A NODULATION-INHIBITING ROOT EXCRETION FROM A NON-NODULATING SOYBEAN STRAIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Elkan
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A non-nodulating, near-isogenic soybean strain has been shown to release, during growth, a substance that inhibits nodulation of its normally nodulating sister strain. In greenhouse experiments, inoculated seedlings of both strains were transferred to vessels containing aerated, nitrogen-free, Hoagland's nutrient solution. Two plants per vessel were established in the following combinations: one nodulating and one non-nodulating, two nodulating, or two non-nodulating. Root excretions from the mutant resulted in highly significant decreases in nodulation of the normal plants. In addition, presence of the mutant also resulted in decreased total nodule weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen per nodulating plant. Nodulation in ladino clover, when grown in nutrient solution, was also significantly inhibited by the presence of the mutant soybean. The excretion apparently does not inhibit growth of Rhizobium japonicum.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
I. P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Optimum Feeding Nutrient Solution Concentration for Greenhouse Potted Miniature Rose Production in a Recirculating Subirrigation System

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Diane Feliciano Cayanan ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Total Dry Weight

To determine the optimum feeding nutrient solution concentrations for the production of potted miniature roses (Rosa chineersis minima ‘Fall Festival’) under recirculating subirrigation conditions, plants were grown under four different nutrient solution concentrations [25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full strength with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.756 dS·m−1]. Nutrient solution concentrations affected the stem, root, and plant total dry weight and flower and branch number. Under the 75% strength nutrient solution, these growth parameters were equal to or better than the 100% strength solution. No difference was detected in the chlorophyll content of leaves from plants that received the 50%, 75%, and 100% strength solutions during the experiment but at Day 35; only the 25% treatment had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content than the other treatments. There were no treatment effects on the measured total foliar nutrient contents [except potassium (K)] of plants under the 75% strength solution compared with those under the 100% treatment, but nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/or iron (Fe) of plants under the 25% strength solutions were below that of the acceptable range. Interveinal chlorosis and/or reddish leaves and branches were also apparent in plants under the 25% and 50% strength solutions. It is suspected that these are symptoms of N, P, and Fe deficiencies caused by the reduced nutrient solution concentrations and increased pH of the growing substrate. There were significant depletions of N and P nutrients in the 25% and 50% strength solutions at the end of the experiment, which was consistent with visual symptoms and deficiencies. Nutrient salts accumulated in the top section of the growing substrate under all treatments, but no phytotoxic effects were observed. The EC values for the top third of the growing substrate were much higher than those of the bottom two-thirds. EC for the top layer of the 100% treatment exhibited a fourfold increase compared with the bottom layer of that treatment. The NO3–, K, magnesium, and calcium for the top layer of the 100% treatment were 235%, 149%, 287%, and 245%, respectively, higher compared with the bottom layer of the 100% treatment. It was concluded that the nutrient solution concentrations typically used for potted miniature rose production in most of the Canadian greenhouses under recirculating subirrigation conditions can be safely reduced to 75% and produce better plants.

scholarly journals NUTRITION IN THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF THE BRAZIL NUT (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) IN NORTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar josé Smiderle
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is fast-growing, and can be used in reforestation. However, the use of the species in reforestation is still uncommon, mainly due to production costs, with substrate and fertiliser being the most-costly components. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and quality in seedlings of the Brazil nut both with and without nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme: treatments with and without the addition of nutrient solution and 10 evaluations at intervals of 45 days. The variables to be analysed were height, stem diameter, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and the Dickson quality index. When analysing shoot dry weight (SDW), a gain of 85% was found from adding the nutrient solution, compared to the absence of nutrient solution, whereas for the variable, root-system dry weight, (RDW) the gain was 43%. The addition of nutrient solution is suggested for accelerating the growth and development of high-quality seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa for commercial use.

scholarly journals Potted Gerbera Production in a Subirrigation System Using Low-concentration Nutrient Solutions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Thomas Graham ◽  
Stefan Richard ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Interveinal Chlorosis ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

To determine whether currently used commercial nutrient solution concentrations can be reduced during the final stage (last 4 to 5 weeks) of production of potted gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii `Shogun') under recirculating subirrigation conditions, plants were grown under one of four nutrient levels (10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of full strength). Nutrient concentration levels did not affect leaf area, flower number and appearance, and plant total dry weight. There were no significant differences in the greenness (as measured by SPAD meter) of leaves from plants that received the 50% and 100% strength nutrient solutions. However, leaves from plants that received the 10% and 25% strength solution showed significantly less greenness than that of the plants that received 50% and 100% strength nutrient solutions. There were interveinal chlorosis symptoms on the younger leaves of some plants in the 10% and 25% strength nutrient treatments. It is suspected that this interveinal chlorosis was due to iron (Fe) deficiency caused by the increased substrate pH. It is concluded that the nutrient solution concentrations typically used for potted gerbera production in commercial greenhouses at the final stage (4 to 5 weeks) under recirculating subirrigation conditions, can be safely reduced by at least 50% without adversely affecting crop production. Nutrient salts accumulated in the top section of the growth substrate under all treatments levels; however, no phytotoxic effects were observed. No differences in water use (141 mL per plant per day) were observed amid the various nutrient levels. Fertilizer inputs were reduced in the 50%, 25%, and 10% treatments by 54%, 75%, and 90% respectively, relative to the 100% treatment. After 4 weeks under recirculating conditions, the qualities of the nutrient solutions were still within acceptable limits.

Effect of three weeds on the growth and mycorrhizal infection of black walnut seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1888-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effect of unincorporated and incorporated litter and extracts of broom-sedge, fescue, and blackberry on the mycorrhizal development and growth of black walnut seedlings was investigated in two greenhouse experiments. Seedling growth varied with method of litter application. Only fescue extract decreased growth in the extract experiment, but unincorporated and incorporated broom-sedge litter significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced seedling total dry weight below that of mycorrhizal control seedlings. The total dry weight of seedlings in incorporated fescue litter was reduced by 47%. The number of mycorrhizal infected root segments on seedlings grown in unincorporated litter was more than twice the number of infected roots on seedlings grown in incorporated litters. Significantly fewer mycorrhizal roots were found on seedlings grown with fescue and broom-sedge litters than on mycorrhizal control seedlings. On the average, incorporation of litter increased the percentage of leaf phosphorus, but the shoot absorption of phosphorus was considerably less for seedlings grown in incorporated fescue litter compared with unincorporated fescue litter. Seedlings grown in fescue extract had 33% less phosphorus than control seedlings. Except for possible interference with mycorrhizal development when litter was incorporated, there was no evidence to suggest that blackberry litter contains substances that are allelopathic to black walnut.

scholarly journals Influence of aluminum on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-344
Author(s):  
I.P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Seven cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution in the presence and absence of aluminum. Da ta obtained herewith allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) plant height, root lenght and total dry weight decreased with increase of aluminum levels in the nutrient solution; (2) aluminum concentration in plant tissue increased with higher levels of aluminum in the substrate; decreases pf calcium and magnesium concentration in the dry matter in the presence of higher aluminum concentration in the nutrient solution were observed.

scholarly journals Current Fertilizer Input for Pot Gerbera Production Can Be Reduced by More than 50%

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 775D-775
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng* ◽  
Thomas Graham ◽  
Stefan Richard ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pot gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Var. `Shogun') plants were subirrigated with one of four nutrient solutions (10, 25, 50, and 100% of full strength) in order to determine whether currently used commercial nutrient solution concentrations can be reduced without negative impact on crop production. Nutrient concentration levels did not affect leaf area, flower number and appearance, and plant total dry weight. There were no significant differences in leaf chlorophyll content between the plants that received the 50 and 100% strength nutrient solutions. It is concluded that nutrient solution concentrations typically used in commercial greenhouse, for pot gerbera production, can be safely reduced by at least 50% without adversely affecting crop production. Nutrients accumulated in the top section of the growth substrate under all treatment levels; however, no phytotoxic effect was observed. Fertilizer inputs were reduced in the 50%, 25%, and 10% treatments by 54%, 75%, and 90% respectively. After 4 weeks recirculating, the quality of the nutrient solutions was still within acceptable limits.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: II. THE EFFECT OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI ERIKS. AND HENN. ON THE RESPIRATION OF THE FIRST LEAF OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES OF WHEAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen

The first leaves of resistant (var. Khapli) and susceptible (var. Little Club) species of wheat were heavily inoculated with P. graminis (Race 15B). The effect of the frequency of the pustules on their size and on the leaves is described. The oxygen consumption, total dry weight, total nitrogen, and sugar contents of leaf disks were measured at frequent intervals after inoculation. At infections of Little Club massive increases in dry weight occurred in 10 to 15 days, but the percentage total nitrogen remained close to that of healthy leaves. Oxygen consumption per unit dry weight or per unit of tissue nitrogen rose to from 2.5 to 3.0 times that for healthy tissue and then fell off again. The duration and degree of the rise were dependent on environmental conditions. At infections on Khapli, both dry weight and the percentage total nitrogen declined rapidly and the leaves turned yellow and died in about eight days, suggesting a rapid breakdown of protein. Oxygen consumption per unit dry weight or per unit of tissue nitrogen rose more rapidly, to from 2.0 to 2.5 times that of healthy tissue, and declined again sooner than at infections on Little Club. With both species, the 'accumulation' at infections of radioactive glucose, or its products, roughly paralleled the course of respiration. With leaves of Little Club, initially low in carbohydrate and having a low respiratory quotient, a marked rise in the respiratory quotient occurred at developing infections; little or no rise occurred with Khapli. The results of the sugar analyses suggested that the increase in respiration following infection was not initially dependent on an increase in the sugar content above that found in the healthy leaf. The significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Dan Serapan Nitrogen Azolla microphylla Akibat Pemberianfosfat Dan Ketinggian Air Yang Berbeda

Agrologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putra Utama ◽  
Dewi Firnia ◽  
Ganes Natanael
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Azolla Microphylla ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Water fern Azolla microphylla symbioses with Anabaena azollae which is able to fix N2. Fern growth is strongly influenced by the availability of macro nutrients such as phosphate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of phosphate fertilizers and different water levels on the growth and nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla. Research was conducted by using randomized block design with three replications. The treatment were  water level which consists of 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm, and the concentration of phosphates (P) which is composed of without and with  15 ppm, 30 ppm and 45 ppm. The results showed that the water level are interdependent with the phosphates concentration to influence  Azolla’s covered area at  7-21 days after planting, wet weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla. The water level 2 cm at a concentration of 30 ppm of phosphate fertilizers is the best treatment combination to increase Azolla’s covered area at 7-21 HST, wet weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla.

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