Presence of lipase among species of extremely halophilic bacteria

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. González ◽  
C. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Plate Method

The presence of lipase in 56 extremely halophilic bacteria was studied by using a plate method with Tweens 20, 40, and 80 as substrates for the enzyme. Thirty-five strains were positive and 21 were negative. Halobacterium salinarium did not hydrolyze any of the Tweens tested. H. cutirubrum hydrolyzed Tween 20 and 40. Micrococcus morrhuae hydrolyzed all Tweens tested. The application of lipase in halobacteria as a taxonomical character was emphasized, and its role in the spoilage of fatty products was considered.

A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM FOR EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Onishi ◽  
Margaret E. McCance ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Cell Densities

A synthetic medium, made up of 15 amino acids, adenylic and uridylic acid, glycerol, asparagine or ammonium chloride, and various salts, has been developed for halophilic bacteria. Halobacterium cutirubrum and Sarcina litoralis grew as well in this medium as in a complex medium containing casein hydrolysate and yeast extract. Growth of Halobacterium halobium, Halobacterium salinarium, and Sarcina morrhuae was slower in the synthetic medium and the final cell densities were not as great as in the complex medium.

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION TO GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF SOME HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Gibbons ◽  
John I. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

The red halophiles, Halobacterium salinarium, H. cutirubrum, H. halobium, and Sarcina litoralis, grew most rapidly at salt concentrations of 20–25% and temperatures of 40–45 °C. Maximum turbidity was obtained at similar salt concentrations but at 35–40 °C. An unidentified colorless rod grew most rapidly at salt concentrations of 17.5–20% and temperatures of 40–50 °C, but produced maximum yield at 30 °C. The rod forms changed from long slender rods through irregular shapes to spheres as the salt concentration was decreased. At temperatures above the optimum, cells were very irregular, but otherwise temperature at any one salt concentration had little or no effect on the morphology.

CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Rhodospirillum Rubrum ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Physical Conditions

The carotenoids of two yellow and four red halophilic bacteria were studied by chromatography on alumina. One yellow organism contained predominantly one pigment, or a group of closely related pigments similar to neurosporene, while the other contained the neurosporene-like pigments and appreciable amounts of an unknown pigment with absorption maxima at about 420, 450, and 485 mμ.The red organisms, three species of Halobacterium and one Sarcina, contained α- and β-bacterioruberin, and at least six minor pigments. All except two of these were very similar to carotenoids previously reported in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Methoxyl could not be detected in α-bacterioruberin, supporting the suggestion of others that it is demethylated spirilloxanthin. It is suggested that the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in red halophiles is very similar to that in Rhodospirillum rubrum, except that the pigments are not methylated.The carotenoid content of Halobacterium salinarium was not influenced by addition of various precursors to the growth medium, or by altering the physical conditions of growth, but increased with the age of the culture.

scholarly journals Studies on the microbial diversity of salted fishes under aerobic conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrance Anbu Rajan ◽  
Toms C. Joseph ◽  
Nirmala Thampuran ◽  
Roswin James
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Rdna Analysis

A total of 93 isolates of halophilic and moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from salted fishes, Scoliodon sp. and Thrissina thryssa obtained from retail fish outlets in Cochin, Kerala, India. The viable count of the bacteria in Scoliodon sp. and Thrissina thryssa ranged from 103-106 per g. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological investigations were done to characterize the isolates, which showed good growth in medium containing 3-10% (w/v) NaCl at 37°C. In Scoliodon sp. the maximum of 87.5% isolates were Gram-positive cocci and in Thrissina thryssa 95.5% of the isolates were Gram-positive rods. The optimum conditions such as temperature, pH, and salts (NaCl) were determined. The utilization of organic compounds such as fructose, lactose, glucose, sucrose, arabinose, trehalose, maltose, salicin, mannose, cellobiose, rhamnose, dulcitol, xylose, raffinose, sorbitol, adonitol, inulin, galactose, inositol, mannitol, hydrogen sulfide, nitrate, citrate utilization, MR-VP, triple sugar iron, as well as the hydrolysis of organic compounds such as casein, gelatin, aesculin, starch, Tween 20, and Tween 80 were also investigated. Moreover, an alkalophilic bacterial strain Bacillus halodurans (B. halodurans) was isolated from Thrissina thryssa and confirmed by 16S rDNA analysis. These studies revealed that salted fishes offer an optimal environment for the viable, diverse, potentially and industrially important bacterial community.

Adaptation of the "Drop Plate" Method for the Enumeration of Red Halophilic Bacteria

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Drop Plate ◽  
Fair Degree

The quantitative determination of total numbers of red halophilic bacteria in contaminated solar salts and discoloured salt fish has been made possible through the successful adaptation of the "drop plate" method. The maximum number of colonies is reached after eight days for pure strains of Ps. salinaria, and after 14 days for the red halophiles present in contaminated solar salts. A brief statistical study has shown that a fair degree of reliability can be obtained with the method. From series of counts, the total error expressed as coefficient of variation is shown to vary from 3.34 to 8.72 per cent. Good reproducibility is also obtained when random samples are taken from stocks of contaminated salt.

An immunocytochemical study of maternal immunoglobulin localization in the suckling pig intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
László G. Kömüves ◽  
Donna S. Turner ◽  
Kathy S. McKee ◽  
Buford L. Nichols ◽  
Julian P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Fish Skin Gelatin

In this study we used colloidal gold probes to detect the intracellular localization of colostral immunoglobulins in intestinal epithelial cells of newborn piglets.Tissues were obtained from non-suckled newborn and suckled piglets aged between 1 hour to 1 month. Samples were fixed in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde, osmicated and embedded into Spurr’s resin. Thin (80 nm) sections were etched with 5% sodium ethoxide for 5 min, washed and treated with 4 % sodium-m-periodate in distilled water for 30 min. The sections were then first incubated with blocking buffer (2 % BSA, 0.25 % fish skin gelatin, 0.5 % Tween 20 in 10 mM Trizma buffer, pH=7.4 containing 500 mM NaCl) for 30 min followed by the immunoreagents diluted in the same buffer, 1 hr each. For the detection of pig immunoglobulins a rabbit anti-pig IgG antiserum was used followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-Au10 or protein A-Au15 probes.

Evaluation of the Fibrin Plate Method for Estimating Plasminogen Activators

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-088 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A Marsh ◽  
C. L Arocha-Pinango
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Heated Plate ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Fibrin Plate

SummaryA study was carried out in order to evaluate the Astrup and Mullertz fibrin plate method for estimating plasminogen activators.Choice of a suitable fibrinogen substrate was found to be the most important factor in setting up a workable assay. Many preparations contained a large proportion of non-clottable protein and plates made from these fibrinogens were usually unreliable. In addition, plasminogen content varied appreciably between preparations so that sensitivity of the method required careful calibration with each new batch of fibrinogen.The effect of additives in the fibrin plate was considered and it was found that calcium chloride alone was sufficient to ensure a stabilised plate which could be stored at 4° C for some time. The addition of tranexamic acid (AMCHA) was found to be a slightly more convenient way of estimating direct proteolytic activity, compared with the traditional heated plate. However neither method distinguished completely between proteolysis and plasminogen activation.In order to improve the precision of the method, the use of an analysis of variance technique has been studied. This technique provides information on the dose-response curves of test and unknown substances, and in addition produces an approximately threefold increase in precision over single plate tests.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN AUTOGRAFTS ON THE GREATER OMENTUM IN SPAYED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS AND IN CASTRATES TREATED WITH METHALLIBURE, GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Ber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Complete Cessation ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Hypophysectomy was performed at the same time as ovariectomy in 19 rats aged 6 weeks; in addition a fragment of the animal's own ovary was implanted into the greater omentum. The graft took but there was complete cessation of the growth of the implant and a decrease in body and uterine weights as compared to 15 ovariectomized controls of the same age killed after one month. This shows that the pituitary is indispensable for the growth of ovarian implants but not for their take. In 84 spayed rats aged 3 weeks with ovarian implants, methallibure (6 mg/day in a 0.2% solution of Tween 20) was given by gavage during one month. Some of them were treated with PMSG (20 IU/day), HCG (20 IU/day) or with oestradiol benzoate (0.05 mg/day) only or in combinations. As controls, there were 74 spayed rats with ovarian implants, seven of which received Tween 20, and 67 were untreated. No differences were found between the two control groups. Methallibure alone caused arrest of the development of the implants and uteri and a decrease in body weight. In the methallibure treated animals HCG stimulated the growth of the implant which was, however, smaller than that in the controls, while PMSG restored the weight of the implant even above that of the control rats. Oestradiol benzoate caused a further diminution in the size of the implants but augmented considerably the influence of HCG on the implants. It had no effect on the weight of the implant in rats treated with PMSG. It is concluded that FSH is the principal implant growth-promoting factor and that oestrogens appear to act in two directions. They decrease the gonadotrophin output from the pituitary thus inhibiting the growth of the implants, but in the presence of gonadotrophins they act directly on the implants, promoting their development.

Studies on Applicability of Alkaline Protease from Halophilic Bacteria in Detergent Formulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Nigam ◽  
◽  
Archana Vimal ◽  
Ambarish Sharan Vidyarthi ◽  
Medicherla Krishna Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Protease ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria
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