STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SV4 VIRUS

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sattar ◽  
K. R. Rozee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining

Cytopathic changes in LLC-MK2 cells infected with SV4 virus, observed with the electron microscope and using acridine orange staining and fluorescent microscopy, have been shown to be similar to that caused by picornaviruses and members of the Columbia-SK virus group. The virus was found to be stabilized against heat in the presence of molar magnesium chloride, and to be stable at pH 3.5. The virus was non-pathogenic for suckling mice, failed to agglutinate sheep and human "O" red blood cells, but agglutinated rhesus monkey erythrocytes at 4 °C. On the basis of these properties and those already known, it was suggested that SV4 virus be placed in the group Enteroviruses of lower animals.

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE: POSSIBILITIES FOR STUDYING KIDNEY DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Mamaeva S.N. ◽  
Vinokurov R.R. ◽  
Munkhalova Ya.A. ◽  
Dyakonova D.P. ◽  
Platonova V.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Currently, due to the intensive development of high-tech science-intensive medical and research devices, more and more attention is paid to the development of diagnostics of rare and difficult to diagnose diseases. It is known that among numerous nephropathies, hematuria may be the only symptom of kidney and urinary tract diseases, which complicates their diagnosis and treatment. In order to develop new approaches for the diagnosis of nephropathies, the authors have been studying the morphology of red blood cells in the blood and urine of children and adults using a scanning electron microscope for several years. The paper presents the results of studies of children with various kidney diseases, including IgA-nephropathy, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the first time to detect nanoparticles on the surface of red blood cells, the size of which is comparable to the size of viruses, which became the basis for one of the authors ' assumptions, namely, the possible transport of certain types of viruses by red blood cells. Thus, some kidney diseases could be considered virus-associated. This paper presents for the first time the results of determining the glomerular filtration rate of both kidneys separately in the study of separate kidney function and of the study of urine smears obtained during catheterization of the ureters in patients with hydronephrosis of one of the kidneys by scanning electron microscopy. As in previous studies, nanoparticles were found on the surface of red blood cells, which leads to the conclusion about the possible viral nature of the disease of the considered patient. In addition, smear images obtained using a microscope showed a significant difference in the elements of the right and left kidneys urine, which did not contradict the data on the study of glomerular filtration rate. According to the authors, the capabilities of the scanning electron microscope can be applied in fundamental research of kidney diseases at the cellular and molecular levels, forming new ideas about their origin, as well as on the basis of which new methods of non-invasive diagnostics can be built.

scholarly journals Invariant Classification of Red Blood Cells

2001 ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Keysers ◽  
Jörg Dahmen ◽  
Hermann Ney
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

Production and fate of erythroid cells in anaemic Xenopus laevis

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
N. Chegini ◽  
V. Aleporou ◽  
G. Bell ◽  
V.A. Hilder ◽  
N. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Sudden Release

Adult Xenopus laevis, rendered anaemic by phenylhydrazine injection, have been studied during the recovery from such anaemia. Electron microscopy of liver and spleen sections indicates that both of these organs are active in the phagocytosis and destruction of the old damaged red blood cells. May-Grunwald and Giemsa staining of liver and spleen cells following anaemia has been used to show that erythropoiesis also occurs in both liver and spleen, and this has been confirmed by electron-microscope studies of these organs. Cell counting and radiolabelling of the new population of circulating erythroid cells in the period following phenylhydrazine injection suggests that a sudden release of basophilic erythroblasts from liver and spleen is followed by mitosis of this new cell population in circulation, and that no further release of erythroid cells from these organs is likely until complete recovery has occurred.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Models for Classification of Red Blood Cells in Microscopy Images to Aid in Sickle Cell Anemia Diagnosis

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith Alzubaidi ◽  
Mohammed A. Fadhel ◽  
Omran Al-Shamma ◽  
Jinglan Zhang ◽  
Ye Duan
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Sickle Cells ◽  
Microscopy Images

Sickle cell anemia, which is also called sickle cell disease (SCD), is a hematological disorder that causes occlusion in blood vessels, leading to hurtful episodes and even death. The key function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is to supply all the parts of the human body with oxygen. Red blood cells (RBCs) form a crescent or sickle shape when sickle cell anemia affects them. This abnormal shape makes it difficult for sickle cells to move through the bloodstream, hence decreasing the oxygen flow. The precise classification of RBCs is the first step toward accurate diagnosis, which aids in evaluating the danger level of sickle cell anemia. The manual classification methods of erythrocytes require immense time, and it is possible that errors may be made throughout the classification stage. Traditional computer-aided techniques, which have been employed for erythrocyte classification, are based on handcrafted features techniques, and their performance relies on the selected features. They also are very sensitive to different sizes, colors, and complex shapes. However, microscopy images of erythrocytes are very complex in shape with different sizes. To this end, this research proposes lightweight deep learning models that classify the erythrocytes into three classes: circular (normal), elongated (sickle cells), and other blood content. These models are different in the number of layers and learnable filters. The available datasets of red blood cells with sickle cell disease are very small for training deep learning models. Therefore, addressing the lack of training data is the main aim of this paper. To tackle this issue and optimize the performance, the transfer learning technique is utilized. Transfer learning does not significantly affect performance on medical image tasks when the source domain is completely different from the target domain. In some cases, it can degrade the performance. Hence, we have applied the same domain transfer learning, unlike other methods that used the ImageNet dataset for transfer learning. To minimize the overfitting effect, we have utilized several data augmentation techniques. Our model obtained state-of-the-art performance and outperformed the latest methods by achieving an accuracy of 99.54% with our model and 99.98% with our model plus a multiclass SVM classifier on the erythrocytesIDB dataset and 98.87% on the collected dataset.

scholarly journals Biological Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Viruses in Sudan 2008–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbal Sidahmed Abdelrahim Bilal ◽  
Iman Mohammed Elnasri ◽  
Aymen Mohamed Alhassan ◽  
Khalda Abdelaziz Khalifa ◽  
Jedddha Ibrahim Elhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Elution Time ◽  
Death Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

The biological properties and pathogenicity of seven Newcastle disease virus field isolates were studied. These isolates were recovered from different outbreaks in Sudan (5 from chickens and 2 from pigeons) during 2008–2013. Based on intracerebral pathogenicity index, four NDV isolates were characterized as velogenic (their ICPI ranged 2.0–1.6) and three isolates were characterized as mesogenic (ICPI ranged 1.2–1.3). The mean death time for all isolates ranged from 54 to 76.8 hours. The elution time of the viruses from chicken erythrocytes and the ability to haemagglutinate mammalian red blood cells differed considerably in their reactions.

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