INDUCTION AND REPRESSION OF ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE SYNTHESIS BY PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Keen ◽  
J. C. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Mucic Acid ◽  
Tartronic Acid ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris ◽  
Fungus Growth

Endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) synthesis was inducible in standing and replacement liquid culture by Pyrenochaeta terrestris. Inducers were galacturonic acid, its polymers (pectin and polypectate), and structural relatives (mucic acid, tartronic acid, and dulcitol). On pectin, fungus growth and endo-PG synthesis were proportional to initial pectin concentration.Synthesis of endo-PG on pectin was stimulated by hexose supplements at 0.005 M and repressed by supplements at 0.05 M and above. Thus, repression of induced endo-PG synthesis was not dominant at low supplement concentrations as was found for induced cellulase synthesis by the same organism. This suggests that the production of endo-PG by the parasite during pathogenesis is less repressed by host sugars than is cellulase synthesis.

OXIDATION OF D-GALACTURONIC ACID WITH SOME DELIGNIFYING AND BLEACHING AGENTS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1820-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Zienius ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Silver Salt ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Mucic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Tartronic Acid ◽  
Approximate Order

D-Galacturonic acid was oxidized with decreasing ease, and in the approximate order shown, by excess of the following agents: sodium chlorite near pH 2.8 and 75°; sodium hypochlorite at pH 10–11 and 25°; chlorine dioxide, pH 1.3 or 5 at 75°; chlorine near 0° and pH 5 (slight); and hydrogen peroxide at pH 10–11 and 25° (negligible). Some uronic acid was always recovered unchanged, even from conditions that would have oxidized glucose quantitatively to gluconic acid. The only other products were mucic acid, together with DL-tartaric acid and tartronic acid presumably derived therefrom. Chlorine dioxide, however, never produced tartronic acid. Methyl-α-D-galacturonoside methyl ester yielded some galacturonic acid when exposed to alkaline hypochlorite or peroxide, and this cleavage of the glycosidic group was tentatively attributed to the oxidants rather than to the alkalinity of the systems.Anhydrous bromine degraded the silver salt of methyl-α-D-galacturonoside in poor yield to a syrup which was probably L-arabotrihydroxyglutaric dialdehyde.

REGULATION OF INDUCED CELLULASE SYNTHESIS IN PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS GORENZ ET AL. BY UTILIZABLE CARBON COMPOUNDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Horton ◽  
N. T. Keen
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Threshold Rate ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Related Compounds

Cellulase (Cx) synthesis was inducible by Pyrenochaeta terrestris in liquid culture. Cellulase activities on various types and amounts of cellulose reached specific maximum plateaus which were maintained indefinitely. These plateaus were reestablished when the enzyme was diluted at each substrate concentration. The maximum levels appeared related to rates of cellulolysis. Above a low threshold rate of hydrolysate liberation, maximum Cx levels are ordered inversely to cellulolytic rates. Supplementing the inducer cellulose with glucose or related compounds above 5 × 10−4 M repressed synthesis nearly to the basal level. The evidence lends credence to a hypothesis that Cx synthesis by P. terrestris is regulated by an inducer:repressor mechanism.

scholarly journals Engineering marine fungi for conversion of d-galacturonic acid to mucic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virve Vidgren ◽  
Satu Halinen ◽  
Anu Tamminen ◽  
Susanna Olenius ◽  
Marilyn G. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Mucic Acid

Water-soluble constituents of fruit. IV. The organic acids in peaches

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFLJ Anet ◽  
TM Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mucic Acid ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Basic Anion ◽  
Exchange Resins

The acids in several varieties of peaches were separated by displacement chromatography on strongly basic anion-exchange resins. l-Quinic, L-malic, and citric acids were the three main acids, any one of them being the predominant acid depending on the variety, season, and maturity of the fruit. Mucic acid was found in small quantity in all samples ; galacturonic acid was only present in fruit picked at commercial maturity and ripened at 20 �C. The effect of maturity on the three major acids was studied for one crop of Blackburn Elberta peaches; the immature fruit contained only traces of citric acid.

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

Purdie reagent-induced C(5)-epimerization of D-galacturonic acid derivatives in the presence of methyl sulphide

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 3119-3130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kováč ◽  
J. Hirsch ◽  
R. Palovčík ◽  
I. Tvaroška ◽  
S. Bystrický
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

scholarly journals Isolation of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis in the Feces and Tissue of Small Ruminants Using a Non-Automated Liquid Culture Method

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Luigi De Grossi ◽  
Davide Santori ◽  
Antonino Barone ◽  
Silvia Abbruzzese ◽  
Matteo Ricchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Type I ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Since isolation of MAP type I (S) is rarely reported in Italy, our research was aimed at isolating, by an inexpensive liquid culture manual method, this type of MAP isolates. At first, we used an ELISA to point out to serologically positive samples from five flocks. Secondly, we used a fecal direct IS900-qPCR on the ELISA positive samples, in order to detect shedder animals. Feces from IS900-qPCR positive samples were inoculated in solid and liquid culture media. IS900-qPCR was further used to test the growth of MAP isolates in liquid medium, which were further confirmed by f57-qPCR and submitted to typing by specific PCR in order to identify the MAP type. Twenty-eight samples (24 fecal and four tissutal samples) were processed by culture methods, resulting in the isolation of six type I MAP field isolates. Notably, no isolates were recovered by solid media, underlining the utility of this liquid method. Few data about this type of MAP are currently available in Italy, and further analyses should be carried out in order to study the origin and epidemiology of type I strains circulating in Italy.

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