PLAQUE FORMATION BY POLIO AND MEASLES VIRUSES IN BS-C-1 (HOPPS) CELLS DERIVED FROM THE AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Furesz ◽  
Pierre Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
High Passage ◽  
Green Monkey ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Low Passage ◽  
Passage Cells

BS-C-1 cells, cultivated in a simple medium designated M-E, were found to be suitable for a plaque assay of polio and measles viruses. In the plaque assay both low- and high-passage levels of the BS-C-1 cell line were highly susceptible to measles virus but titers of polioviruses were lower in the high-passage cells. Low-passage cells, preserved and stored at −196 °C for prolonged periods, are recommended for the titration of polio and measles viruses.

scholarly journals Cadmium Complexed with β2-Microglubulin, Albumin and Lipocalin-2 rather than Metallothionein Cause Megalin:Cubilin Dependent Toxicity of the Renal Proximal Tubule

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Fels ◽  
Bettina Scharner ◽  
Ralf Zarbock ◽  
Itzel Pamela Zavala Guevara ◽  
Wing-Kee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cell ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
High Passage ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Low Passage ◽  
Passage Cells

Cadmium (Cd2+) in the environment is a significant health hazard. Chronic low Cd2+ exposure mainly results from food and tobacco smoking and causes kidney damage, predominantly in the proximal tubule. Blood Cd2+ binds to thiol-containing high (e.g., albumin, transferrin) and low molecular weight proteins (e.g., the high-affinity metal-binding protein metallothionein, β2-microglobulin, α1-microglobulin and lipocalin-2). These plasma proteins reach the glomerular filtrate and are endocytosed at the proximal tubule via the multiligand receptor complex megalin:cubilin. The current dogma of chronic Cd2+ nephrotoxicity claims that Cd2+-metallothionein endocytosed via megalin:cubilin causes renal damage. However, a thorough study of the literature strongly argues for revision of this model for various reasons, mainly: (i) It relied on studies with unusually high Cd2+-metallothionein concentrations; (ii) the KD of megalin for metallothionein is ~105-times higher than (Cd2+)-metallothionein plasma concentrations. Here we investigated the uptake and toxicity of ultrafiltrated Cd2+-binding protein ligands that are endocytosed via megalin:cubilin in the proximal tubule. Metallothionein, β2-microglobulin, α1-microglobulin, lipocalin-2, albumin and transferrin were investigated, both as apo- and Cd2+-protein complexes, in a rat proximal tubule cell line (WKPT-0293 Cl.2) expressing megalin:cubilin at low passage, but is lost at high passage. Uptake was determined by fluorescence microscopy and toxicity by MTT cell viability assay. Apo-proteins in low and high passage cells as well as Cd2+-protein complexes in megalin:cubilin deficient high passage cells did not affect cell viability. The data prove Cd2+-metallothionein is not toxic, even at >100-fold physiological metallothionein concentrations in the primary filtrate. Rather, Cd2+-β2-microglobulin, Cd2+-albumin and Cd2+-lipocalin-2 at concentrations present in the primary filtrate are taken up by low passage proximal tubule cells and cause toxicity. They are therefore likely candidates of Cd2+-protein complexes damaging the proximal tubule via megalin:cubilin at concentrations found in the ultrafiltrate.

A SIMPLE PLAQUE ASSAY FOR MEASLES VIRUS IN MONOLAYERS OF THE FL CELL LINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yarosh ◽  
R. E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay

scholarly journals Puerarin blocks the aging phenotype in human dermal fibroblasts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249367
Author(s):  
Yuki Kamiya ◽  
Mao Odama ◽  
Aki Mizuguti ◽  
Shigeru Murakami ◽  
Takashi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
High Passage ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Low Passage ◽  
Passage Cells ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Functional Defects

Dermal fibroblast aging contributes to aging-associated functional defects in the skin since dermal fibroblasts maintain skin homeostasis by interacting with the epidermis and extracellular matrix. Here, we found that puerarin, an isoflavone present in Pueraria lobata (Kudzu), can prevent the development of the aging-phenotype in human dermal fibroblasts. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were subcultivated and high-passage cells were selected as senescent cells, whereas low-passage cells were selected as a young cell control. Puerarin treatment increased cell proliferation and decreased the proportion of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive cells in a high-passage culture of NHDFs. Moreover, puerarin treatment reduced the number of smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive myofibroblasts and the expression of a reticular fibroblast marker, calponin 1 (CNN1), which were induced in high-passage NHDFs. Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist, blocked the puerarin-mediated downregulation of SMA and CNN1. Our results suggest that puerarin may be a useful functional food that alleviates aging-related functional defects in dermal fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Fluconazole on African Green Monkey Kidney (Vero) Cell Line

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Regianne Maciel dos Santos Correa ◽  
Tatiane Cristina Mota ◽  
Adriana Costa Guimarães ◽  
Laís Teixeira Bonfim ◽  
Rommel Rodriguez Burbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
African Green Monkey Kidney ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Green Monkey

Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal that is well-established as the first-line treatment for Candida albicans infections. Despite its extensive use, reports on its genotoxic/mutagenic effects are controversial; therefore, further studies are needed to better clarify such effects. African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of fluconazole and were then evaluated for different parameters, such as cytotoxicity (MTT/cell death by fluorescent dyes), genotoxicity/mutagenicity (comet assay/micronucleus test), and induction of oxidative stress (DCFH-DA assay). Fluconazole was used at concentrations of 81.6, 163.2, 326.5, 653, 1306, and 2612.1μM for the MTT assay and 81.6, 326.5, and 1306μM for the remaining assays. MTT results showed that cell viability reduced upon exposure to fluconazole concentration of 1306μM (85.93%), being statistically significant (P<0.05) at fluconazole concentration of 2612.1μM (35.25%), as compared with the control (100%). Fluconazole also induced necrosis (P<0.05) in Vero cell line when cells were exposed to all concentrations (81.6, 326.5, and 1306μM) for both tested harvest times (24 and 48 h) as compared with the negative control. Regarding genotoxicity/mutagenicity, results showed fluconazole to increase significantly (P<0.05) DNA damage index, as assessed by comet assay, at 1306μM versus the negative control (DI=1.17 vs DI=0.28, respectively). Micronucleus frequency also increased until reaching statistical significance (P<0.05) at 1306μM fluconazole (with 42MN/1000 binucleated cells) as compared to the negative control (13MN/1000 binucleated cells). Finally, significant formation of reactive oxygen species (P<0.05) was observed at 1306μM fluconazole vs the negative control (OD=40.9 vs OD=32.3, respectively). Our experiments showed that fluconazole is cytotoxic and genotoxic in the assessed conditions. It is likely that such effects may be due to the oxidative properties of fluconazole and/or the presence of FMO (flavin-containing monooxygenase) in Vero cells.

Molecular characterization of small polydisperse circular DNA from an African green monkey cell line

Biochemistry ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2076-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Bertelsen ◽  
M. Zafri Humayun ◽  
Stefan G. Karfopoulos ◽  
Mark G. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Monkey Cell ◽  
Green Monkey

scholarly journals Characterization of a novel embryonic stem cell line from an ICSI-derived blastocyst in the African green monkey

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Shimozawa ◽  
Shinichiro Nakamura ◽  
Ichiro Takahashi ◽  
Masanori Hatori ◽  
Tadashi Sankai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Green Monkey

Several cell types from the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), such as red blood cells, primary culture cells from kidney, and the Vero cell line, are valuable sources for biomedical research and testing. Embryonic stem (ES) cells that are established from blastocysts have pluripotency to differentiate into these and other types of cells. We examined an in vitro culture system of zygotes produced by ICSI in African green monkeys and attempted to establish ES cells. Culturing with and without a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell monolayer resulted in the development of ICSI-derived zygotes to the blastocyst stage, while culturing with a buffalo rat liver cell monolayer yielded no development (3/14, 21.4% and 6/31, 19.4% vs 0/23, 0% respectively; P<0.05). One of the nine blastocysts, which had been one of the zygotes co-cultured with MEF cells, formed flat colonies consisting of cells with large nuclei, similar to other primate ES cell lines. The African green monkey ES (AgMES) cells expressed pluripotency markers, formed teratomas consisting of three embryonic germ layer tissues, and had a normal chromosome number. Furthermore, expression of the germ cell markers CD9 and DPPA3 (STELLA) was detected in the embryoid bodies, suggesting that AgMES cells might have the potential ability to differentiate into germ cells. The results suggested that MEF cells greatly affected the quality of the inner cell mass of the blastocysts. In addition, AgMES cells would be a precious resource for biomedical research such as other primate ES cell lines.

An African green monkey cell line RAMT resistant simultaneously to 8-azaguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1451
Author(s):  
V. I. Stobetskii ◽  
V. P. Grachev ◽  
L. L. Mironova ◽  
V. G. Chernikov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
Monkey Cell ◽  
Green Monkey

scholarly journals Genome Analysis and Replication Studies of the African Green Monkey Simian Foamy Virus Serotype 3 Strain FV2014

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Fuentes ◽  
Eunhae H. Bae ◽  
Subhiksha Nandakumar ◽  
Dhanya K. Williams ◽  
Arifa S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Kidney Cell ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
African Green Monkey ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Kidney Cell Line ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Green Monkey

African green monkey (AGM) spumaretroviruses have been less well-studied than other simian foamy viruses (SFVs). We report the biological and genomic characterization of SFVcae_FV2014, which was the first foamy virus isolated from an African green monkey (AGM) and was found to be serotype 3. Infectivity studies in various cell lines from different species (mouse, dog, rhesus monkey, AGM, and human) indicated that like other SFVs, SFVcae_FV2014 had broad species and cell tropism, and in vitro cell culture infection resulted in cytopathic effect (CPE). In Mus dunni (a wild mouse fibroblast cell line), MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line), FRhK-4 (a fetal rhesus kidney cell line), and MRC-5 (a human fetal lung cell line), SFVcae_FV2014 infection was productive resulting in CPE, and had delayed or similar replication kinetics compared with SFVmcy_FV21 and SFVmcy_FV34[RF], which are two Taiwanese macaque isolates, designated as serotypes 1 and 2, respectively. However, in Vero (AGM kidney cell line) and A549 (a human lung carcinoma cell line), the replication kinetics of SFVcae_FV2014 and the SFVmcy viruses were discordant: In Vero, SFVcae_FV2014 showed rapid replication kinetics and extensive CPE, and a persistent infection was seen in A549, with delayed, low CPE, which did not progress even upon extended culture (day 55). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the assembled SFVcae_FV2014 genome, obtained by high-throughput sequencing, indicated an overall 80–90% nucleotide sequence identity with SFVcae_LK3, the only available full-length genome sequence of an AGM SFV, and was distinct phylogenetically from other AGM spumaretroviruses, corroborating previous results based on analysis of partial env sequences. Our study confirmed that SFVcae_FV2014 and SFVcae_LK3 are genetically distinct AGM foamy virus (FV) isolates. Furthermore, comparative infectivity studies of SFVcae_FV2014 and SFVmcy isolates showed that although SFVs have a wide host range and cell tropism, regulation of virus replication is complex and depends on the virus strain and cell-specific factors.

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