CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Rhodospirillum Rubrum ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Physical Conditions

The carotenoids of two yellow and four red halophilic bacteria were studied by chromatography on alumina. One yellow organism contained predominantly one pigment, or a group of closely related pigments similar to neurosporene, while the other contained the neurosporene-like pigments and appreciable amounts of an unknown pigment with absorption maxima at about 420, 450, and 485 mμ.The red organisms, three species of Halobacterium and one Sarcina, contained α- and β-bacterioruberin, and at least six minor pigments. All except two of these were very similar to carotenoids previously reported in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Methoxyl could not be detected in α-bacterioruberin, supporting the suggestion of others that it is demethylated spirilloxanthin. It is suggested that the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in red halophiles is very similar to that in Rhodospirillum rubrum, except that the pigments are not methylated.The carotenoid content of Halobacterium salinarium was not influenced by addition of various precursors to the growth medium, or by altering the physical conditions of growth, but increased with the age of the culture.

The Effect of Phytochrome and Proteinsynthesis-Inhibitors on the Formation of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids in Radish Seedlings Treated with Photosystem II and Bleaching Herbicides

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Grumbach ◽  
M. Drollinger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Pigment Pattern ◽  
Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis ◽  
Terpenoid Metabolism ◽  
Radish Seedlings ◽  
Primary Action

Abstract Etioplasts of radish seedlings treated with photosystem II (DCM U, bentazon) and chlorotic herbicides (amitrole, SAN 6706) were tested on their ability to perform the phytochrome mediated chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. The cytoplasmic influence on the chloroplastic action of herbicides was also investigated by inhibition of protein synthesis either in the chloro­ plast with chloramphenicol or in the cytoplasm with actidion. In all herbicide treated radish seedlings a phytochrome mediated chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis was obtained as found in control plants. In plants treated with DCM U the bio­ synthesis of carotenoids is enhanced compared to the control plants, while SAN 6706 significantly suppresses the carotenoid formation. It is concluded, that photosystem II and chlorotic herbicides do not interfere with the primary action of phytochrome but rather do develope their effects on the terpenoid metabolism through phytochrome. Chloramphenicol applied at the time of sowing very strongly suppresses the formation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in control plants. The sensitivity towards actidion is, however, very much lower. If chloramphenicol and actidion treated plants were also supplied with herbicides, the pigment pattern is completely different In SAN 6706-treated plants chloramphenicol acts synergistic, resulting in an even lower chlorophyll and carotenoid content than in plants supplied only with chloramphenicol. On the other hand SAN 6706 in combination with actidion enhances the formation of pigments, leading to a much higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content as in plants treated only with actidion. A stimulatory effect on the formation of chlorophylls and carotenoids was also found for DCMU-treated plants in combination with actidion. The observation, that in plants treated with SAN 6706 together with actidion, which inhibits protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, the herbicidal response in the chloroplast is completely abolished, gives evidence that the photooxidative action of SAN 6706 in the chloroplast is developed by the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. W. Brown ◽  
J. H. Scott Foster ◽  
J. R. Clamp
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. The slime produced by eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a number of different media was demonstrated to be qualitatively the same. Small quantitative differences may be occasioned by differences in the extraction procedure, the growth medium or the strain of organism used. 2. The slime was shown to be predominantly polysaccharide with some nucleic acid material and a small amount of protein. 3. The hydrolysed polysaccharide fraction consists mainly of glucose with smaller amounts of mannose. This accounts for some 50–60% of the total slime. In addition, there is some 5% of hyaluronic acid. The nucleic acid material represents approx. 20% of the total weight, and is composed of both RNA and DNA. 4. Minor components are protein, rhamnose and glucosamine, the protein being less than 5% of the total. 5. Hyaluronic acid is produced in greater quantities from nutrient broth than from chemically defined media, and is more firmly attached to the cells than the other components.

Presence of lipase among species of extremely halophilic bacteria

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. González ◽  
C. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Plate Method

The presence of lipase in 56 extremely halophilic bacteria was studied by using a plate method with Tweens 20, 40, and 80 as substrates for the enzyme. Thirty-five strains were positive and 21 were negative. Halobacterium salinarium did not hydrolyze any of the Tweens tested. H. cutirubrum hydrolyzed Tween 20 and 40. Micrococcus morrhuae hydrolyzed all Tweens tested. The application of lipase in halobacteria as a taxonomical character was emphasized, and its role in the spoilage of fatty products was considered.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Biochemical Analysis of Perianths and Coronas Reveal Flower Color Formation in Narcissus pseudonarcissus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Dongqin Tang ◽  
Hui Du ◽  
Yimin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Β Carotene

Narcissus pseudonarcissus is an important bulbous plant with white or yellow perianths and light yellow to orange-red coronas, but little is known regarding the biochemical and molecular basis related to flower color polymorphisms. To investigate the mechanism of color formation, RNA-Seq of flower of two widely cultured cultivars (‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’) with different flower color was performed. A total of 84,463 unigenes were generated from the perianths and coronas. By parallel metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in N. pseudonarcissus. The results showed that the content of carotenoids in the corona was higher than that in the perianth in both cultivars. Accordingly, phytoene synthase (PSY) transcripts have a higher abundance in the coronas than that in perianths. While the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, like GGPPS, PSY, and LCY-e, were not significantly different between two cultivars. In contrast, the carotenoid degradation gene NpCCD4 was highly expressed in white-perianth cultivars, but was hardly detected in yellow-perianth cultivars. Silencing of NpCCD4 resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid accumulation, especially in all-trans-β-carotene. Therefore, we presume that NpCCD4 is a crucial factor that causes the low carotenoid content and color fading phenomenon of ‘Slim Whitman’ by mediating carotenoid turnover. Our findings provide mass RNA-seq data and new insights into carotenoid metabolism in N. pseudonarcissus.

scholarly journals Transcriptome dynamics underlying flower color in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huali Zhang ◽  
Shiya Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Fang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Carotenoid Degradation

Abstract Background: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an important ornamental plant with a wide variety of flower colors. Despite its economic value, few biochemical and molecular studies have explored the generation of flower color in this species. Results: To study the mechanism underlying marigold petal color, we performed a metabolomics analysis and de novo cDNA sequencing on the inbred line ‘V-01’ and its petal color mutant ‘V-01M’ at four flower developmental stages. A total of 49,217 unigenes were identified from 24 cDNA libraries. Based on our transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we present an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in marigold flowers. The carotenoid content of the yellow mutant ‘V-01M’ was higher than that of the orange inbred line ‘V-01’, and the abundances of the yellow compounds lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and antheraxanthin were significantly higher in the mutant. During flower development, the carotenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in both ‘V-01’ and ‘V-01M’, with no significant differences between the two lines. By contrast, the carotenoid degradation genes were dramatically downregulated in the yellow mutant ‘V-01M’. Conclusions: We therefore speculate that the carotenoid degradation genes are the key factors regulating the carotenoid content of marigold flowers. Our research provides a large amount of transcriptomic data and insights into the marigold color metabolome.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Orange Head Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapaL. ssp.pekinensis) and Molecular Marker Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjuan Li ◽  
Yihui Zhang ◽  
Qian Ding ◽  
Huayin Li ◽  
Lifeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Indel Marker ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Molecular Marker Development ◽  
Pigment Accumulation

Due to the visual appearance and high carotenoid content, orange inner leaves are a desirable trait for the Chinese cabbage. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of orange inner leaves, theBrCRTISO(Bra031539) gene, as theBr-orcandidate gene, was analyzed among the white and orange varieties, and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. However, only one SNP (C952to T952) altered the amino acid sequence, resulting in a mutation from Leu318to Phe318in the orange varieties. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the orange and white F2individuals (14-401 × 14-490) and found four downregulated genes were involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, which may lead to the accumulation of prolycopene and other carotenoid pigments in the orange inner leaves. In addition, we developed a novel InDel marker in the first intron, which cosegregates with the phenotypes of orange color inner leaves. In conclusion, these findings enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of pigment accumulation in the inner leaves of the Chinese cabbage. Additionally, the SNP (C952to T952) and the InDel marker will facilitate the marker-assisted selection during Chinese cabbage breeding.

Catabolite-controlled regulation of glutamate dehydrogenases of Neurospora crassa

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kapoor ◽  
A. K. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Other Hand

The effect of the presence of catabolites in the growth medium on the synthesis of the two glutamate dehydrogenases of Neurospora crassa is reported. It has been demonstrated that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) specific glutamate dehydrogenase is subject to repression by sucrose and glucose. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) specific glutamate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, is induced by increasing concentrations of the catabolite. These data suggest that a reciprocal relationship exists between these two enzymes during synthesis in the presence of catabolites. Growth in higher concentrations of sucrose led to the formation of two isoenzymes of the NADP-specific enzyme; the second or the minor isozyme is not produced at very low catabolite concentrations. The catabolite effects produced by sucrose are overcome by glutamate, if the latter is incorporated into the growth medium. Glutamate represses both the isozymes of NADP-specific enzyme.

Exact interior solutions in Einstein–Cartan–Yukawa theory

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
K. D. Krori ◽  
P. Borgohain ◽  
Kanika Das ◽  
Arunima Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Massive Star ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Interior Solutions ◽  
Yukawa Theory

A simple method of obtaining singularity-free interior solutions in Einstein–Cartan–Yukawa theory is presented here. The validity of the solution is shown by considering two types of configurations, one Schwarzschild-like and the other Tolman-IV-like. We recover the Schwarzschild and Tolman-IV solutions as soon as the Cartan and Yukawa effects are switched off. In both cases the necessary physical conditions are satisfied. The possible role of torsion in halting the collapse of a massive star is also studied.

scholarly journals Warm gas in protostellar outflows

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A77
Author(s):  
A. I. Gómez-Ruiz ◽  
A. Gusdorf ◽  
S. Leurini ◽  
K. M. Menten ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Context. OMC-2/3 is one of the nearest embedded cluster-forming regions that includes intermediate-mass protostars at early stages of evolution. A previous CO (3–2) mapping survey towards this region revealed outflow activity related to sources at different evolutionary phases. Aims. The present work presents a study of the warm gas in the high-velocity emission from several outflows found in CO (3–2) emission by previous observations, determines their physical conditions, and makes a comparison with previous results in low-mass star-forming regions. Methods. We used the CHAMP+ heterodyne array on the APEX telescope to map the CO (6–5) and CO (7–6) emission in the OMC-2 FIR 6 and OMC-3 MMS 1-6 regions, and to observe 13CO (6–5) at selected positions. We analyzed these data together with previous CO (3–2) observations. In addition, we mapped the SiO (5–4) emission in OMC-2 FIR 6. Results. The CO (6–5) emission was detected in most of the outflow lobes in the mapped regions, while the CO (7–6) was found mostly in the OMC-3 outflows. In the OMC-3 MMS 5 outflow, a previously undetected extremely high-velocity gas was found in CO (6–5). This extremely high-velocity emission arises from the regions close to the central object MMS 5. Radiative transfer models revealed that the high-velocity gas from MMS 5 outflow consists of gas with nH2 = 104–105 cm−3 and T > 200 K, similar to what is observed in young Class 0 low-mass protostars. For the other outflows, values of nH2 > 104 cm−3 were found. Conclusions. The physical conditions and kinematic properties of the young intermediate-mass outflows presented here are similar to those found in outflows from Class 0 low-mass objects. Due to their excitation requirements, mid − J CO lines are good tracers of extremely high-velocity gas in young outflows likely related to jets.

scholarly journals Influence of growth medium composition on synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of selected strains of Arthrospira cyanobacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tarko ◽  
A. Duda-Chodak ◽  
M. Kobus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Carotene Synthesis

We studied how the selection of the growth medium influences the antioxidant properties and synthesis of bioactive compounds (β-carotene, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin) in six selected species of cyanobacteria of Arthrospira genus. For this purpose, cyanobacteria cultures were cultivated on a typical Zarrouk medium and on a cheaper substitute – RM6 medium. Significant differences were observed in the efficiency of synthesis of the studied compounds depending on the strain of cyanobacteria. The quantitative and qualitative composition of Zarrouk medium was more beneficial for β-carotene synthesis in the cells of all strains of cyanobacteria studied. This medium also allowed for the antioxidant potential of the studied strains to be increased. On the other hand, the RM6 medium, deprived of some mineral ingredients, enabled more efficient synthesis of phycobiliproteins in all studied strains except A. platensis SAG 85.79.  

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