FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE REACTION OF PARAMECIUM TO CIGARETTE PAPER ASH SOLUTIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Spectrochemical Analysis ◽  
Paramecium Caudatum ◽  
Neutralization Equivalent ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Reaction Intensity ◽  
Cigarette Paper

The reaction of Paramecium caudatum to solutions containing the ash of cigarette paper was consistent with the response of Paramecium aurelia previously reported. After this confirmation, both these species of Paramecium were used as test organisms during a search for the causative agents for the "Paramecium reaction". A qualitative spectrochemical analysis of cigarette paper ash showed that its chief constituent is calcium (97%) with 12 other detected elements present at levels too low to elicit any response from paramecia. Hydroxyl ions in concentrations equivalent to 0.001 M Ca(OH)2, 0.0008 M KOH, or 0.002 M NaOH simulated but did not duplicate the effect of standard cigarette paper ash solution (as of one cigarette paper in 20 ml water). While neutralization caused the three hydroxide solutions to lose their toxicity, the toxicity of cigarette paper ash solution was not appreciably affected by neutralization. Equivalent solutions of facial tissue, filter paper, and a paper towel, burned the same way as cigarette paper, were used as controls. Each of them affected paramecia differently and none simulated the Paramecium reaction. Further, a comparison between ashes from a paperless cigarette, a whole cigarette, and one with two extra roll-your-own wrappers demonstrated a dependence of the Paramecium reaction on cigarette paper ash as well as a direct correlation between the reaction intensity and the amount of cigarette paper ash present.

scholarly journals Anti-Pseudomonal Effect of Argan Oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Burn Patients in Hilla City, Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Kadhim Al-Saffar ◽  
Hussein Kadhim Al-saffar ◽  
Habeeb Sahib Naher ◽  
Noor Salman Al-Khafaji ◽  
Hussein Oleiwi Al-Dahmoshi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Argan Oil ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Test Organisms

The burn and wound infection is considered one of the major health problems in the world, and one of the most frequent and severe complications in patients who have sustained burn. P. aeruginosa is a common cause of wound infections, especially of thermal burns, this is because burns have large exposed areas of dead tissue free of any defenses and, therefore, are ideal sites for infection by bacteria from the environment or normal microbiota. To assess Antibacterial effect Different concentrations of both Argan Oil (which was fetched from Maraco Kingdom) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Bacterial isolates obtained from the Central Laboratory in Hilla City, Iraq. was preliminary diagnosed in this Lab. as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the causative agents of skin and burns infections and the more resistant bacteria to antibiotics. Those isolates were reidentified in our Lab. for confirmation. The test bacterial isolates were treated with; H2O2 (1.5%) alone, Argan oil alone and with physiological saline as a control (by using the wells in agar method). No effect on bacterial activities and vitality were observed in this experiment. Argan oil and H2O2(1.5%) were combined together to form compounds in a rate of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 respectively. The results of this experiment revealed considerable effects on test organisms since the diameter of inhibition zones recorded as high as 23.82mm., 24.57mm. and 23.05mm. These effective of Argan oil Mixing with 1.5% H2O2 on P. aeruginosa burn isolates show remarkable results when compared to highly active antibiotics like Amikacin, Tobramycin, Ceftazidime, Aztreonam, Norfloxacin and Gentamycin.

Preservation of Plant Cell Surfaces For Scanning Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

The use of critical point drying is rapidly becoming a popular method of preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is rapid, and produces consistent results with a variety of samples. The preservation of surface details is much greater than that of air drying, and the procedure is less complicated than that of freeze drying. This paper will present results comparing conventional air-drying of plant specimens to critical point drying, both of fixed and unfixed material. The preservation of delicate structures which are easily damaged in processing and the use of filter paper as a vehicle for drying will be discussed.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Taylor ◽  
Henrie Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

Computers and Iatrocomplexities

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Faer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Lung Malignancies ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Multiple Etiology ◽  
Great Advance

Developments of disease hypotheses and conceptions of disease as philosophic entities have shown bursts of great advance. One just concluded includes emergence of bacteriology and virology culminating in Koch’s Postulates, which in the twentieth century were primary bases for disease study and colored all approaches to medicine.With recent extraordinary advances in technology, medicine faces great new obligations demanding fresh approaches and untrammeled thinking for solution of problems posed. It is clear that any approach to diseases and disabilities induced by exposures to environmental pollutants must take multiple etiology into account. For example, contributing to causation of lung malignancies one must list usual dusts, radioactivity, smog, auto exhausts, cigarette smoke and genetic composition. Consideration of plural factors in genesis of environmentally associated disease leads to the hypothesis of the incremental insult, a complex and difficult conception in which must be included provision for multiple causative agents, each contributing but a fraction toward total etiology^ Computers developed to their present refinement provide necessary tools for whatever complexity required to spawn and fructify hypotheses of inter-relating associations of incremental insults leading to pathology.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

The Control of Cigarette Smoke Deliveries Using Heat-Shrinkable Films

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crellin ◽  
G. O. Brooks ◽  
H. G. Horsewell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
High Degree

AbstractA ventilating filter for cigarettes has been developed which reduces the delivery of smoke constituents from the final two to three puffs. Since the normaI delivery for these three puffs can account for up to half the total particulate matter and nicotine delivered by the whole cigarette, usefuI reductions per cigarette can be produced. The ventilating filter consists of cellulose acetate tow wrapped in heat-shrinkable film and attached to a tobacco rod using perforated tipping paper. When the cigarette is smoked, the perforations remain closed by contact with the impermeable film until transfer of heat to the filter is sufficient to soften the filter tow and shrink the film. Ventilating air now enters the cigarette and reduces the smoke deliveries. The effectiveness of the ventilating filter is increased by using films which have a low shrink temperature, high shrink tension and a high degree of biaxiaI shrinkage. Increases in filter plasticiser level, tipping perforation area and puff volume improve the effectiveness of the ventilating filter but increases in cigarette paper porosity and tobacco butt length reduce the effectiveness

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