Impact des erreurs de prédiction de la pluie sur le contrôle en temps réel des réseaux d'égouts unitaires

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-853
Author(s):  
Andrée Bilodeau ◽  
Alain Mailhot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents results of a study the goal of which is to evaluate the impact of rainfall forecast errors on real time control (RTC) of combined sewers in the Québec Urban Community (Q.U.C.). Firstly, we analyzed the impact of different levels of uncertainty on the probability to generate overloads in combined sewers and on the optimal overflow volume. The effects of the spatial distribution of errors on overloads and on overflow volumes have also been studied. Secondly, we modified the system management decision criteria in order to reduce the overload probability and to avoid possible backflows. This modification consisted of reducing the maximum allowable flow in the pipes of the sewer network. The results obtained showed that despite the negative impacts of forecast errors on overloads, this simple method preserves the efficiency of predictive integrated management. This ensures a safety margin on the possible backflows due to meteorological forecast errors.Key words: overflow, real time, control, combined sewers, forecast, errors, rain, overloads, backflows.

Optimisation and control of the inflow to a wastewater treatment plant using integrated modelling tools

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Mark ◽  
Claes Hernebring ◽  
Peter Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Impact

The present paper describes the Helsingborg Pilot Project, a part of the Technology Validation Project: “Integrated Wastewater” (TVP) under the EU Innovation Programme. The objective of the Helsingborg Pilot Project is to demonstrate implementation of integrated tools for the simulation of the sewer system and the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), both in the analyses and the operational phases. The paper deals with the programme for investigating the impact of real time control (RTC) on the performance of the sewer system and wastewater treatment plant. As the project still is in a very early phase, this paper focuses on the modelling of the transport of pollutants and the evaluation of the effect on the sediment deposition pattern from the implementation of real time control in the sewer system.

Effects of real time control of sewer systems on treatment plant performance and receiving water quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Frehmann ◽  
A. Niemann ◽  
P. Ustohal ◽  
W.F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water

Four individual mathematical submodels simulating different subsystems of urban drainage were intercoupled to an integral model. The submodels (for surface runoff, flow in sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving water) were calibrated on the basis of field data measured in an existing urban catchment investigation. Three different strategies for controlling the discharge in the sewer network were defined and implemented in the integral model. The impact of these control measures was quantified by representative immission state-parameters of the receiving water. The results reveal that the effect of a control measure may be ambivalent, depending on the referred component of a complex drainage system. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the drainage system in the catchment investigation can be considerably optimised towards environmental protection and operation efficiency if an appropriate real time control on the integral scale is applied.

Real-time Control of Pig Growth through an Integrated Management System

2007 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Parsons ◽  
D.M. Green ◽  
C.P. Schofield ◽  
C.T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Management System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Time Control

scholarly journals Consideration of Hysteresis, Saturation, Fringing and Leakage Fluxes in the Frequency-Dependent Analytical Model of Nonlaminated Cylindrical Actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Seifert ◽  
Johannes Porstmann ◽  
Wilfried Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Digital Implementation ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Reluctance Network ◽  
The Impact

Previous works have demonstrated that analytical high-fidelity models of nonlaminated actuators and magnetic thrust bearings cannot just describe the magnetic skin effect inside the solid core, but also be applied directly within the control circuit. By an appropriate rational approximation a digital implementation on a microcontroller becomes possible. However, these approximated models neither considered hysteresis and saturation nor frequency-dependent fringing and leakage fluxes. This article elaborates whether or not these nonlinearities can and should be included in real-time control systems. We present an improved process to map an analytical hysteresis model to a limited measured dataset and discuss the impact of the nonlinear magnetization curve. It leads to a novel fractional-order all-pass filter, modeling the frequency-dependent hysteresis angle for a single load point. Its rational filter form is suitable for implementation in Matlab/Simulink as well as real-time applications. Leakage and fringing fluxes, on the other hand, can be considered with relatively low effort within the original analytical models. The underlying reluctance network is determined by a FE-analysis as well as analytically and reduced to a highly simplified form. Depending on whether the total flux or the force-dependent flux is of interest, the model order may increase significantly and constant correction factors are preferable. <br>

Model reduction through boundary relocation to facilitate real-time control optimisation in the integrated urban wastewater system

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meirlaen ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Model Reduction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Impact

Real time control is one of the possibilities to minimise the impact of the integrated urban wastewater system (sewer system and treatment plant) on the receiving water quality. Integrated control uses information about the river state to act in the sewer system or in treatment plant. In order to test and tune these integrated controllers, a simplified integrated model is needed. Even with these simplified models, the simulation times may be too long and further model reduction is needed. In this paper, dependency-structure based model reduction is proposed as a technique to further reduce model complexity. Three steps are proposed: relocation of the upstream system boundaries to just upstream of the first control point, relocation of the downstream boundaries to just downstream of the last measurement point, and third, a further model simplification based on an analysis of the sensitivity of the control actions on submodel elimination. The effect of applying the different reduction approaches on the control strategy and on the resulting river water quality is discussed on the basis of a case study of the catchment of Tielt.

scholarly journals Consideration of Hysteresis, Saturation, Fringing and Leakage Fluxes in the Frequency-Dependent Analytical Model of Nonlaminated Cylindrical Actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Seifert ◽  
Johannes Porstmann ◽  
Wilfried Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Digital Implementation ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Reluctance Network ◽  
The Impact

Previous works have demonstrated that analytical high-fidelity models of nonlaminated actuators and magnetic thrust bearings cannot just describe the magnetic skin effect inside the solid core, but also be applied directly within the control circuit. By an appropriate rational approximation a digital implementation on a microcontroller becomes possible. However, these approximated models neither considered hysteresis and saturation nor frequency-dependent fringing and leakage fluxes. This article elaborates whether or not these nonlinearities can and should be included in real-time control systems. We present an improved process to map an analytical hysteresis model to a limited measured dataset and discuss the impact of the nonlinear magnetization curve. It leads to a novel fractional-order all-pass filter, modeling the frequency-dependent hysteresis angle for a single load point. Its rational filter form is suitable for implementation in Matlab/Simulink as well as real-time applications. Leakage and fringing fluxes, on the other hand, can be considered with relatively low effort within the original analytical models. The underlying reluctance network is determined by a FE-analysis as well as analytically and reduced to a highly simplified form. Depending on whether the total flux or the force-dependent flux is of interest, the model order may increase significantly and constant correction factors are preferable. <br>

The Rhythm of Game Interactions: Player Experience and Rhythm in Minecraft and Don’t Starve

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid Mary Costello
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Player Experience ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact that the rhythms of game interactions can have on a player’s experience of a computer game. Using a phenomenological approach, the research focuses on rhythmic experience within games and, in particular, on the rhythm of tree chopping within the games Minecraft and Don’t Starve. Graphic, aural, and embodied representations are used to closely analyze and compare a single-player experience within the two games. The analysis reflects on the efficacy of these methods and suggests some possible key factors for designing rhythmically expressive play experiences. It is suggested that combining real-time control with perceivable and performable repetition and variety can give the player expressive creative control over the rhythms of their performed interactions, potentially enriching their experience of repetitive tasks and extending the play life of a game.

Game play and the effectiveness of sponsor signage: visual attention to brand messages in live sport broadcasts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Boronczyk ◽  
Christopher Rumpf ◽  
Christoph Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Message Effectiveness ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Soccer Fans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeTechnological innovations could allow for real-time control of sponsor exposure during sport broadcasts to increase the capacity of sponsor messages to attract attention. While such an approach requires knowledge on the interplay between in-game events and viewers' attention to sponsor signage previous studies have disregarded factors pertaining to the competition itself. To address this gap, this paper investigates the impact of game-related variables on the allocation of viewer attention in live broadcasts.Design/methodology/approachEye tracking is used to examine the impact of variations in score, ball position and ball possession on soccer fans' attention to sponsor messages during broadcasts. In total, the data comprise n = 36,604 second-by-second observations from 11 participants and games.FindingsLogistic regression analysis reveals game time effects and significant interaction effects between possession and the score as well as the ball position variable. Sponsors receive less attention if the attacking team controls the ball near the opponents' goal, particularly if the viewers' preferred team is in possession.Practical implicationsProperty owners and sponsors can exploit these findings to determine the value of sponsor brand exposure more precisely. New systems could further increase message effectiveness through adjustments of sponsor exposure based on real time match event data.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the influence of game-related variables on attention to sponsors. By employing live broadcasts in a near-realistic setting, it further addresses a gap in the literature and adds to the knowledge on sponsor message processing.

scholarly journals Improving the Robustness of Real-Time Myoelectric Pattern Recognition against Arm Position Changes in Transradial Amputees

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjuan Geng ◽  
Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel ◽  
Yue Wei ◽  
Guanglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have showed that arm position variations would significantly degrade the classification performance of myoelectric pattern-recognition-based prosthetic control, and the cascade classifier (CC) and multiposition classifier (MPC) have been proposed to minimize such degradation in offline scenarios. However, it remains unknown whether these proposed approaches could also perform well in the clinical use of a multifunctional prosthesis control. In this study, the online effect of arm position variation on motion identification was evaluated by using a motion-test environment (MTE) developed to mimic the real-time control of myoelectric prostheses. The performance of different classifier configurations in reducing the impact of arm position variation was investigated using four real-time metrics based on dataset obtained from transradial amputees. The results of this study showed that, compared to the commonly used motion classification method, the CC and MPC configurations improved the real-time performance across seven classes of movements in five different arm positions (8.7% and 12.7% increments of motion completion rate, resp.). The results also indicated that high offline classification accuracy might not ensure good real-time performance under variable arm positions, which necessitated the investigation of the real-time control performance to gain proper insight on the clinical implementation of EMG-pattern-recognition-based controllers for limb amputees.

A Real Time Control Architecture for Continuously Managing Patients in a Care Unit

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 475-488
Author(s):  
B. Seroussi ◽  
J. F. Boisvieux ◽  
V. Morice
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Computerized System

Abstract:The monitoring and treatment of patients in a care unit is a complex task in which even the most experienced clinicians can make errors. A hemato-oncology department in which patients undergo chemotherapy asked for a computerized system able to provide intelligent and continuous support in this task. One issue in building such a system is the definition of a control architecture able to manage, in real time, a treatment plan containing prescriptions and protocols in which temporal constraints are expressed in various ways, that is, which supervises the treatment, including controlling the timely execution of prescriptions and suggesting modifications to the plan according to the patient’s evolving condition. The system to solve these issues, called SEPIA, has to manage the dynamic, processes involved in patient care. Its role is to generate, in real time, commands for the patient’s care (execution of tests, administration of drugs) from a plan, and to monitor the patient’s state so that it may propose actions updating the plan. The necessity of an explicit time representation is shown. We propose using a linear time structure towards the past, with precise and absolute dates, open towards the future, and with imprecise and relative dates. Temporal relative scales are introduced to facilitate knowledge representation and access.

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