Characterization of saccharolytic nonfermentative bacteria associated with man

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pickett ◽  
Margaret M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Pseudomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Reference Strains

Features of 378 clinical isolates of saccharolytic, nonfermentative Gram-negative rods and 20 reference strains were examined. All but four of the clinical strains were assigned to recognized taxa, namely Acinetobacter, Chromobacterium, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas multivorans, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Xanthomonas.

scholarly journals First Countrywide Survey of Acquired Metallo-β-Lactamases in Gram-Negative Pathogens in Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 4023-4029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Rossolini ◽  
Francesco Luzzaro ◽  
Roberta Migliavacca ◽  
Claudia Mugnaioli ◽  
Beatrice Pini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
European Country ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) can confer resistance to most β-lactams, including carbapenems. Their emergence in gram-negative pathogens is a matter of major concern. Italy was the first European country to report the presence of acquired MBLs in gram-negative pathogens and is one of the countries where MBL producers have been detected repeatedly. Here, we present the results of the first Italian nationwide survey of acquired MBLs in gram-negative pathogens. Of 14,812 consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates (12,245 Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 2,567 gram-negative nonfermenters) screened for reduced carbapenem susceptibility during a 4-month period (September to December 2004), 30 isolates (28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 1 Pseudomonas putida isolate, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae isolate) carried acquired MBL determinants. MBL producers were detected in 10 of 12 cities, with a predominance of VIM-type enzymes over IMP-type enzymes (4:1). Although having an overall low prevalence (1.3%) and significant geographical differences, MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains appeared to be widespread in Italy, with a notable diversity of clones, enzymes, and integrons carrying MBL gene cassettes.

scholarly journals Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of an Acquired Subgroup B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene,blaAIM-1, and Its Unique Genetic Context in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6154-6159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongeun Yong ◽  
Mark A. Toleman ◽  
Jan Bell ◽  
Brett Ritchie ◽  
Rachael Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Genetic Context

ABSTRACTThree clinicalPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates (WCH2677, WCH2813, and WCH2837) isolated from the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, produced a metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-positive Etest result. All isolates were PCR negative for known MBL genes. A gene bank was created, and an MBL gene, designatedblaAIM-1, was cloned and fully characterized. The encoded enzyme, AIM-1, is a group B3 MBL that has the highest level of identity to THIN-B and L1. It is chromosomal and flanked by two copies (one intact and one truncated) of an ISCRelement, ISCR15. Southern hybridization studies indicated the movement of both ISCR15andblaAIM-1within the three different clinical isolates. AIM-1 hydrolyzes most β-lactams, with the exception of aztreonam and, to a lesser extent, ceftazidime; however, it possesses significantly higherkcatvalues for cefepime and carbapenems than most other MBLs. AIM-1 was the first mobile group B3 enzyme detected and signals further problems for already beleaguered antimicrobial regimes to treat seriousP. aeruginosaand other Gram-negative infections.

scholarly journals Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjoo Pai ◽  
Jong-Won Kim ◽  
Jungmin Kim ◽  
Ji Hyang Lee ◽  
Kang Won Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT In order to define the contributions of the mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we investigated the presence of OprD, the expressions of the MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN systems, and the production of the β-lactamases for 44 clinical strains. All of the carbapenem-resistant isolates showed the loss of or decreased levels of OprD. Three strains overexpressed the MexAB-OprM efflux system by carrying mutations inmexR. These three strains had the amino acid substitution in MexR protein, Arg (CGG) → Gln (CAG), at the position of amino acid 70. None of the isolates, however, expressed the MexEF-OprN efflux system. For the characterization of β-lactamases, at least 13 isolates were the depressed mutants, and 12 strains produced secondary β-lactamases. Based on the above resistance mechanisms, the MICs of carbapenem for the isolates were analyzed. The MICs of carbapenem were mostly determined by the expression of OprD. The MICs of meropenem were two- to four-fold increased for the isolates which overexpressed MexAB-OprM in the background of OprD loss. However, the elevated MICs of meropenem for some individual isolates could not be explained. These findings suggested that other resistance mechanisms would play a role in meropenem resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Retrospective Molecular Analysis of DIM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Discovered in Pseudomonas stutzeri from India in 2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitagauri M. Deshpande ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Leah N. Woosley ◽  
Mariana Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Source ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Encoding Genes

ABSTRACTAmong 220 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli collected in India during 2000, 22 strains showing elevated imipenem MICs were evaluated for carbapenemase production. One DIM-1-producingPseudomonas stutzeriisolate was detected, and no other carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified. This detection of a DIM-1-producingP. stutzeriisolate from India predating the finding of this gene in the index Dutch strain and the very recent detection of DIM-1 in Africa suggest an unidentified environmental source of this metallo-β-lactamase gene.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjette Bourafa ◽  
Wafaa Chaalal ◽  
Sofiane Bakour ◽  
Rym Lalaoui ◽  
Nafissa Boutefnouchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals Characterization of bacteriophages infecting clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa stored in a culture collection

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C.S. Zanetti ◽  
R.C.C. Mingrone ◽  
J.J. Kisielius ◽  
M. Ueda-Ito ◽  
A.C.C. Pignatari
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Clinical Isolates

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Their Sensitivity to Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erminia La Camera ◽  
Carlo Bisignano ◽  
Giuseppe Crisafi ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Marcella Denaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

We characterized a number of clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. and investigated their sensitivity against polyphenols-rich extracts from natural raw and roasted pistachios (NPRE and RPRE, respectively). Out of 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., 23 were coagulase-positive and identified as S. aureus, of which 21 were MRSA. Polyphenols-rich extracts from natural pistachios and roasted pistachios were prepared: the total phenols content, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), was higher in natural pistachios (359.04 ± 8.124 mg) than roasted pistachios (225.18 ± 5.055 mg). The higher total phenols content in natural pistachios also correlated to the higher free-radical scavenging activity found by DPPH assay: NPRE and RPRE showed IC50 values of 0.85 (C.L. 0.725–0.976 mg mL−1) and 1.15 (C.L. 0.920–1.275 mg mL−1), respectively. Both NPRE and RPRE were active against S. aureus 6538P and Staph. spp. clinical isolates, with RPRE being the most active (MIC values ranging between 31.25 and 2000 μg mL−1). The antimicrobial potential of pistachios could be used to identify novel treatments for S. aureus skin infections.

First Detection of OXA-10 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and the Occurrence of mexR and nfxB in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nigeria

Chemotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele T. Odumosu ◽  
Bola A. Adeniyi ◽  
Ram Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
First Report ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Regulator Genes

Background: The characterization of β-lactamase production in Pseudomonasaeruginosa is rarely reported in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characterize the different β-lactamases as well as mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance among P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical sources from Nigeria. Materials and Method: Isolates were investigated using PCR, RFLP and sequencing for the detection of various β-lactamases and efflux pump regulator genes. Result: The prevalence of OXA-10, AmpC, CTX-M and SHV in P. aeruginosa was 80, 70, 5 and 5%, respectively. The coexistence of blaOXA-10 with blaAmpC, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was reported in 40, 5 and 5% of isolates, respectively. The efflux pump regulator genes mexR and nfxB were both amplified in 45% of the OXA-10-positive isolates. Conclusion: This is the first report of the characterization of OXA-10 extended-spectrum β-lactamases and occurrence of mexR and nfxB efflux regulator genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Acquisition of multidrug resistance transposon Tn6061 and IS6100-mediated large chromosomal inversions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 1448-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Coyne ◽  
Patrice Courvalin ◽  
Marc Galimand
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Gene Acquisition ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major human opportunistic pathogen, especially for patients in intensive care units or with cystic fibrosis. Multidrug resistance is a common feature of this species. In a previous study we detected the ant(4′)-IIb gene in six multiresistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, and determination of the environment of the gene led to characterization of Tn6061. This 26 586 bp element, a member of the Tn3 family of transposons, carried 10 genes conferring resistance to six drug classes. The ant(4′)-IIb sequence was flanked by directly repeated copies of ISCR6 in all but one of the strains studied, consistent with ISCR6-mediated gene acquisition. Tn6061 was chromosomally located in six strains and plasmid-borne in the remaining isolate, suggesting horizontal acquisition. Duplication-insertion of IS6100, that ended Tn6061, was responsible for large chromosomal inversions. Acquisition of Tn6061 and chromosomal inversions are further examples of intricate mechanisms that contribute to the genome plasticity of P. aeruginosa.

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