THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS)

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Dense Material ◽  
Envelop Virus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Polyhedral Shape ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus

Virus particles and polyhedra develop in patches of viroplasm in the cytoplasm of mid-gut cells of larvae of the spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). Normal components of the cell disintegrate as the disease spreads, and either they completely disappear or mitochondria, ribosomes, and other components form rings in the outer regions of the cell.Polyhedra develop from dense material which appears to attract and envelop virus particles. Only complete particles with large prominent cores are incorporated into growing polyhedra. As the polyhedra mature, they assume a smooth outline and polyhedral shape and either cease to attract virus particles, or their size is limited by the amount of polyhedron protein and numbers of complete virus particles produced in the cell. Although most of the virus particles not incorporated into polyhedra appear incomplete, the large masses of incomplete particles formed in a similar type of disease of another insect were not found in bud worm larvae.

INFECTION AND MORTALITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, AND FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA, CAUSED BY NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractCytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are, in general, more infectious to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), than the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses which affect these insects. The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses interfere with and retard development of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.Larvae of both insects, as they grow older, develop resistance to both viruses. Resistance develops more rapidly and to a greater degree against the nuclear polyhedrosis than against the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.The nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are more lethal than the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, and all larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses die except those infected so late in larval development that they are able to pupate. Most young larvae infected with the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus die or are seriously affected, but infection has progressively less effect as the larvae mature.

ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSECT CYTOPLASMIC-POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS PARTICLES

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus

The cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus particle is an icosahedron about 68 mμ in diameter. It consists of a capsid, made up of two concentric rings, and an inner core. The capsid has 12 projections.Large masses consisting mostly of the capsids of virus particles develop in the cytoplasm of gut cells infected with cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus. Cores of the virus particles are found on the outer surfaces of these masses or in material adjacent to them. The complete virus particle is assembled just before it is enveloped by protein and incorporated into a developing polyhedron.Granules, tentatively identified as lysosomes, increase in number and size during the early stages of infection. Other granules and bodies observed in the gut cells are described.

A CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS OF HYALOPHORA CECROPIA (LINNAEUS)

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Hyalophora Cecropia

Hyalophora cecropia (Linnaeus) is susceptible to infection by a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Electron microscope studies showed spherical viral particles known as "cores" which remain in groups of 12 to 17 subunits. The virus particles were embedded in a protein mass located in craters of the polyhedra. Larvae of the first, second, and third instars were more susceptible to viral infection than later instars. However, up to 50% of the larvae of later instars sometimes survived. The larvae of subsequent instars and the pupa were very resistant and periodic injections of strong dosages of virus material produced no ill effect. In general, larvae infected by this cytoplasmic virus shrank to less than half normal size before death.

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Economical Alternative

The eastern spruce budwonn, Choristoneuva fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic virus (CPV), and entomopox virus (EPV), of which the most intensively studied is NPV (CfMNPV) (Cunningham 1985). If CfMNPV is ever to be deemed an effective and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for spruce budworm control, additional research is required.

RESPONSE OF THIRD-, FOURTH-, FIFTH-, AND SIXTH-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), LARVAE TO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
P.M. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Feeding Techniques

Four different types of insect viruses have been isolated from the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), but most research efforts have been concentrated on developing the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as a viable control agent (Cunningham 1985). There are no published reports of LD50 values for this important forest pest. Recently, a LC50 of 483 viral polyhedra per square millimetre of diet surface for fifth-instar budworm larvae was determined using surface contamination feeding techniques (Cunningham et al. 1983). Because the dosages used in efficacy trials are derived from laboratory LD50 values, experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this NPV to eastern spruce budworm. Bioassays were conducted with all feeding instars. Reported here are values for the LD50 dosages for third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae.

Sequence analysis and expression of the polyhedrin gene of Choristoneura fumiferana cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CfCPV)

Gene ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 198 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Echeverry ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
William Kaupp ◽  
Claude Guertin ◽  
Maximilien Arella
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Polyhedrin Gene ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus

Dissemination of Viruses Against the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs ◽  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Made In

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and to a granulosis virus which may occur as single infections (Bergold 1950, 1951) or as double infections (Bird, 1959). Laboratory studies have shown that relatively heavy concentrations of either virus musr be injected or fed to hudworm larvae to cause infection and death. In one quantitative study Bergold (1951) estimated that the intralymphal LD50 of the polyhedrosis virus for the budworm is about 5000 times that for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., when each is administered to its natural host. Field tests of the viruses were made in 1959 and 1960 to determine whether infection and mortality would result from spraying suspensions in infested forests.

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