Serological characteristics of Streptomyces species using cell wall immunizing antigens

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Taylor ◽  
Rufus K. Guthrie ◽  
Elwood B. Shirling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

A dichotomous key for determination of serological groups among Streptomyces is described. This key is limited in that only seven specific antisera are used for testing. The utility and reliability of the application of this key were tested and compared to the results of previous taxonomic studies reported on the basis of biochemical and morphological characteristics of these organisms. Results indicate the desirability of using a combination of methods including serological characteristics on the one hand, and biochemical–morphological characteristics on the other, to increase the reliability of taxonomic studies.

scholarly journals Determination of the Height of Hard X-Ray Sources in the Solar Atmosphere by Measurement of Photospheric Albedo Photons

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
John C. Brown ◽  
H. F. Van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Source Models ◽  
The One

SummaryThe importance and difficulties of determining the height of hard X-ray sources in the solar atmosphere, in order to distinguish source models, have been discussed by Brown and McClymont (1974) and also in this Symposium (Brown, 1975; Datlowe, 1975). Theoretical predictions of this height, h, range between and 105 km above the photosphere for different models (Brown and McClymont, 1974; McClymont and Brown, 1974). Equally diverse values have been inferred from observations of synchronous chromospheric EUV bursts (Kane and Donnelly, 1971) on the one hand and from apparently behind-the-limb events (e.g. Datlowe, 1975) on the other.

Augustus and the Senate: 23 B.C.

Antichthon ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Res Publica

While the exact meaning of Res Gestae 34, the powers of Augustus at various moments in his principate, and the significance of his auctoritas have been extensively argued, more practical questions about how his political arrangements might have been set into action have not generally excited much interest. In 1974 I put forward a suggestion about how the so-called first settlement of 27 B.C. came about. It was, in brief, that Octavian, as he then was, used the traditional consular mechanisms, and proposed for debate in the Senate a motion, de provinciis consularibus, and this explains why, on the one hand, the result of the debate was that he had provinces allocated to him, and, on the other, claims could be made that the res publica was restored, because one of the things which characterized res publica (as distinct from dictatorship or triumviral rule) was that the determination of who should command which army stationed in the provinces now lay, ostensibly at least, with the publicum consilium, the Senate.

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals XXII. On the extensive atmosphere of Mars

1831 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The One

That several of the planets as well as that which we inhabit are surrounded by atmosphere, astronomical observations have long since established; the extent, however, to which in particular planets such atmospheres are diffused, is as yet not satisfactorily determined. The former rests principally upon phenomena observed on the planets’ discs, whilst the latter derives its support chiefly from those detected at or near their respective limbs. Every night, nay almost every hour, may give us indication of the one, whilst years are sometimes necessary, as in the case of planets unattended by satellites, to help us to the other; thus the hypothesis of the extensive atmosphere of Mars derives its origin from the observations of Cassini and Roëmer, and has stood more than a century and a half without refutation or support. The observations to which I allude formed part of a series undertaken for the determination of the parallax of Mars, and are recorded in the Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences. Cassini’s were made at Briare and at La Charité sur Loire; whilst Roémer’s was obtained at the Royal Observatory of Paris.

scholarly journals IX. Remarks concerning the Natural-Historical Determination of Diallage

1826 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147
Author(s):  
W. Haidinger
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Slight Degree ◽  
The One

The following paper contains the results of a series of inquiries, which lead to the conclusion, that the mineral called Smaragdite by Saussure, does not form a species of its own; but that this name has been given to a compound of certain varieties of two distinct species, Augite and Hornblende, the natural-historical species of paratomous and hemiprismatic Augite-spar.Owing in part to the slight degree of resemblance prevailing among its varieties, the authors who have described them differ so essentially in opinion, that I am obliged to go into various details, both respecting the external appearance of the mineral itself, and of the opinions of mineralogists, in order to afford a correct view of the natural-historical species, to which these varieties belong, since this is the basis upon which every system, and, indeed, all accurate information in natural history, is founded, and the fixed point to which the one and the other must be referred.

Determination of Enemy Character of Corporations

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Nohem
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Entity Theory ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Corporate Entity ◽  
Sovereign Authority ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Person

Much controversy has raged for a long period of time over the precise nature of what Wormser refers to as the “anatomy” of a corporation. Wormser himself defines a corporation as a “group of one or more persons authorized by sovereign authority to act as a unit and a personality in the eye of the law.” The definition indicates, on the one hand, that the act of incorporation creates a new person or entity, on the other that this new entity is in fact composite, made up of one or more pre-existing entities. The question arises, at what times will the court regard the corporate entity, and at what times will it look to the real persons who compose it ? A key to the solution of the problem is offered by Lord Mansfield. “A fiction of law shall never be contradicted so as to defeat the end for which it was invented, but for every other purpose it may be contradicted.” By the separate entity theory is meant that a corporation is to be regarded as an entity separate and apart from its corporators and that it is to be treated like any other independent person. That this is the theory of corporations generally accepted by the courts need hardly be proved. It will only be noted that the ruling English case on the subject is that of Salomon and Co. v. Salomon. In his opinion in that case Lord Halsbury said: “Once the company is legally incorporated it must be treated like any other independent person.”

scholarly journals Феномен синтаксической семиоимпликации

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 348-368
Author(s):  
Вадим [Vadim] Юрьевич [IUr'evich] Меликян [Melikian] ◽  
Анна [Anna] Васильевна [Vasil'evna] Меликян [Melikian]
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Expressive Meaning ◽  
Secondary Meaning ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speech Model ◽  
Different Levels

The phenomenon of syntactic semioimplicationSemioimplicative meaning is a “derived,” secondary meaning. The typical example of a semioimplicative meaning in syntax is the use of the positive constructions in the meaning of the negative ones and vice versa (converted meaning). The semioimplicative sentence interpretation scarcely has logical limitations. Most sentences, given the right intonation, can undergo an enantiosemic conversion. The ironical negation can be hidden in practically each sentence. In this article we single out and parameterize the main conditions of such semioimplication and the kinds of language means triggering the semioimplicative mechanism. Besides, we draw attention to the ways of expressing diverse connotations organically linked with the very process of syntactic constructions semioimplication and consistently caused by it. The core of semioimplicative structures is constituted by constructions that are able to express two meanings: direct and transferred (in this case, opposite) meaning. We have termed them “symmetrical” constructions. The sentence models with one meaning opposite to the form expressing it and also the models opposite in sign but not correlated according to some morphological characteristics serve as the periphery of semioimplication (“nonsymmetrical” constructions). The models that possess any language means facilitating their reconsideration as their own opposites are called the “specialized” models in the research. The “non-specialized” models do not have such qualities. The ability to express two opposite meanings can potentially take place on different levels of the sentence model concretization: abstract (syntactic), morphological, general lexical and concrete lexical (i.e., on the level of speech model realization). Each of the types of opposition, both objective and evaluative ones, has its own means of specialization. In the sphere of enantiosemical and evaluative opposition of the sentence meaning the dominating development line of the semioimplication phenomenon is the pursuit of maximal language expressivity, on the one hand, and of monosemanticity, accuracy, and effectiveness, on the other hand. The tendency toward language means economy turns out to be weak in this case. The reason for this process consists in the desire to assign these sentences to the sphere of the expressive syntax by using them exclusively in the secondary, ironical and most expressive meaning. As a result, the nonsymmetrical (the maximally specialized) constructions are 1.5 times more numerous than the symmetrical constructions (ones with moderate specialization). We find research of this subject-matter in its functional-communicative, cognitive, discoursive and pragmatic-linguistic aspects to be to a topical and worthwhile endeavor. Zjawisko semioimplikacji składniowejZnaczenie semioimplikacyjne to znaczenie „pochodne”, wtórne. Typowym przykładem występowania znaczenia semioimplikacyjnego w składni jest używanie konstrukcji pozytywnych w znaczeniu negatywnym i vice versa (konwersja znaczenia). Semioimplikacyjna analiza zdania praktycznie nie napotyka na logiczne ograniczenia. Większość zdań, jeśli towarzyszy im odpowiednia intonacja, w określonych kontekstach może ulegać enantiosemantycznej konwersji: ironiczne zaprzeczenie może skrywać się w praktycznie każdym zdaniu. W tym artykule identyfikujemy i parametryzujemy podstawowe warunki takiej semioimplikacji oraz rodzaje środków językowych, jakie inicjują mechanizm semioimplikacyjny. Zwracamy także uwagę na sposoby wyrażenia różnorakich konotacji związanych organicznie z samym procesem semioimplikacji struktur składniowych i regularnie przez nią wywoływanych. Rdzeniem struktur semioimplikacyjnych są konstrukcje mogące wyrażać oba znaczenia: dosłowne i przenośne (tu: przeciwstawne). Określiliśmy takie konstrukcje mianem „symetrycznych”. Za peryferia zbioru konstrukcji semioimplikacyjnych (za konstrukcje „niesymetryczne”) można uznać modele zdań mających tylko jedno znaczenie, które jednak jest przeciwstawne w stosunku do wyrażającej go formy, oraz modele o przeciwnym znaku, ale nieskorelowane pod względem niektórych parametrów morfologicznych. Modele zdań dysponujące środkami językowymi ułatwiającymi zmianę ich znaczenia na przeciwstawne nazywamy „wyspecjalizowanymi”. Modele „niewyspecjalizowane” nie dysponują takiego rodzaju środkami. Zdolność wyrażania dwóch przeciwstawnych znaczeń może potencjalnie zachodzić na różnych poziomach konkretyzacji modelu: abstrakcyjnym (składniowym), morfologicznym, leksykalnym ogólnym i leksykalnym konkretnym (tzn. na poziomie językowej realizacji modelu). Każdy z typów przeciwstawności, czy to przedmiotowej czy wartościującej, dysponuje własnymi środkami specjalizacji. W sferze enantiosemicznej i wartościującej przeciwstawności znaczeń zdania dominującym kierunkiem rozwoju zjawiska semioimplikacji jest dążenie, z jednej strony, do maksymalnej wyrazistości języka, z drugiej zaś – do jego jednoznaczności, precyzji, efektywności. Tendencja do zwiększania ekonomii środków językowych okazuje się w badanym przypadku słabsza. Przyczyną tego procesu jest dążenie do trwałego przypisania takich zdań ekspresyjnej sferze składni za sprawą używania ich wyłącznie w drugim, ironicznym, a zarazem bardziej ekspresyjnym znaczeniu. W rezultacie konstrukcji niesymetrycznych (maksymalnie wyspecjalizowanych) jest w przybliżeniu 1,5 raza więcej niż konstrukcji symetrycznych (umiarkowanie wyspecjalizowanych). Uważamy za wskazane dalsze badania nad zarysowaną tu tematyką w jej aspekcie funkcjonalno-komunikacyjnym, kognitywnym, dyskursywnym i pragmalingwistycznym.

scholarly journals Element-for-Element Replacement? Beware! There Might Be a "No-Entry" Sign

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Kazem Lotfipour-Saedi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Language System ◽  
Direct Route ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Replacement Operation

Abstract Various definitions have been offered for translation, each assuming a different orientation to the nature of meaning and language but all sharing the notion of replacement of one sort or another. The commonsensically perceived framework of translation operation is also basically founded upon the notion of replacement, mostly leading to the illusion that translation is just a matter of replacing SL elements by TL ones. But due to the uniqueness of each language system on the one hand and the non-isomorphic nature of the relationship between form and meaning across language on the other, this replacement operation faces challenging problems. This paper argues that there is no direct route in this operation and the replacement becomes possible only through the determination of the value of the elements to be replaced.

scholarly journals The names of the coast and forms of coastal relief in the Kostroma Region’s patois: landscape and geographical aspect

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Galina D. Neganova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
The One ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Obscure Origin

One of the most detailed systems of terms in regional dialect systems of the language is the terminology of rivers and river valleys, lakes and lake basins. We explore the repertoire of folk geographical terms used in the patois of the Kostroma Region, which are associated with such part of the river valley as the coast. We analyze language units, on the one hand, in the coordinates of the lexical and semantic group, on the other, in relation to the designated objects. We identify the correspondence of terms and their semantics to the nominated forms of coastal relief. In the plan “Program of collecting information for the lexical atlas of Russian folk patois” we consider the general names of the coast and the names that actualize its morphological characteristics – the names of low, low-level and high steep coast, the names of coastal relief forms, such as a cape and a sandbank. At the lexical and semantic level, we trace the connection of local names with the terminological system of the geographical landscape. The repertoire of the terms group under consideration includes mainly words with a transparent inner form, their semantics reflect the features of the coastal relief. At the same time, in the Kostroma Region’s patois, words of obscure origin are encountered, which can be attributed to the substrate vocabulary. In general, the nomenclature of the terms under consideration fits into the concept of the vocabulary continuity of the Kostroma patois.

scholarly journals Hrvatska između rata i tranzicije (jedan pragmatičan pristup)

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Ivoš
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
International Community ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The One

In this article the author points some actual questions of the transformation process in the Croatian society. The analysis of Z. Brzezinski is used as analytical model which basic function is of strategic meaning. The idea was to show how Croatia is close or distant from the mainstream of transformation process. The conclusion is that the successful achievements of the transformation depends both on the influence of the International community, political and economic on the one side and on the nature of the postcomunist self-determination of Croatian society, on the other side.98

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