BIOSYNTHESIS OF RIBOFLAVIN BY EREMOTHECIUM ASHBYII: IX. GROWTH AND RIBOFLAVIN FORMATION AND THEIR RELATION TO THE UTILIZATION AND ASSIMILATION OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Osman ◽  
M. S. Chenouda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Lactic Acids

The major amount of riboflavin is formed when the mycelia reach a mature stage and the major carbon source is almost exhausted. While the riboflavin is being synthesized in larger quantities, the mycelial dry weight, the total nitrogen, and total lipid content decrease. The mobilized cell reserves may be those components which call upon the biosynthesis of the major amount of the vitamin. At the stage of growth where glucose is almost completely utilized an increase in the excretion of pyruvic and lactic acids from the mycelia into the culture medium occurs. This may partly explain the increase in the acidity of the culture medium at that stage.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

scholarly journals MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

scholarly journals Preparation of an experimental low-fluoride diet from single-cell organisms for rats and mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Khalawan ◽  
J. C. Elliott ◽  
R. W. Fearnhead
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Maize Oil

1. A method for producing a standard low-fluoride diet from a green alga and yeast is described. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was grown in a culture medium prepared with distilled water and analytical grade chemical salts. The spent culture medium from the alga culture was reclaimed and replenished with salts and sucrose for the production of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.2. The single-cell organisms were separated by centrifugation from their culture media and the dried cells were blended with sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and a salt mix to produce diet pellets for rats and mice.3. The diet was readily accepted as food by rats and mice and it was found to contain 100–300 μg fluoride/kg dry weight. Two generations of rats and four generations of mice were bred on this diet.4. The use of hydroxyapatite to reduce the fluoride content of the chemicals used in the production of the alga and yeast biomass was investigated. Diet pellets prepared with this biomass contained 45–60 μg fluoride/kg dry weight.

Relationship Between Grain Nitrogen, Non-Protein Nitrogen and Nucleic Acids During Wheat Grain Development

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Eight wheat varieties which normally produce grain of different final percentage nitrogen content were grown under field and glasshouse conditions. The final percentage grain nitrogen of the field grown varieties ranked in the expected order; however, total nitrogen/grain, DNAIgrain, RNA/grain and non-protein nitrogen/grain during grain development differed between varieties. DNA/grain reached a maximum value in all varieties between 21 and 28 days post- anthesis, suggesting a longer period of cell division than previously reported. There was no apparent relationship between final percentage grain nitrogen and either DNA, total grain RNA or the concentration of grain amino acids during development. Heads from glasshouse grown wheat were detached at 8 days postanthesis and grown in liquid culture under conditions where the nitrogen concentration of the culture medium was varied. Fresh weight/grain, DNA/grain, RNA/grain and total grain nitrogen all increased with increasing nitrogen concentration in the culture medium, but grain dry weight remained constant at the different nitrogen concentrations. The changes in fresh weight/grain, DNA/grain and RNA/grain were not the same for all varieties. A possible relationship between total grain nitrogen and DNA/grain and RNA/grain during seed development exists for heads grown in culture for individual varieties. This apparent relationship for individual varieties cannot be used to explain intervarietal differences in total grain nitrogen because in some cases different varieties grown under identical culture conditions, although producing grain of equivalent total nitrogen, had widely differing levels of both DNA and RNA per grain.

scholarly journals Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Sipaúba-Tavares ◽  
B. Scardoeli-Truzzi ◽  
D. C. Fenerick ◽  
M. G. Tedesque
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Commercial Culture ◽  
Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Alternative Culture ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.

scholarly journals Sorption of Zinc by exopolysaccharides produced by liquid media of phytopatogenic fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2312-2317
Author(s):  
JUAN DIEGO VALENZUELA-COBOS ◽  
ANA GRIJALVA-ENDARA
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium

Phytopathogenic fungi such as: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer were cultivated in three different liquid culture media: LCC (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 ), LC2 (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 2 g L-1 ) and LC3 (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 10 g L-1 ) under pH of 5.5 for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The liquid culture medium (LC3) used in cultivation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the highest production of biomass (15.40 g L-1 ) and exopolysaccharides (3.40 g L-1 ). Exopolysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the liquid culture medium (LC3) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides presented the highest absorption content of Zinc (56 mg g-1 ). The results presented that the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the greatest biosorbent capacity of Zinc (Zn) using the culture medium with the highest amount of tryptone peptone.

scholarly journals Studies on the lipid content and phosphate requirement of glucose- and acetate-grown Escherichia coli

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Damoglou ◽  
E A Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Phosphate

1. The phosphate requirement, i.e. the concentration of inorganic orthophosphate that just ceases to be limiting for growth, of Escherichia coli N.C.T.C. 5928 was determined for growth in ammonium–salts media containing glucose or acetate as the carbon and energy source, and compared with that of six other strains of E. coli. 2. The phosphate requirement for E. coli N.C.T.C. 5928 growing on acetate was about ten times that for growth on glucose, but this difference was not observed with any of the other strains. 3. After about 40 generations' growth on acetate with phosphate limitation in a chemostat, the phosphate requirement of the cells gradually decreased until it was equivalent to that of the glucose-grown organism; a single passage through glucose batch culture sufficed to restore the original high phosphate requirement, indicating a permeability phenomenon. 4. The lipid content of E. coli N.C.T.C. 5928 grown on glucose or acetate was measured isotopically by fractionation of cells grown on inorganic [32P]orthophosphate and gravimetrically after extraction from the cells by three different methods; change of carbon source from glucose to acetate did not affect the lipid content, which remained constant at 8–9% of the bacterial dry weight.

Water Relations and Composition of Wheat Ears Grown in Liquid Culture: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWR Barlow ◽  
GR Donovan ◽  
JW Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Detached wheat ears were grown, under lighted controlled conditions, in liquid culture media containing different concentrations of sucrose and amino acid. Higher levels of sucrose in the culture medium resulted in decreased transpiration, with large accumulations of soluble sugar in the bracts. The sugar accumulations led to decreased total and osmotic potentials of the bracts, but turgor was maintained or increased. The concentration of sucrose or nitrogen in the culture medium had no significant effect on the water or osmotic potentials of the grain. Soluble sugar concentrations in the grain were not affected by increasing the sucrose concentration in the culture medium. Increasing the nitrogen level in the culture medium led to increased concentrations of total nitrogen and non- protein nitrogen in the grain. Higher protein levels in the grain resulted in increased water content but no significant changes in the water potential of the grain. The grain was the strongest nitrogen sink within the ear and, within the grain, starch and protein synthesis were independent of each other. Proline accumulated in the bracts and to a lesser extent in the rachis in response to the accumulation of soluble sugars and nitrogen rather than to the low osmotic or total water potentials. Little proline accumulated in the grain and this was presumed to be due to translocation from other parts of the ear rather than to in situ synthesis.

scholarly journals Increasing lipid content from biomass of microalgae to produce biofuels with optimization of nitrogen source

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13011
Author(s):  
Istikhomah Putri Ayuwaningsih ◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Astri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Operational Conditions

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source to lipid productivity of mixed culture of green microalgae consisting of Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus as lipid sources. In research, cultures were cultivated in a 1.5 L glass photobioreactor with batch culture system. The operational conditions of this research were carried out at pH 6.0, 27 °C, aeration with air flow 150 mL/sec, and 2400 lux with vary amount of urea as a source of nitrogen as much (grams) 0.0; 0.5; 1.0. The Bligh and Dyer extraction is performed to produce biofuels after harvesting process and to analyze lipid content. Analysis of fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Method, analysis of dry weight using Gravimetric Method, and analysis of cell density using Spectrofotometry Method. This research concludes that with 0.5 grams of urea fertilizer can produce dry weight and total lipid content optimally that were 0.26% (w/w) and 36,35% (w/w). This research concludes that increasing amount of nitrogen source could be increasing green microalgae biomass but is not for increased lipid content. The high lipid content can be produced by decreasing 50% nitrogen source.

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