ON THE ISOLATION AND GROWTH OF INDIVIDUAL MICROBIAL CELLS FROM SOIL

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Microbial Cells

A technique is described for the direct isolation and growth of individual vitally stained microorganisms which have been observed in soil preparations. Soil is stained with acridine orange and mounted on agar so that individual cells can be picked from the soil with a micromanipulation tool while the organism is being viewed with an ultraviolet fluorescence microscope. These cells are then grown in nutritive media to provide cultures for identification of the organisms and for studies of their nutritional, physiological, and morphological characteristics.

Cytoplasmic DNA-Containing Bodies and the Response of Amoebae to Dimidium Bromide

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
SHIRLEY E. HAWKINS ◽  
LESLEY R.WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Amoeba Proteus ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dna ◽  
The Difference

The growth of Amoeba proteus (T1P) and Amoeba discoides (T1) in the trypanocidal phenanthridlnium, dimidium bromide was examined. At concentrations of drug between 2 and 4 µg/ml, A. proteus divided twice before inhibition and death. A. discoides was able to undergo an additional cycle of division before death. At other concentrations there were no differences in their response. Heterotransfers between these strains resembled A. discoides, both dividing three times before death. Examination of clones derived from the micro-injection of small quantities of A. discoides cytoplasm into A. proteus showed that the ability to divide additionally in dimidium bromide could be transferred. Some other strains of A. proteus (DP, T4P) also resembled A. discoides in their response. Cells of all the strains used were treated with acridine orange and observed under the fluorescence microscope for the presence of DNA- and RNA-containing cytoplasmic ‘bodies’. All strains able to undergo an additional division cycle also possessed cytoplasmic DNAcontaining bodies. The converse was not 100%, but this may be due to a quantitative difference in the number of DNA-containing bodies in the cytoplasm. It is proposed that the difference in response to dimidium bromide observed in A. proteus and A. discoides may be associated with the presence of DNA- and RNA-containing bodies in the cytoplasm of A. discoides.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON ISOLATED AGGREGATING OLIGORIBONUCLEOPROTEINS OF THE EPIDERMIS WITH HISTOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KERATOHYALIN

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Ugel
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sodium Decylsulfate ◽  
Oligomeric Series

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies demonstrate that keratohyalin can be mobilized from fresh specimens of cattle hoof epidermis by 1.0 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Macroaggregates with histochemical characteristics identical to those of in situ keratohyalin granules (staining by Harris' hematoxylin, Congo red, diazotized sulfanilic acid, sodium alizarin sulfonate, toluidine blue, methyl green-pyronin, and acridine orange) and with similar morphological characteristics at the ultrastructural level are formed upon dialyzing the extracted keratohyalin against distilled water. Staining by basic dyes (toluidine blue, methyl green-pyronin, and acridine orange) is abolished by treating either in situ keratohyalin granules or isolated macroaggregates with ribonuclease. Electrophoresis of isolated macroaggregates on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium decylsulfate results in the fractionation of a 13 member oligomeric series of ribonucleoproteins and two non-homologous species of ribonucleoproteins. The oligomeric series can be purified by isolating "stacked" oligomers on low concentration (3%) polyacrylamide gels. Fractionated oligomers on polyacrylamide gels and aggregates formed from purified ribonucleoproteins demonstrate histochemical characteristics identical to those of in situ keratohyalin granules. Aggregates formed from denatured ribonucleoproteins are highly disordered and are markedly different from in situ keratohyalin granules or nondenatured isolated macroaggregates at the ultrastructural level, possibly due to irreversible denaturation of the oligomers by sodium decylsulfate.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

Aberrant Type C Virus Production in a Cell Line Derived from Balb/3T3

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
N. Savage ◽  
A. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Moloney Leukemia Virus ◽  
A Cell

A cell line, UC1-B, which was derived from Balb/3T3 cells, maintains the same morphological characteristics of the non-transformed parental culture, and shows no evidence of spontaneous virus production. Survey by electron microscopy shows that the cell line consists of spindle-shaped cells with no unusual features and no endogenous virus particles.UC1-B cells respond to Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) infection by a change in morphology and growth pattern which is typical of cells transformed by sarcoma virus. Electron microscopy shows that the cells are now variable in shape (rounded, rhomboid, and spindle), and each cell type has some microvilli. Virtually all (90%) of the cells show virus particles developing at the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Maturing viruses, typical of the oncogenic viruses, are found along with atypical tubular forms in the same cell.

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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