Chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria from the marine environment. II. Characterization of an obligately marine facultative autotroph

Frank W. Adair; K. Gundersen

doi:10.1139/m69-065

Chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria from the marine environment. II. Characterization of an obligately marine facultative autotroph

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m69-065 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 355-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank W. Adair ◽

K. Gundersen

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Growth Strain ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Thiosulfate Oxidation ◽

Sulfur Bacteria ◽

Marine Strain ◽

Complex Organic

Marine strain D10-B, a Gram-negative, non-motile, facultative chemoautotrophic sulfur bacterium, oxidized thiosulfate to sulfate with the production of energy which was used for 14CO2 fixation. The assimilation of 14CO2 was almost completely inhibited by 5 × 10−4 M 2,4-dinitrophenol. Thiosulfate oxidation was inhibited by 47% in the presence of 5 × 10−4 M KCN. The thiosulfate-oxidizing system appeared to be inducible. Elemental sulfur, sulfite, and tetrathionate were also respired, but only thiosulfate served as a substrate for growth. Strain D10-B grew heterotrophically on a variety of single and complex organic substrates. The organism was compared to Thiobacillus novellus and Thiobacillus intermedins. It was classified as a marine strain of T. novellus.

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Characterization of the key pathways of dissimilatory nitrate reduction and their response to complex organic substrates in hyporheic sediments

Limnology and Oceanography ◽

10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0387 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 387-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

K. Lansdown ◽

M. Trimmer ◽

C. M. Heppell ◽

F. Sgouridis ◽

S. Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reduction ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction ◽

Complex Organic ◽

Key Pathways

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Chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria in the marine environment. I. Isolation, cultivation, and distribution

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m69-064 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Frank W. Adair ◽

K. Gundersen

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Small Volume ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

The Other ◽

Mineral Salts ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Thiobacillus Thioparus ◽

Sulfur Bacteria ◽

Seawater Samples ◽

Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

Chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria were isolated in pure form from estuarine, neritic, and oceanic environments by the use of small-volume enrichment cultures. Thiosulfate was the only energy source added to the medium. Bicarbonate and carbon dioxide were the carbon sources.The bacteria were found in seawater samples collected at the surface and at a depth of 30 meters. Clay and mud sediments contained chemoautotrophs and heterotrophic pseudomonads with the capacity to oxidize thiosulfate.The isolated microorganisms differed greatly in their morphologies. Cells ranged in shape from vibrios to several varieties of rods which occurred alone, in pairs, in long chains, and in clusters. All of the bacteria were aerobic, Gram-negative, and non-sporulating.Growth characteristics with respect to the formation of elemental sulfur, production of tetrathionate, and final pH varied markedly. Colonies on thiosulfate – mineral salts agar were all 1 mm or less in diameter. A test, of two of the chemoautotrophs indicated a need for seawater in the growth medium.Out of a total of six different chemoautotrophic bacteria, one was identified as a strain of Thiobacillus thioparus. Another was facultatively autotrophic. The other four types were not compatible with the descriptions of any of the known thiobacilli.

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Isolation and Characterization of Strains CVO and FWKO B, Two Novel Nitrate-Reducing, Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Oil Field Brine

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.6.2491-2501.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 2491-2501 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

Diane Gevertz ◽

Anita J. Telang ◽

Gerrit Voordouw ◽

Gary E. Jenneman

Keyword(s):

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Sulfide Oxidation ◽

Sulfur Cycle ◽

Oil Field ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

16S Rrna Analysis ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Sulfur Bacteria ◽

Sole Product

ABSTRACT Bacterial strains CVO and FWKO B were isolated from produced brine at the Coleville oil field in Saskatchewan, Canada. Both strains are obligate chemolithotrophs, with hydrogen, formate, and sulfide serving as the only known energy sources for FWKO B, whereas sulfide and elemental sulfur are the only known electron donors for CVO. Neither strain uses thiosulfate as an energy source. Both strains are microaerophiles (1% O2). In addition, CVO grows by denitrification of nitrate or nitrite whereas FWKO B reduces nitrate only to nitrite. Elemental sulfur is the sole product of sulfide oxidation by FWKO B, while CVO produces either elemental sulfur or sulfate, depending on the initial concentration of sulfide. Both strains are capable of growth under strictly autotrophic conditions, but CVO uses acetate as well as CO2 as its sole carbon source. Neither strain reduces sulfate; however, FWKO B reduces sulfur and displays chemolithoautotrophic growth in the presence of elemental sulfur, hydrogen, and CO2. Both strains grow at temperatures between 5 and 40°C. CVO is capable of growth at NaCl concentrations as high as 7%. The present 16s rRNA analysis suggests that both strains are members of the epsilon subdivision of the division Proteobacteria, with CVO most closely related toThiomicrospira denitrifcans and FWKO B most closely related to members of the genus Arcobacter. The isolation of these two novel chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria from oil field brine suggests the presence of a subterranean sulfur cycle driven entirely by hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrate.

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Application of commercial test-systems to identify gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.01.043 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Patyka ◽

L. Butsenko ◽

L. Pasichnyk

Keyword(s):

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Test System ◽

Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Test Systems ◽

Facultatively Anaerobic ◽

Microbiological Methods

Aim. To validate the suitability of commercial API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) for the identifi cation and characterization of facultative gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial isolates. Methods. Conventional mi- crobiological methods, API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Re- sults. The identifi cation results for Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pantoea agglome- rans isolates were derived from the conventional and API 20E test systems, which, were in line with the literature data for these species. The API 20E test-system showed high suitability for P. agglomerans isolates identifi cation. Although not all the species of facultatively anaerobic phytopathogenic bacteria may be identi- fi ed using API 20E test-system, its application will surely allow obtaining reliable data about their physiologi- cal and biochemical properties, valuable for identifi cation of bacteria, in the course of 24 h. Conclusions. The results of tests, obtained for investigated species while using API 20E test-system, and those of conventional microbiological methods coincided. The application of API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) ensures fast obtain- ing of important data, which may be used to identify phytopathogenic bacteria of Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Pantoea genera.

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Electrophysiological Characterization of Transport Across Outer Membrane Channels from Gram-Negative Bacteria in Their Native Environment

10.26434/chemrxiv.8282204.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiajun Wang ◽

Rémi Terrasse ◽

Jayesh Arun Bafna ◽

Lorraine Benier ◽

Mathias Winterhalter

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Lipid Membrane ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Membrane Channels ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Electrophysiological Characterization

Multi-drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with low permeability of the outer membrane. To investigate the role of membrane channels in the uptake of antibiotics, we extract, purify and reconstitute them into artificial planar membranes. To avoid this time-consuming procedure, here we show a robust approach using fusion of native outer membrane vesicles (OMV) into planar lipid bilayer which moreover allows also to some extend the characterization of membrane protein channels in their native environment. Two major membrane channels from Escherichia coli, OmpF and OmpC, were overexpressed from the host and the corresponding OMVs were collected. Each OMV fusion revealed surprisingly single or only few channel activities. The asymmetry of the OMV´s translates after fusion into the lipid membrane with the LPS dominantly present at the side of OMV addition. Compared to conventional reconstitution methods, the channels fused from OMVs containing LPS have similar conductance but a much broader distribution. The addition of Enrofloxacin on the LPS side yields somewhat higher association (kon) and lower dissociation (koff) rates compared to LPS-free reconstitution. We conclude that using outer membrane vesicles is a fast and easy approach for functional and structural studies of membrane channels in the native membrane.

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