Microbiology of domestic wastes. III. Metabolism of LAS-type detergents by bacteria from a sewage lagoon

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvest Halvorson ◽  
M. Ishaque
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Linear Alkylate Sulfonate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes

Linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) detergents Liqui-nox, commercial LAS, C11.3 LAS, C13.3 LAS, α-11 LAS, and α-14 LAS were metabolized very readily by mixed cultures of bacteria recovered during summer from a sewage lagoon; at least 97.5% of each LAS detergent was biologically removed under the experimental conditions used. The organisms were sensitive to temperature changes; α-14 LAS and Liqui-nox were used more slowly at 10 °C than at 25 °C but were not metabolized at 2 °C. Liqui-nox, the only detergent tested anaerobically, was not degraded in the absence of molecular oxygen. ABS was not metabolized under any of the experimental conditions.Bacteria recovered from under an ice cover during winter were not able to metabolize any of the detergents under any of the experimental conditions tested.The significance of these results is discussed for lagoon management in respect to seasonal change.

scholarly journals Temperature chaos is present in off-equilibrium spin-glass dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Baity-Jesi ◽  
Enrico Calore ◽  
Andrés Cruz ◽  
Luis Antonio Fernandez ◽  
José Miguel Gil-Narvion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Glass ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
Glass Dynamics ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractExperiments featuring non-equilibrium glassy dynamics under temperature changes still await interpretation. There is a widespread feeling that temperature chaos (an extreme sensitivity of the glass to temperature changes) should play a major role but, up to now, this phenomenon has been investigated solely under equilibrium conditions. In fact, the very existence of a chaotic effect in the non-equilibrium dynamics is yet to be established. In this article, we tackle this problem through a large simulation of the 3D Edwards-Anderson model, carried out on the Janus II supercomputer. We find a dynamic effect that closely parallels equilibrium temperature chaos. This dynamic temperature-chaos effect is spatially heterogeneous to a large degree and turns out to be controlled by the spin-glass coherence length ξ. Indeed, an emerging length-scale ξ* rules the crossover from weak (at ξ ≪ ξ*) to strong chaos (ξ ≫ ξ*). Extrapolations of ξ* to relevant experimental conditions are provided.

N2O producing capability of nitrosomonas europaea, nitrobacter winogradskyi and alcaligenes faecalis

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Inamori ◽  
Xiao-Lei Wu ◽  
Motoyuki Mizuochi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pva Gel ◽  
Different Cultures

Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi and Alcaligenes faecalis—typical ammonia-oxidizer, nitrite-oxidizer and heterotrophic nitrifier were immobilized in PVA gel and employed in the study. Continuous experiments were conducted in their pure and mixed cultures with DO concentrations in the cultures kept at 4, 2, 0.5 mg·l−1. Comparisons among N2O emission from different cultures were made to show their N2O producing capabilities. Results showed that: compared with N. europaea and A. faecalis, N. winogradskyi produced negligible N2O. On the other hand, N. europaea had the highest N2O producing ability. Unit N. europaea produced N2O 18–53 times higher than unit A. faecalis did. However, due to the higher population of A. faecalis, N2O production of the A. faecalis culture was higher than that of the N. europaea culture when DO concentration in the cultures was 2 mg·l−1; whereas, N2O yields of the A. faecalis culture were smaller than those of the N. europaea culture at DO concentrations of 4 and 0.5 mg·l−1. N2O emitted from most the mixed cultures was lower than that from pure cultures under the experimental conditions.

Influence of storage on kinetic selection to control aerobic filamentous bulking

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Majone ◽  
P. Massanisso ◽  
A. Carucci ◽  
K. Lindrea ◽  
V. Tandoi
Keyword(s):  
Transient Response ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
The Difference

In various activated sludge systems, sludge grows under transient (unbalanced) conditions and storage of internal polymers becomes important. Differences in storage capacity under transients are often used to explain kinetic control of bulking, but storage is neither studied in detail nor usually included in modelling. For this reason, the transient response of different aerobic mixed cultures was studied by experimentally determining the role of storage. Two different mixed cultures (bulking and non-bulking) were selected in an acetate-limited medium, by continuous or intermittent feeding of a CSTR, respectively. Batch tests were used to investigate the transient response of the selected cultures as a function of the starvation time and of the ratio of the initial concentration of the substrate and sludge biomass (So/Xo). In most experimental conditions, both cultures showed that the storage of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is in general the prevailing mechanism of substrate removal. In particular, the culture dominated by floc-formers showed very fast response to the substrate spike with a high observed yield. Storage was practically the only metabolism occurring. The ratio So/Xo did not have a major role in determining the type and extent of the response. Starvation did not affect the response of the floc-formers to transient conditions. For the filamentous bacteria, both the growth response and, even more significantly, the storage response were negatively affected. Hence, the difference in storage capacity between filamentous and floc-forming bacteria was further increased.

Synthesis of Magnesium Based Layered Hydroxide Salt and its Chemical Heat Storage Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Yamashita ◽  
Yoshimasa Sugie ◽  
Hideki Kita
Keyword(s):  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
New Material ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
High Storage ◽  
Storage Property ◽  
Single Reaction

A chemical heat storage method is advantageous in terms long periods of time storage and the high storage density are possible as compared to the direct storage methods. Normally, a reversible single reaction is utilized, then the heat storage temperature is limited. On the other hand, in order to store industrial waste ranging widely in the temperatures, it’s necessary to develop a new material which allows heat storage in a stepwise manner in response to temperature changes. In this study, we have investigated the effect of several experimental conditions on the synthesis of Mg based layered hydroxide by simple aqueous solution derived methods. In addition, the potentials of the multistep chemical heat storage property have been investigated.

scholarly journals Degradation of 3-Chlorobenzoate under Low-Oxygen Conditions in Pure and Mixed Cultures of the Anoxygenic Photoheterotroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris DCP3 and an Aerobic Alcaligenes Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Krooneman ◽  
Sytske van den Akker ◽  
Teresa M. Pedro Gomes ◽  
Larry J. Forney ◽  
Jan C. Gottschal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Additional Carbon Source

ABSTRACT The presence or absence of molecular oxygen has been shown to play a crucial role in the degradability of haloaromatic compounds. In the present study, it was shown that anaerobic phototrophic 3-chlorobenzoate (3CBA) metabolism by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DCP3 is oxygen tolerant up to a concentration of 3 μM O2. Simultaneous oxidation of an additional carbon source permitted light-dependent anaerobic 3CBA degradation at oxygen input levels which, in the absence of such an additional compound, would result in inhibition of light-dependent dehalogenation. Experiments under the same experimental conditions with strain DCP3 in coculture with an aerobic 3CBA-utilizing heterotroph, Alcaligenes sp. strain L6, revealed that light-dependent dehalogenation of 3CBA did not occur. Under both oxygen limitation (O2 < 0.1 μM) and low oxygen concentrations (3 μM O2), all the 3CBA was metabolized by the aerobic heterotroph. These data suggest that biodegradation of (halo)aromatics by photoheterotrophic bacteria such as R. palustris DCP3 may be restricted to anoxic photic environments.

Seasonal Change of Antarctic Sea Ice Cover

Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 187 (4174) ◽  
pp. 346-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Gordon ◽  
H. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice

Hypoxia-induced metabolic and core temperature changes in the squirrel monkey

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Horstman ◽  
L. E. Banderet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Skin Temperatures

To identify components of reduced core temperature (Tre) with exposure to hypoxia, oxygen uptake (VO2) and skin temperatures were measured in chair-restrained squirrel monkeys during conditions of 21% O2, 11% O2, and 11% O2 + 5% CO2. Exposure to 11% O2 resulted in a 20% decrease in VO2 and a 1.8 degrees C reduction of Tre with skin temperatures closely paralleling Tre. The addition of 5% CO2 to 11% O2 effectively blocked the decrease of both VO2 and Tre. The responses of one monkey (LD) exhibiting decreased Tre (greater than 2.0 degrees C) and 20% decrease in VO2 were compared to those of another (SD) exhibiting decreased Tre (less than 0.5 degrees C) and little change of VO2 under the same experimental conditions. Increased mean arterial blood pressure (BPa) and heart rate (HR) occurred for monkey SD, while for monkey LD BPa decreased and HR increased slightly. Arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and calculated arterial saturation of oxygen (SaO2) were higher, while PaCO2 was lower for monkey SD than for monkey LD. When 5% CO2 was added to 11% O2 both animals exhibited decreased PaO2, little change of Tre, VO2, PaCO2, arterial pH, and calculated SaO2, and increased BPa and HR. These data suggest that decreased Tre resulted from reduced heat production and reduced oxygen transport was primarily responsible for reduction of heat production.

Effect of electron beam on the crystal structure of nanoscale Al particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (22) ◽  
pp. 2050231
Author(s):  
T. T. Abdullayeva ◽  
S. H. Jabarov ◽  
S. Huseynli ◽  
B. A. Abdurakhimov ◽  
A. S. Abiyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Radiolytic Reduction

E-beam irradiation is one of the favorite methods of recent years and it can deliver the irradiation dose in just a few seconds to form nanoparticles. It is possible to obtain nanoparticles with different properties by changing the experimental conditions, as well as radiolytic reduction process can be adjusted through accelerators, it is possible to obtain oxides and hydroxides of metal nanoparticles. This paper reports the investigation of high-energy electron beams (EBs) on the crystal structure of 40–60 nm nanoscale Al particles. The crystal structure of the samples was calculated using the Rietveld method in the FullProf program. Structure analysis of three different irradiated ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) Al samples and nonirradiated Al samples was performed by XRD. Occurring energy during the process of linear electron acceleration was around [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2–3 MeV. All samples were irradiated at room temperature. In addition to STP, temperature changes can be observed when the particles are exposed to high energy for a long time. At STP, nanoscale Al particles combine with the oxygen of the air and form Al2O3. Also, X-ray diffraction study showed that the instability does not only belong to Al particles but also to Al2O3 in view of the fact that precarious Al(OH)3 crystal structures were observed. Thus, radiation dependence of lattice parameters was obtained, the mechanism of change of lattice parameters was determined due to radiation.

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