. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Ethyl acetate extracts of concentrated culture supernatants were studied using thin-layer and paper chromatography in four solvent systems and Avena, Lactuca, and Hordeum bioassays. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was synthesized between 3 and 6 days of incubation and remained maximal at 8 × 10−8 M from 7 to 40 days. A possible precursor, tentatively identified as 3-indoleacetamide (IAM), was present during the early period of IAA production. Relatively more IAA was produced in shaking than in stationary culture and in nitrogen-free than in ammonium-containing medium.A gibberellin-like substance which had some similarity to GA3 was detected but could not be reproducibly demonstrated. It occurred in 18- and 40-day-old cultures at a concentration of 3 × 10−3 μg GA3-equivalent/ml but was never seen in cultures of 12 days or less.

Characterization of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthetic pathway in an epiphytic strain of Erwinia herbicola and IAA production in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brandi ◽  
E. M. Clark ◽  
S. E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

An epiphytic strain of Erwinia herbicola (strain 299R) synthesized indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde, but not from indole-3-acetamide and other intermediates of various IAA biosynthetic pathways in enzyme assays. TLC, HPLC, and GC–MS analyses revealed the presence of indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-ethanol, and IAA in culture supernatants of strain 299R. Indole-3-acetaldehyde was detected in enzyme assays. Furthermore, strain 299R genomic DNA shared no homology with the iaaM and iaaH genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, even in Southern hybridizations performed under low-stringency conditions. These observations strongly suggest that unlike gall-forming bacteria which can synthesize IAA by indole-3-acetamide, the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway is the primary route for IAA biosynthesis in this plant-associated strain. IAA synthesis in tryptophan-supplemented cultures of strain 299R was over 10-fold higher under nitrogen-limiting conditions, indicating a possible role for IAA production by bacterial epiphytes in the acquisition of nutrients during growth in their natural habitat.Key words: indole-3-acetic acid, Erwinia, tryptophan, indole-3-pyruvic acid, nitrogen.

scholarly journals Flavonoids, NodD1, NodD2, and Nod-Box NB15 Modulate Expression of the y4wEFG Locus That Is Required for Indole-3-Acetic Acid Synthesis in Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mart Theunis ◽  
Hajime Kobayashi ◽  
William J. Broughton ◽  
Els Prinsen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Flavonoids secreted by host plants activate, in conjunction with the transcriptional activator NodD, nod gene expression of rhizobia resulting in the synthesis of Nod factors, which trigger nodule organogenesis. Interestingly, addition of inducing flavonoids also stimulates the production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in several rhizobia. Here, the molecular basis of IAA synthesis in Rhizobium sp. NGR234 was investigated. Mass spectrometric analysis of culture supernatants indicated that NGR234 is capable of synthesizing IAA via three different pathways. The production of IAA is increased strongly by exposure of NGR234 to daidzein in a NodD1-, NodD2-, and SyrM2-dependent manner. This suggests that the y4wEFG locus that is downstream of nod-box NB15 encodes proteins involved in IAA synthesis. Knockout mutations in y4wE and y4wF abolished flavonoid-inducible IAA synthesis and a functional y4wF was required for constitutive IAA production. The promoter activity of NB15 and IAA production both were enhanced by introduction of a multicopy plasmid carrying nodD2 into NGR234. Surprisingly, the y4wE mutant still nodulated Vigna unguiculata and Tephrosia vogelii, although the nodules contained less IAA and IAA conjugates than those formed by the wild-type bacterium.

scholarly journals Volatile 1-octanol of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fuels cell division and indole-3-acetic acid production in phylloplane isolate Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovarasan Neelakandan ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Ning Wang ◽  
Kui-Nuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Solvent Tolerant ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractTea leaves possess numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to tea’s characteristic aroma. Some components of tea VOC were known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; however, their impact on bacteria remains elusive. Here, we showed that the VOC of fresh aqueous tea leaf extract, recovered through hydrodistillation, promoted cell division and tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19, a solvent-tolerant isolate of the tea phylloplane. 1-octanol was identified as one of the responsible volatiles stimulating cell division, metabolic change, swimming motility, putative pili/nanowire formation and IAA production, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microscopy and partition petri dish culture analyses. The bacterial metabolic responses including IAA production increased under 1-octanol vapor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas direct-contact in liquid culture failed to elicit such response. Thus, volatile 1-octanol emitting from tea leaves is a potential modulator of cell division, colonization and phytohormone production in NEEL19, possibly influencing the tea aroma.

A Prototype Model for Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production by Azospirillum brasilense SP245

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Y. Smets ◽  
Kristel Bernaerts ◽  
Astrid Cappuyns ◽  
Ositadinma Ona ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Contribution of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Production to the Epiphytic Fitness of Erwinia herbicola

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3256-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Brandl ◽  
S. E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Root Bioassay ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT Erwinia herbicola 299R produces large quantities of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in culture media supplemented withl-tryptophan. To assess the contribution of IAA production to epiphytic fitness, the population dynamics of the wild-type strain and an IAA-deficient mutant of this strain on leaves were studied. Strain 299XYLE, an isogenic IAA-deficient mutant of strain 299R, was constructed by insertional interruption of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene of strain 299R with the xylE gene, which encodes a 2,3-catechol dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putidamt-2. The xylE gene provided a useful marker for monitoring populations of the IAA-deficient mutant strain in mixed populations with the parental strain in ecological studies. A root bioassay for IAA, in which strain 299XYLE inhibited significantly less root elongation than strain 299R, provided evidence that E. herbicola produces IAA on plant surfaces in amounts sufficient to affect the physiology of its host and that IAA production in strain 299R is not solely an in vitro phenomenon. The epiphytic fitness of strains 299R and 299XYLE was evaluated in greenhouse and field studies by analysis of changes in the ratio of the population sizes of these two strains after inoculation as mixtures onto plants. Populations of the parental strain increased to approximately twice those of the IAA-deficient mutant strain after coinoculation in a proportion of 1:1 onto bean plants in the greenhouse and onto pear flowers in field studies. In all experiments, the ratio of the population sizes of strain 299R and 299XYLE increased during periods of active growth on plant tissue but not when population sizes were not increasing with time.

scholarly journals Production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid: A White Biotechnology for Weed Biocontrol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakaoduoen Bunsangiam ◽  
Nutnaree Thongpae ◽  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Nantana Sri
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shake Flask Culture ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and regulates various plant growth processes. The present study investigated IAA production by the basidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-CP293 using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology (RSM). IAA production was optimized in shake-flask culture using a cost-effective medium containing 4.5% crude glycerol, 2% CSL and 0.55% feed-grade L-tryptophan. The optimized medium resulted in a 3.3-fold improvement in IAA production and a 3.6-fold reduction in cost compared with those obtained with a non-optimized medium. Production was then scaled up to a 15-L bioreactor and to a pilot-scale (100-L) bioreactor based on the constant impeller tip speed (Vtip) strategy. By doing so, IAA was successfully produced at a concentration of 3,569.32 mg/L at the pilot scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pilot-scale IAA production by microorganisms. In addition, we evaluated the effect of crude IAA on weed growth. The results showed that weed (Cyperus rotundus L.) growth could be inhibited by 50 mg/L of crude IAA. IAA therefore has the potential to be developed as a herbicidal bioproduct to replace the chemical herbicides that have been banned in various countries, including Thailand.

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