GROWTH INTERACTIONS OF ARTHROBACTER GLOBIFORMIS AND PSEUDOMONAS SP. IN RELATION TO THE RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. S. Chan ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Extract ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Casamino Acids

Studies on the influence of plant roots on the soil microflora have shown that the number of Gram-negative rods in the rhizosphere is relatively higher than the number of Gram-positive rods, coccoid rods, and sporeforming types. This ecological phenomenon was duplicated and studied in a model system using a Pseudomonas sp. as representative of the rhizosphere and Arthrobacter globiformis as representative of the soil flora. Growth of A. globiformis was strongly suppressed in the presence of the pseudomonad in root extracts of mature plants and in a medium containing casamino acids, yeast extract, glucose, and mineral salts (CAYG medium); suppression was less marked in soil extract. The pseudomonad was unaffected in the association. A. globiformis was inhibited in the first 48-hour incubation in CAYG medium by acid elaborated by the pseudomonad; the pH dropped to 5.3 in 16 hours but rose steadily to alkaline conditions after 48 hours, resulting in a delayed increase in the number of A. globiformis to approximately that of a pure culture, in 5 days. Under cultural conditions favoring pigment production by the pseudomonad, growth of A. globiformis was completely inhibited throughout this period. Another toxic principle was also produced by the pseudomonad. This substance was biologically active in mixed culture against the Arthrobacter but was present in low concentration.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND ROOT EXTRACTS ON THE ASSOCIATIVE GROWTH OF SELECTED SOIL BACTERIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. S. Chan ◽  
H. Katznelson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Population

These studies are concerned with the growth interrelationships of mixed cultures of five soil organisms in soil extract and root extracts of 2-, 4-, and 8-week-old oats, soybeans, and wheat. Population changes of Agrobacterium radiobacter, Arthrobacter citreus, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus cereus, and a Pseudomonas sp. in pure and mixed culture were followed by plating on selective media. B. cereus and A. chroococcum grew poorly alone or in mixed culture in the extracts. In soil extract, A. citreus predominated over, or was nearly equal in number to, the Gram-negative forms (Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium). In root extracts, Pseudomonas sp. always predominated over A. citreus in mixed culture. A. radiobacter was inhibited in mature root extracts (8-week-old plants) although in pure culture it recovered after a period. An antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas sp. on A. chroococcum plated on nitrogen-free agar medium was found to be related to the kind of agar used.

LYTIC ENZYMES OF SORANGIUM SP.: SOME ASPECTS OF ENZYME PRODUCTION IN SUBMERGED CULTURE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1927-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Whitaker ◽  
F. D. Cook ◽  
D. C. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Casamino Acids

Data are reported on growth, substrate utilization, and production of lytic activity by a species of Sorangium grown in a fermentor containing 130 liters of a glucose – Casamino acids – mineral salts medium. The results indicate that pH and aeration rate are critical factors in the production of lytic enzyme. Under the conditions tested, increases in lytic activity in the medium were accompanied by roughly parallel increases in hydrolase activity towards hydroxyethylchitin and casein. A method for assay of lytic activity toward Arthrobacter globiformis cells is described.

scholarly journals Protoanemonin Content Variation between Clematis spp.: Leaf, Stem and Root

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Fangming Jin ◽  
Christian Narkowicz ◽  
Glenn A Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Content Variation

The content of protoanemonin, a known biologically active constituent of Clematis spp., was determined by GC-MS in the leaf, stem and root extracts of one Chinese species and four Australian Clematis taxa. The results showed that protoanemonin concentrations varied between different plants and that leaves contained higher concentrations than stems and roots. To our knowledge this is the first study to determine protoanemonin content variation in leaf, stem and root of Clematis spp.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: XI. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Stevenson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Original System ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Casamino Acids

A review of the method developed in this laboratory in 1943 for the nutritional classification of soil bacteria has suggested slight amendments in certain differential media: (1) the substitution of vitamin-free casamino acids for a combination of amino acids, and (2) the addition of vitamin B12 to the growth factor media. In a comparative study with a newly proposed scheme of classification, the more selective plating medium advocated was found to be less suitable for the isolation of soil bacteria than the nonselective soil extract agar in the original method. Furthermore, the replacement of potassium nitrate with diammonium phosphate as source of inorganic nitrogen in the basal medium failed to cause any significant change in the nutritional grouping. Results from the nutritional classification of some 600 isolates by the two methods showed that the new procedure represents only a slight modification of the original system.

Germination of macroconidia and growth of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ayers ◽  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
P. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen

Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., were induced to germinte by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor. Paper chromatography of sclerotial extracts indicated the presence of several amino acids and carbohydrates, chiefly glucose. Glucose was identified as the principal germination stimulant in ethanolic extracts. Glucose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, soluble starch, and glycerol at 0.1% (w/v) stimulated macroconidia to germinate in 3–6 days at 25 °C. Crude sclerotial extracts, and glucose combined with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, supported germination of greater numbers of macroconidia than glucose alone. Yeast extract, Casaminc acids, peptone, and several carbon substrates alone did not support germination. Macroconidia germinated well (> 30%) over the range of pH 3–7; maximum germination (> 80%) occurred at pH 5.0–5.5. Mycelial growth in a glucose – Casamino acids - mineral salts medium was also greatest in the range of pH 5.0–5.5, but growth fell off sharply below pH 4.5 and above pH 6.0. The fungus grew slowly on several complex agar media adjusted to pH 5.5.

scholarly journals The Effects of Enrichment Nutrients on the Growth of Indigenous Bacteria Species in Spent Lubricating Oil Contaminated Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Tudararo-Aherobo Laurelta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effects of enrichment nutrients, NPK (Nitrogen, Posphorus, Potassium) and organic wastes on the growth of indigenous bacterial species in spent lubricating oil contaminated water. Six bacterial species which were isolated from spent lubricating oil impacted soils (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Actinomyces sp., Acinetobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., and Micrococcus sp.,) and showed profuse utilization of spent lubricating oil on screening, were used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, between 2018 and 2019. Methodology: The study and was conducted using Mineral Salts Medium broth, spent lubricating oil substrate and NPK (20:10:10), Chicken droppings and Cow dung as nutrient sources (biostimulants). The effect of the biostimulants on the growth of the bacterial isolates was assessed weekly for 14 days by measuring the turbidity, bacterial counts and pH. Results: Pseudomonas sp. recorded the highest count of 1.16E+19 CFU/ml, 2.53E+17 CFU/ml and 1.74E+14 CFU/ml for biostimulation with NPK, Chicken droppings and Cow dungs respectively. The treatment with NPK enhanced the bacterial isolates most, of the three treatments used at the end of the test period. The pH values obtained for the test cultures at the end of the study, ranged from 6.52±0.02 for Enterobacter sp. in Cow dung treated cultures to7.85±0.03 for Pseudomonas sp.in NPK treated cultures. The values were within the optimum biodegradation range of 6.50 -8.50. There was significant difference between the bacterial counts obtained with the cultures treated with NPK and Chicken droppings (P=0.006), between NPK and cow dungs (P = 0.031) and between NPK and the control (P = 0.033). The study affirms the benefits of using organic wastes in the bioremediation process of hydrocarbon contaminated sites; it enhances the nutrients required by the bacteria for the remediation process and it’s a waste management strategy for disposing these organic wastes at very minimal costs and in an ecofriendly manner.

THE APPLICATION OF A NUTRITIONAL GROUPING METHOD TO SOIL FUNGI

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Atkinson ◽  
J. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soil Extracts

In tests with seven different liquid media in which the common nitrogen source was potassium nitrate and the carbohydrate substrate was glucose, at a concentration of only 0.1%, most of the 1914 soil fungi isolated fell into one of three nutritional groups requiring, respectively, for maximum growth amino acids, amino acids plus growth factors, or yeast extract. Relatively few isolates required growth factors alone or a combination of yeast and soil extracts. Most of the isolates grew poorly in the basal medium containing only mineral salts, and glucose, with or without soil extract. Although fungi requiring yeast extract were much less frequently isolated from soil on, rather than remote from, tubers grown in a soybean green-manured plot, isolates requiring amino acids, or yeast plus soil extracts, were correspondingly increased on immature and mature tubers, respectively. In a second plot, however, not specially treated, no differences were observed in the nutritional spectra of fungi isolated from the two kinds of soil environment.

Production of Biologically Active Substances by Two Strains of Vibrio cholerae

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Hideo Kusama ◽  
John P. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Vascular Permeability Factor ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Cellular Lysis

Strains Inaba 569B and Ogawa B1307 of Vibrio cholerae were grown in shaken Casamino Acids-yeast extract-glucose medium at 30 and 37 C for 4 days. Time courses of production of neuraminidase (NM), mucinase (MC), proteinase (PR), lytic factor (LF), and vascular permeability factor (PF) were compared by examining culture filtrates taken at various intervals. With both strains, turbidities were generally higher at 30 C than at 37 C. Both strains showed marked cellular lysis after maximal growth was attained at 48 hr at both temperatures. NM and PF were early products, maximal yield being attained within 24 hr. At 37 C, the peak of NM reached at about 10 hr was higher than at 30 C, but disappeared more quickly. The yield of PF was greater at 30 C than at 37 C, and 569B produced more PF. With 569B, PF appeared during the exponential phase, but continued to increase substantially after this phase terminated. At 30 C, the peak attained at 24 hr by 569B was well maintained until 96 hr, but fell moderately at 37 C. In contrast, with B1307 PF fell sharply and virtually disappeared after 24 hr at both temperatures, with concomitant rise in late products. PR and LF were late products; neither was detected in 569B filtrates, whereas older cultures of B1307 showed high levels of both enzymes. MC was an early product with 569B, resembling PF, whereas it was a late product with B1307.

Czy warto jeść algi?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Zdrojewicz ◽  
Bartosz Bieżyński ◽  
Piotr Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Edible Algae ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nutrition Value

Algae is a very diverse group of aquatic and land organisms that has been used by humans for ages. Nowadays algae are constantly growing in popularity. Thanks to their richness in nutrients and bioactive components (mineral salts, carbohydrates, protein, EFA, vitamins or microelements), they have found use in dietetics and many branches of medicine. Due to an increase of algae-related studies, many biologically active compounds have been discovered. Described as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-allergic or even anti-cancer, marine algae may be used in the treatment of many diseases. Currently one of their main uses is related to obesity but the action of algae is much more than that. The vast number of edible algae species and their biological diversity significantly increase their potential and the growing amount of research they undergo, give us reasons to assume that marine algae can play a big part in “nutrition of the future”. The aim of this study is to present the nutrition value of marine algae and their significance in medical treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document