METABOLISM OF HISTIDINE BY PEPTOCOCCUS AEROGENES

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. McConnell ◽  
D. F. Horler ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Glutaconic Acid ◽  
Acid Pathway

Peptococcus aerogenes ferments histidine-α-14C to acetic, butyric, and formic acids. The distribution of carbon-14 in acetic and butyric acids was consistent with that expected if the urocanic acid pathway was used for the metabolism of histidine. Radioactive glutaconic acid also was isolated from such reaction mixtures. Glutamic acid accumulated when histidine was fermented under sodium-deficient conditions.

EXCRETION OF 4(5)-AMINO-5(4)-IMIDAZOLECARBOXAMIDE AND FORMIMINO-L-GLUTAMIC ACID IN FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENT RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. McGeer ◽  
N. P. Sen ◽  
D. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Deficient Group

The excretion of 4(5)-amino-5(4)-imidazolecarboxamide (AIC) in the urines of normal rats, rats raised on a folic acid deficient diet, and rats raised on a vitamin B12 deficient diet was measured. The AIC excretion was elevated 3-fold above normal in the B12 deficient group and 1.5-fold above normal in the folic acid deficient group.No evidence could be found that the raised AIC excretion was associated with a block in the conversion of AIC to purines. The recovery of radioactive AIC in the urine after an intraperitoneal dose of 2 μmoles AIC per kg was not increased over normal in any of the deficient groups, and was significantly less than normal in the B12-deficient group. Most of the urinary radioactivity in all groups was in allantoin, uric acid, and purines.When a load of 220 μmoles of AIC per kg was administered there was no difference between the vitamin B12 deficient and the normal groups in AIC recovery in the urine. When a load of 220 μmoles of urocanic acid per kg was administered, however, the B12-deficient group had an 18-fold increase over normal in Figlu excretion, and the folic acid deficient group a 17-fold increase. Thus, a substantial block in formimino-L-glutamic acid (Figlu) metabolism, but not in AIC metabolism, existed in the vitamin-deficient groups.Feeding a B12-deficient group a 2% methionine supplement reduced the Figlu excretion after a urocanic acid load to less than half that observed in B12-deficient groups without methionine supplementation, but had no influence on the AIC excretion.

Synthesis for Carbon-14 Labeled dl-Glutamic Acid

1952 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2444-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Speer ◽  
Ammarette Roberts ◽  
Margaret Maloney ◽  
Henry R. Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Carbon 14

THE METABOLISM OF VALERATE-2-C14 BY UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Reisener ◽  
A. J. Finlayson ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

When uredospores of Puccinia graminis var. tritici race 15B were shaken in a medium containing M/30 phosphate buffer, pH 6.2, and valerate-2-C14, about 88% of the radioactivity was removed from the buffer solution in a period of 3 hours. About 40% of the carbon-14 taken from the buffer was found in a water-soluble extract of the spores and about 15% was respired as carbon dioxide. The result is compared with an earlier report that carbon 1 of valerate is more extensively released as carbon dioxide and less extensively incorporated into spore components. Glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and alanine of high specific activity were isolated. It was estimated from partial degradation that more than one-half of the carbon-14 of glutamic acid occurred in position 4 and that carbon 5 was very weakly labelled. Citric acid was also of high specific activity and was labelled predominantly in the internal carbons.It is concluded that respiring rust spores utilize externally supplied valerate by β-oxidation, which releases carbons 1 and 2 in a form which is metabolized as acetate by the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

STUDIES ON WHEAT PLANTS USING CARBON-14 LABELLED COMPOUNDS: X. THE INCORPORATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID-l-C14

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Carbon 14

Glutamic acid-1-C14 was injected into the top internode of wheat stems at a stage of growth when kernel development was rapid (71 days after seeding). The plants were harvested 31 days later when they had matured and the incorporation of carbon-14 studied. About one-third of the carbon-14 administered was found in the upper portions of the mature plants, much of the remaining radioactivity having apparently been respired. About 85% of the carbon-14 recovered was found in the kernel. The protein fractions of these were most radioactive, but an appreciable amount of carbon-14 also appeared in the starch. Glutamic acid had the highest specific activity of the amino acids isolated from the gluten, but proline and arginine were also strongly labelled. Since these three amino acids were labelled predominantly in carbon-1 their close metabolic relationship in the wheat plant seems probable.

THE METABOLISM OF PROPIONATE BY WHEAT STEM RUST UREDOSPORES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Reisener ◽  
A. J. Finlayson ◽  
W. B. McConnell ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Carbon 14

When uredospores of wheat stem rust were shaken for 3 hours with phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) containing propionate-1-C14, -2-C14, or -3-C14, about 55% of the carbon-14 was removed from the solution. With propionate-1-C14, most of the carbon-14 taken up was released as carbon dioxide-C14, whereas about 20% and 31% of propionate carbon 2 and carbon 3, respectively, was incorporated into the spores. The specific activity of a fraction consisting of the free amino acids of a hot-alcohol and hot-water extract of the spores increased markedly with increase in the position number of propionate in which the carbon-14 was located. A similar relation was observed for other fractions such as soluble carbohydrates, ether-soluble material, organic acids, and insoluble residue from spores. The most active amino acids isolated were glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and alanine. Partial degradations showed that with propionate-2-C14 the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid were especially radioactive, whereas with propionate-3-C14 the internal carbons were most radioactive.It is concluded that propionate metabolism in the rust spores involved conversion of carbon 1 to carbon dioxide, and utilization of carbons 2 and 3 as acetate with carbon 2 behaving as the carboxyl carbon.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF UROCANIC-α-C14 ACID

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kraml ◽  
L. P. Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Short Time

The existence of radioactive metabolites in the liver extracts of rats a short time after injection of urocanic-α-C14 acid has been investigated. Glutamic acid, N-formiminoglutamic acid, and an unknown compound that yields glutamic acid on hydrolysis were the major urocanic acid catabolites found therein. These three substances accounted for as much as 75% of the total radiocarbon in the extracts. The sole catabolic pathway of importance for urocanic acid, in the rat, is the formation of glutamic acid. Since formylglutamic acid could not be detected in these extracts, the role of this substance as an obligatory urocanic acid catabolite becomes questionable.

STUDIES ON WHEAT PLANTS USING C14 COMPOUNDS: IV. DISTRIBUTION OF C14 IN GLUTAMIC ACID, ASPARTIC ACID, AND THREONINE ARISING FROM ACETATE-1-C14 AND -2-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon 14

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and threonine isolated from the gluten of wheat plants to which acetate-1-C14 or -2-C14 was administered during growth have been degraded to determine the complete intramolecular distribution of C14. Sixty-three per cent of the activity in glutamic acid arising from acetate-1-C14 was in carbon-5 and 20% in carbon-1; glutamic acid from acetate-2-C14 contained 43% of the activity in carbon-4 and about 18% in each of carbons 2 and 3. Acetate-1-C14 resulted in labelling largely in the terminal carbons of aspartic acid, and acetate-2-C14 preferentially labelled the internal carbons. The results show that the Krebs' citric acid cycle provides a major pathway for the biosynthesis of the dicarboxylic amino acids of wheat gluten.Striking parallelism in the intramolecular distribution of carbon-14 in aspartic acid and threonine demonstrates that these amino acids are closely linked biosynthetically and is in accord with the idea that aspartic acid provides the carbon skeleton for threonine.

Amino Acid Requirements for the Wheat Stem Sawfly Determined with Glucose-U-C14 after Vacuum-infiltration

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Radioactive Substrate

AbstractGlucose-U-C14 was incorporated into immature larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., by vacuum-infiltration. These insects were too small to be conveniently injected and could not be easily fed on artificial diets. About half of them survived the infiltration treatment. C14O2 was produced by the organism showing that the radioactive substrate was metabolized. Of the amino acids isolated from the larvae, proline, alanine, glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, and glycine contained relatively large quantities of carbon-14 indicating biosynthesis, and are classed as nutritionally non-essential. In contrast, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine contained little, if any, radioactivity and are classed as nutritionally essential. The concentrations of some of the amino acids in the larval tissues are also presented.

Labeling patterns in glutamic acid in Nicotiana rustica from carbon-14 dioxide

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (15) ◽  
pp. 3938-3939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Burns ◽  
Robert M. O'Neal ◽  
Roger E. Koeppe
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nicotiana Rustica ◽  
Carbon 14
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document