Load factor calibration for the proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Statistics of loads and load effects

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Bartlett ◽  
H P Hong ◽  
W Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Code Calibration ◽  
Snow Loads

The 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) will adopt a companion-action format for load combinations and specify wind and snow loads based on their 50 year return period values. This paper summarizes statistics for dead load, live load due to use and occupancy, snow load, and wind load that have been adopted for calibration, and a companion paper presents the calibration itself. A new survey of typical construction tolerances indicates that statistics for dead load widely adopted for building code calibration are adequate unless the dead load is dominated by thin, cast-in-place concrete toppings. Unique statistics for live load due to use and occupancy are derived that pertain specifically to the live load reduction factor equation used in the NBCC. Statistics for snow and wind loads are normalized using the 50 year values that will be specified in the 2005 NBCC. New statistics are determined for the factors that transform wind speeds and ground snow depths into wind and snow loads on structures.Key words: buildings, code calibration, companion action, dead loads, live loads, load combinations, load factors, reliability, safety, snow loads, wind loads.

Load factor calibration for the proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Companion-action load combinations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Bartlett ◽  
H P Hong ◽  
W Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Snow Loads

The 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) will adopt a companion-action format for load combinations and specify wind and snow loads based on their 50 year return period values. This paper presents the calibration of these factors, based on statistics for dead load, live load due to use and occupancy, snow load, and wind load, which are summarized in a companion paper. A target reliability index of approximately 3 for a design life of 50 years was adopted for consistency with the 1995 NBCC. The load combinations and load factors for strength and stability checks recommended for the 2005 NBCC were based on preliminary values from reliability analysis that were subsequently revised slightly to address major inconsistencies with past practice. The recommended load combinations and factors generally give factored load effects similar to those in the 1995 NBCC, but are up to 10% more severe for the combination of dead load plus snow load and are generally less severe for the combination of dead load, snow load, and live load due to use and occupancy. Load factors less than one are recommended for checking serviceability limit states involving specified snow and wind loads. Importance factors for various classifications of structure are also presented. Revisions to the commentaries of the NBCC are recommended that will provide guidance on dead load allowances for architectural and mechanical superimposed dead loads and cast-in-place cover slabs and toppings.Key words: buildings, code calibration, companion action, dead loads, live loads, load combinations, load factors, reliability, safety, snow loads, wind loads.

scholarly journals Study on Dynamic analysis of Diagrid and Outrigger Structures Subjected to Seismic and Wind Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2813-2828
Author(s):  
Sharath Kumar N
Keyword(s):  
Wind Loads ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Story Drift

A Comparative study of G+30 story regular, diagrid, outrigger structure is presented. A square shaped floor plan of 18 m × 18m size was considered. ETABS 2016 was used in modeling and analysis of structural members. All structural members were designed as per IS 456:2000, load combinations such as dead load, live load, earthquake and wind loads were considered for analysis and design of the structure. Later Regular, Diagrid and outrigger structural systems were compared; the key results like Base shear, story displacement and story drift are obtained. It is found that diagrid system is efficient in resisting seismic loads and outrigger system is found efficient in resisting wind loads.

Roof snow loads in Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Building Code ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Snow Loads

The National Building Code of Canada requires buildings to be designed to carry uniformly and nonuniformly distributed snow loads and the "Commentary on Snow Loads" in Supplement No. 4 to the National Building Code of Canada gives detailed design information. This paper discusses the material given in the 1977 commentary and supplements it with examples and photographs.

scholarly journals Influence of Skew Angles on Box Type Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Skew Angles ◽  
Bottom Slab

In the present study, modeling and analysis of a three-lane three-span box bridge has been carried out by using finite element software STAAD pro.v8i. The study has been execute to find the effect of skew angle on all bride slabs (top slab, bottom slab, outer walls, inner walls) under various loads (dead load, live load, surfacing load, earth pressure, temperature and live load surcharge) and their combinations using IRC 6:2016. Skew angles taken for study ranges from 00 to 700 with an interval of 100 . Parameters that are mainly examined are longitudinal moments, transverse moments, torsional moments, shear forces and displacements. It has been observed that with the increase of skew angle all the parameters increases with the increase of skew angles in all slabs.

Comparative Study of Cyclic and Shake Table Tests for Simple for Dead Load and Continuous for Live Load Steel Bridge System in Seismic Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (7) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Amir Sadeghnejad ◽  
Sheharyar Rehmat ◽  
Islam M. Mantawy ◽  
Atorod Azizinamini
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
System Level ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Bridge System

A new superstructure to pier connection for simple for dead load and continuous for live load (SDCL) steel bridge system in seismic areas was developed. As proof of concept, component level and system level tests were carried out on scale models. The component test was conducted under cyclic loading and the results showed satisfactory performance conforming to design standards. The same detail was incorporated in a system level shake table testing which was subjected to bidirectional earthquake excitations. The results showed that the connection behaved well under high levels of drift and acceleration. The capacity protected elements sustained minimal damage and the plastic hinge was limited to a predefined location in the column. In this paper, a summary of results from both tests is presented and compared. The results showed that the SDCL components remained within the elastic range. It was concluded that the dowel bars in the cap beam are the main load-carrying elements under excitations in the longitudinal direction of the bridge and the provisions of current design codes are adequate for the design of these reinforcing bars. Both test protocols showed similar behavior despite the differences in construction methods and material properties.

scholarly journals Unbalanced snow distributions for the design of arch-shaped roofs in Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Taylor ◽  
W. R. Schriever
Keyword(s):  
Building Code ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Snow Loads

This note examines in some detail the design snow loads on simple arches and curved roofs recommended in the 1977 Commentary on Snow Loads of the National Building Code of Canada. Empirical modifications that give more appropriate unbalanced snow loads for large-radius arches and that will alleviate the problems caused by some overconservative aspects of the 1977 design loads are presented. They have been accepted for inclusion in the 1980 commentary.

Damage Assessment of Single-Layer Cylindrical Latticed Shells Based on Degradation of Static Stability Capacity

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Da Bin Yang ◽  
Yi Gang Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhi Wu ◽  
Hai Tao Zhou ◽  
Wen Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Main Index

The static stability capacity is the main index to measure the whole mechanical performance of single-layer latticed shells. Three single-layer cylindrical latticed shells with different height to span ratio were modeled, and their seismic damage were assessed by the degradation of static stability capacity incurred by earthquakes. Two different static load patterns were considered: dead load and the combination of dead load and half span live load. The results show that the damage assessment method is applicable to single-layer cylindrical latticed shells, and the static load patterns have no big influence on the damage assessment of the single-layer cylindrical latticed shells.

Joint Displacement Evaluation of a Modular Road System

2013 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
Woo Seok Kim ◽  
Soo Bong Park ◽  
Kang Min Lee ◽  
Jae Joon Song ◽  
Sang Yoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Joint System ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
Joint Displacement ◽  
Roadway Construction ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Transportation agencies have recently been struggling to carry out rapid roadway construction and repair work with minimal disruption to the motoring public, and they are pursuing sustainable and perpetual roadway systems with minimal maintenance over their service life. This study sought to develop a roadway joint system as a part of research on a sustainable-perpetual-modular (SPM) roadway system. In this study, two boundary conditions were considered with varying support offsets. Dead load, live load, and temperature load were considered and the corresponding displacements were computed. Roller supports at both ends produced larger displacements compared to hinge supports at both ends. Analysis results exhibited that a support offset equal to 0.0 m produced the smallest displacement. The results of this study will provide valuable information for the design of modular roadway joint systems.

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