Survival of root-infecting fungi in soil. XIII. Decomposition of flavonoids and other phenolics in soil and their effects on Fusarium root rot of bean

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lewis ◽  
G. C. Papavizas
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin ◽  
Increase Disease Severity

The flavonoids rutin and quercetin and two of their decomposition products, phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid, were rapidly degraded in soil. Less than 10% of their phenolic nuclei were detected in soil, and from 27 to 57% of their structural carbons remained in soil after 9 weeks of incubation. Phenolic intermediates were not detected in soils amended with rutin or quercetin. There were no differences in the decomposition of any of the substrates in noninfested soil and in soils infested with F. solani f. sp. phaseoli. In pure culture, two virulent isolates of the pathogen could effectively metabolize a glucose–rhamnose mixture and protocatechuic acid, but only one of the isolates could use phloroglucinol and rutin to any great extent. When incorporated into soil at a rate of 0.1% and 0.3%, rutin, phloroglucinol, protocatechuic acid, and a glucose–rhamnose mixture significantly increased propagule numbers of the pathogen over that of the control. From 1 week, to the termination of the experiment after 9 weeks, more than 80% of the propagules of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli existed in the soils as chlamydospores. Propagule numbers were higher in soils amended with 0.3% substrate than in soils amended with 0.1% substrate, and the numbers 1 week after amendment addition were similar to those obtained 9 weeks after amendment addition. In the first and second crops of beans (planted 3 and 6 weeks after amendment incorporation), protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinol, at a concentration of 0.3%, were very effective in reducing root-rot severity. The other amendments, except quercetin, were effective in suppressing disease to various degrees. The effectiveness of the various amendments depended upon amendment concentration and time of planting. Quercetin, added to soil at either concentration, did not increase inoculum density but did increase disease severity.

The effect of common root rot on components of grain yield in Manitou wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on components of grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were sorted into severe (SE), moderate (MO), slight (SL), and clean (CL) categories based mainly on the extent of lesions on the subcrown internodes. The number of tillers per plant, the number and weight of grains per head, the weight per head, and the 1000-kernel weight in each category were determined. Increasing values of all five components were consistently associated with decreasing disease severity. SE was mostly significantly different from the other three categories in all components except 1000-kernel weight; differences between SL and MO were usually non-significant. CL and SL were mostly significantly different for the number of tillers per plant and weight per head but non-significant for the weight and number of grains per head and 1000-kernel weight. Apparently, the major effect of common root rot was to reduce the number of tillers per plant and number of grains per head.

scholarly journals Sources of Partial Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot in the Pisum Core Collection

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Grünwald ◽  
V. A. Coffman ◽  
J. M. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Complete Listing

Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, is one of the most important fungal diseases of pea and is found in most pea-growing areas around the world. Currently, no commercial cultivars are resistant to this pathogen. Availability of new sources of partial resistance could provide another tool for managing Fusarium root rot. In all, 387 accessions from the Pisum core collection were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in two independent experiments. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity for each accession indicated that the two experiments corresponded well. Forty-four plant introduction lines with a disease severity rating of 2.5 or less on a 0-to-5 scale (where 5 = completely rotted) were selected as being partially resistant to root rot. Immunity to Fusarium root rot was not found. Comparison of disease resistance data for Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot showed a weak, but significant and positive correlation. A complete listing of the data for the partial resistance of all accessions tested can be found at the National Plant Germplasm System website, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.

scholarly journals Trichoderma spp. decrease Fusarium root rot in common bean

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Teixeira ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula Júnior ◽  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Barreto da Silva ◽  
Camila Geovana Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Control Application

The effectiveness of six Trichoderma-based commercial products (TCP) in controlling Fusarium root rot (FRR) in common bean was assessed under field conditions. Three TCP, used for seed treatment or applied in the furrow, increased seedling emergence as much as the fungicide fludioxonil. FRR incidence was not affected, but all TCP and fludioxonil reduced the disease severity, compared to control. Application of Trichoderma-based products was as effective as that of fludioxonil in FRR management.

scholarly journals Biological control of fusarium root rot of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) with consortia of agriculturally important microorganisms in Viet Nam

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Chi Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Viet Hung ◽  
Hoang Thi Bich Thao ◽  
Chetan Keswani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Indian Mulberry ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Fusarium root rot disease in Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) (FRRBK), caused by Fusarium proliferatum (FP), is widespread and responsible for serious economic losses in Viet Nam. The efficacy of a new bio-product named MICROTECH-1(NL) is compared with other commercial products for suppression of FP under in vitro, pot, nursery as well as in the field conditions. Results In in vitro antagonistic assay, MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of FP (72.38%). Under pot conditions, the efficacy of all the bio-products was significantly higher when applied prior to pathogen inoculation. The disease severity of treatments with double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (applied both in the nursery and in the pot soil) was only 15.56%, significantly lower than control (80%). Thus, the application of MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly reduced the incidence of FP and markedly increased the number of plant beneficial bacteria and actinobacteria in rhizoplane of M. officinalis compared to untreated control. In the field conditions, double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (both in the nursery and in the field soils) significantly decreased disease severity in comparison to single application in nursery or field. Conclusion The most effective treatment was double application of MICROTECH-1(NL), which significantly reduced the disease severity and FP population in roots of M. officinalis and increased the population of plant beneficial microbes.

Assessment of yield loss caused by common root rot in wheat cultivars in Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Wildermuth ◽  
RD Tinline ◽  
RB McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on grain yield, number of tillers, number of grains and grain weight of wheat plants were determined in four field experiments. Sites with different soil populations of B. sorokiniana were selected and inoculum of the fungus added to some plots. Disease and yield measurements were made on eight cultivars and lines differing in susceptibility to CRR. Timgalen, Songlen and Hartog were susceptible whereas Kite, 1008 C16, 141-4 and ISWYN 32 were partially resistant to CRR. Grain yield, tiller and grain number, but not grain weight decreased as disease severity increased. Diseased plants had lower tiller numbers than healthy ones and as a consequence a reduced number of grains and grain yield per plant. Five methods were compared for estimating yield loss caused by the disease. Polynomial regression equations for each cultivar between yield and disease rating of sub-crown internodes or multiple regression equations between yield and disease parameters of sub-crown internodes or tiller bases were established. A third method involved the projection of yield losses from one cultivar to other cultivars and in a fourth method yield losses were estimated from actual yields. In addition, an equation Yield loss (%) = 3 46 + 0.23 disease severity) (%) was established in one experiment and used as a fifth method in the other experiments. Yield losses estimated by methods 1 and 2 were similar and higher than those from the other methods. In areas where disease severity is high, methods 1 and 5 appear to be the most suitable for determining yield losses. Losses in a susceptible cultivar, Timgalen, varied between 13.9 and 23.9% whereas those in a partially resistant cultivar, 1008 C16, varied between 6.8 and 13.6%.

scholarly journals Management of root rot of soybean in Alberta with fungicide seed treatments and genetic resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nyandoro ◽  
K.F. Chang ◽  
S.F. Hwang ◽  
H.U. Ahmed ◽  
G.D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Severity Rating

Root rot caused by Fusarium spp. is prevalent in soybean crops in Alberta, Canada. To mitigate the risk to soybean crops caused by Fusarium spp., nine seed-treatment fungicide formulations were assessed for their efficacy in promoting seedling survival, reducing root rot symptoms, and maintaining yield. Twelve soybean varieties were also assessed for resistance to seedling blight and tolerance to Fusarium root rot. All treatments except Vibrance + Apron XL improved emergence. All the fungicide formulations reduced root rot severity on Fusarium-inoculated soybean seedlings under field conditions and all treatments except Vibrance + Apron XL reduced root rot under greenhouse conditions. Among the varieties, ‘90M01’ showed lower reductions in emergence than all the others except ‘900Y61’ and ‘900Y81’ under field conditions and emergence losses for ‘900Y71’ were greater than all other varieties. ‘LS003RR’ had a lower disease severity rating compared with ‘TH32004R2Y’, ‘27005RR’, and ‘900Y71’. ‘NSC Portage’ had a higher nodulation rating compared with all the other varieties except ‘90M01’. Yield losses were consistently low for ‘TH32004R2Y’ and ‘900Y71’. Under greenhouse conditions, ‘900Y81’ had lower seedling losses compared with all the other varieties except ‘Tundra’ and ‘OAC Prudence’. ‘900Y71’ had a greater loss of emergence than all the other varieties except ‘NSC Portage’ and ‘LS005RR’. ‘900Y81’, ‘OAC Prudence’, and ‘Tundra’ had lower disease severity compared with all the other varieties except ‘TH27005RR’ and ‘900Y61’. Shoot length and dry mass were lower for ‘900Y81’ compared with all the other varieties, while root dry mass was lower for ‘OAC Prudence’ compared with ‘LS005RR’, ‘90M01’, ‘TH29002RR’, and ‘LS003RR’.

'Shinano Hope', a Fusarium Root Rot-Resistant Lettuce

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Tsuchiya ◽  
Kiyoshi Yoshida ◽  
Tomita Usui ◽  
Motohisa Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot
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