Development of a Hockey-Specific, Skate-Treadmill Protocol

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy William Dreger ◽  
H. Arthur Quinney
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

The purpose of this study was to investigate a protocol for the determination of [Formula: see text] utilizing a motor-driven skate treadmill (ST). On separate days, 6 male hockey players completed a ST and a cycle ergometer (BK) [Formula: see text] protocol. The results showed no significant difference between the ST and BK protocols for relative (60.4 + 5.09 vs. 59.0 ± 8.31 ml kg−1 min−1) and absolute [Formula: see text] values (4.51 ± 0.50 vs. 4.39 ± 0.59 L min−1), respectively. Significantly higher HR max was recorded during the ST protocol (202.3 + 4.27 vs. 200.7 ± 4.55 b min−1) (p < 0.05). Peak VE and VT were nonsignificant between the two conditions. However, peak f was higher for the ST protocol (63.0 + 7.56 vs. 60.2 ± 7.76 breath min−1) (p < 0.05). Although the physiological response to both protocols was similar, the ST protocol replicates a hockey stride, which may provide more applicable information for the development of training programs. Key words: ice hockey, aerobic power test, sport-specific

Validation of the FAST skating protocol to predict aerobic power in ice hockey players

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Petrella ◽  
William J. Montelpare ◽  
Murray Nystrom ◽  
Michael Plyley ◽  
Brent E. Faught
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Few studies have reported a sport-specific protocol to measure the aerobic power of ice hockey players using a predictive process. The purpose of our study was to validate an ice hockey aerobic field test on players of varying ages, abilities, and levels. The Faught Aerobic Skating Test (FAST) uses an on-ice continuous skating protocol on a course measuring 160 feet (48.8 m) using a CD to pace the skater with a beep signal to cross the starting line at each end of the course. The FAST incorporates the principle of increasing workload at measured time intervals during a continuous skating exercise. Step-wise multiple regression modelling was used to determine the estimate of aerobic power. Participants completed a maximal aerobic power test using a modified Bruce incremental treadmill protocol, as well as the on-ice FAST. Normative data were collected on 406 ice hockey players (291 males, 115 females) ranging in age from 9 to 25 y. A regression to predict maximum aerobic power was developed using body mass (kg), height (m), age (y), and maximum completed lengths of the FAST as the significant predictors of skating aerobic power (adjusted R2 = 0.387, SEE = 7.25 mL·kg–1·min–1, p < 0.0001). These results support the application of the FAST in estimating aerobic power among male and female competitive ice hockey players between the ages of 9 and 25 years.

An Investigation into the Relationship between Ice Hockey Participation and Delinquency

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Segrave ◽  
Claude Moreau ◽  
Douglas N. Hastad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Minor League ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between participation in minor league Canadian ice hockey and delinquency. Specifically, the study sought to compare the extent of delinquency among ice hockey players and nonathletes, and to examine the relationship between ice hockey participation and delinquency on the basis of a group of sociopsychological variables. The sample of ice hockey players was taken from the Montreal midget minor ice hockey league (15 to 16 years of age) and was further subdivided into local, inter-city, and provincial players. Delinquency was classified by type of offense, namely drugs, theft, physical violence, and vandalism. Data were obtained from anonymous, self-report questionnaires. The results indicated no significant difference in total delinquency between ice hockey players and nonathletes. However, when delinquency was categorized by type, ice hockey players reported more delinquency of a physically violent nature than nonathletes. The results also showed a differential association between a variety of sociopsychological variables and delinquency among ice hockey players and nonathletes

scholarly journals Hockey Concussion Education Project, Part 1. Susceptibility-weighted imaging study in male and female ice hockey players over a single season

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl G. Helmer ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Eli Fredman ◽  
Ronny I. Preciado ◽  
Inga K. Koerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Female Subjects

Object Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a commonly occurring sports-related injury, especially in contact sports such as hockey. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which appear as small, hypointense lesions on T2*-weighted images, can result from TBI. The authors use susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to automatically detect small hypointensities that may be subtle signs of chronic and acute damage due to both subconcussive and concussive injury. The goal was to investigate how the burden of these hypointensities changes over time, over a playing season, and postconcussion, in comparison with subjects who did not suffer a medically observed and diagnosed concussion. Methods Images were obtained in 45 university-level adult male and female ice hockey players before and after a single Canadian Interuniversity Sports season. In addition, 11 subjects (5 men and 6 women) underwent imaging at 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 2 months after concussion. To identify subtle changes in brain tissue and potential CMBs, nonvessel clusters of hypointensities on SWI were automatically identified, and a hypointensity burden index was calculated for all subjects at the beginning of the season (BOS), the end of the season (EOS), and at postconcussion time points (where applicable). Results A statistically significant increase in the hypointensity burden, relative to the BOS, was observed for male subjects with concussions at the 2-week postconcussion time point. A smaller, nonsignificant rise in the burden for female subjects with concussions was also observed within the same time period. There were no significant changes in burden for nonconcussed subjects of either sex between the BOS and EOS time points. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the burden between male and female subjects in the nonconcussed group at both the BOS and EOS time points, with males having a higher burden. Conclusions This method extends the utility of SWI from the enhancement and detection of larger (> 5 mm) CMBs, which are often observed in more severe cases of TBI, to cases involving smaller lesions in which visual detection of injury is difficult. The hypointensity burden metric proposed here shows statistically significant changes over time in the male subjects. A smaller, nonsignificant increase in the burden metric was observed in the female subjects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Training in the Preparatory and Competitive Periods on Trunk Rotational Power in Canoeists, Ice-Hockey Players, and Tennis Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Poór ◽  
Erika Zemková
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rotational Power

This study evaluates changes in trunk rotational power at different weights and velocities after the preparatory and competitive periods in ice-hockey players, tennis players, and canoeists. The subjects performed trunk rotations to each side with a barbell of different weights placed on the shoulders (6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 26 kg) prior to and after 6 weeks of the preparatory period and 6 weeks of the competitive period. The results showed that mean power produced in the acceleration phase of trunk rotations increased significantly at weights from 10 to 26 kg or 6 to 26 kg after the preparatory and competitive periods in tennis players. The values obtained during trunk rotations with weights ≥12 kg also increased significantly after the preparatory period in ice-hockey players, whereas there were no significant changes after the competitive period. Similarly, the mean power during trunk rotations with weights ≥10 kg increased significantly only after the preparatory period in canoeists. Similar changes were observed for the peak power. These findings demonstrate that changes in trunk rotational power reflect the specificity of their training programs. This information may provide a basis for designing exercises focused on improvements of power produced during trunk rotations under loading conditions.

Divided Visual Attention Performance of Ice Hockey Players with History of Concussion

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
White Background ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
History Of

Background: A significant part of successful athletic performance is the use of peripheral vision. A divide visual attention task with a central and peripheral target was used to assess athletes with and without a history of concussion. The research suggests that both groups had the same response accuracy in the task performance. The purpose of this research was to determine if peripheral visual attention is impacted in ice hockey players who have had a history of one or more self reported concussion. Methods: Orientation discrimination accuracy of a pair of Landolt type block “C” targets was measured using a divided covert attention task on 22 collegiate level men’s ice hockey players. Stimuli were presented simultaneously at central fixation and at one of 40 peripheral locations against a bright white background for two stimulus durations (150ms and 15ms). Block “C” targets were presented at one of 4 orientations (up, down, left and right) and randomized for central and peripheral locations. Results: Overall there was a statistically significant difference in the performance at 150ms and 15ms stimuli durations; athletes had a larger area of correct responses with the 150ms stimulus duration. Athletes performed better in the horizontal meridian compared to the vertical meridian for both stimulus durations. Conclusion: The divided visual attention test results for a cohort of university level men’s ice hockey players shows a decline in area of correct responses with shorter stimulus durations. There was no difference in response accuracy between those with a history of a concussion compared to those without a previous concussion.

The effect of a competitive season and environmental factors on pulmonary function and aerobic power in varsity hockey players

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B Game ◽  
Gordon J Bell
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effect of a competitive season and environmental factors on pulmonary function and aerobic power in varsity hockey players. Fourteen male subjects completed testing before and after a 7-month varsity hockey season within ice arena conditions. All subjects completed an aerobic power [Formula: see text]O2 max test on a cycle ergometer. Pulmonary function tests were performed at rest and 1, 10, 15, and 25 min after the [Formula: see text]O2 max test. The arena environment was monitored during testing and throughout the season for temperature, relative humidity, gaseous chemicals, moulds, and fungi. There was no change in [Formula: see text]O2 max during the season. The percent change in forced expiratory flow in 1 s (FEV1) post-exercise compared to resting FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) after the [Formula: see text]O2 max test were significantly lower after the season. The arena temperature and relative humidity ranged between 13 and 16 °C and between 30% and 45% over the course of the season. Sulfur dioxide (0.7-4.5 ppm) was found in the arena and no airborne moulds unique to the dressing room environment were found to exceed Health Canada's guideline of 50 CFU/m3 for indoor air quality. It was concluded that some hockey players experience limitations to pulmonary function over the course of a competitive season. Key words: exercise-induced bronchospasm, exercise-induced hypoxaemia, air quality, mould, asthma.

scholarly journals Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries in Professional Ice Hockey Players: Epidemiologic and MRI Findings and Association With Return to Play

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712096447
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. White ◽  
Jonathan Ehmann ◽  
Robert R. Bleakney ◽  
Anthony M. Griffin ◽  
John Theodoropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Acromioclavicular Joint ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are common in ice hockey players and are traditionally evaluated with conventional radiography, which has recognized limitations in the accurate characterization of the spectrum of soft tissue injuries and severity/grade of injury sustained. Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in professional ice hockey players who have sustained acute ACJ injuries. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of professional National Hockey League (NHL) players referred for MRI evaluation of acute ACJ injuries. All MRI scans were assessed for status of the ACJ, ligamentous stabilizers, and surrounding musculature. MRI-based overall grade of ACJ injury (modified Rockwood grade 1-6) was assigned to each case. Data regarding mechanism of injury, player handedness, clinical features, and return to play were evaluated. Results: Overall, 24 MRI examinations of acute ACJ injuries (23 patients; mean age, 24 years) were reviewed. We found that 50% of injuries were sustained during the first period of play, and in 75% of cases, injuries involved the same side as player shooting handedness. Analysis of MRI scans revealed 29% (7/24) grade 1 ACJ injuries, 46% (11/24) grade 2 injuries, 21% (5/24) grade 3 injuries, and 4% (1/24) grade 5 injuries. Trapezius muscle strains were seen in 79% and deltoid muscle strain in 50% of cases. Nonoperative management was used for 23 injuries; 1 patient (grade 5 injury) underwent acute reconstructive surgery. All players successfully returned to professional NHL competition. Excluding cases with additional injuries or surgery (n = 3) or convalescence extending into the offseason (n = 3), we found that the mean return to play was 21.4 days (7.2 games missed). No statistically significant difference was observed in return to play between nonoperatively treated grade 3 injuries (mean, 28.3 days) and grade 1 or 2 injuries (mean, 20.1 days). However, grade 3 injuries were associated with a greater number of NHL scheduled games missed (mean, 12.7) compared with lower grade injuries (mean, 6.1) ( P = .027). Conclusion: The spectrum of pathology and grading of acute ACJ injuries sustained in professional ice hockey can be accurately assessed with MRI; the majority of injuries observed in this study were low grade (grades 1 and 2). Although grade 3 injuries were associated with a greater number of games missed, similar return-to-play results were observed between nonoperatively treated grade 3 and grade 1 or 2 ACJ injuries.

scholarly journals Investigation of Agrresion Levels of the University Ice Hockey Players According to Different Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Öner Gülbahçe ◽  
Arzu Gülbahçe
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Differentiation Status ◽  
The University

This study was conducted in order to investigate aggression levels of the university ice hockey players in the academic year of 2017-2018 according to different variables. The universe of the research consisted of university students and the sample of the research consisted of 91 students, 49 of whom were male and 42 were female, who participated to UNİLİG Ice Hockey Championship organized in Erzurum, Turkey on 22 February to 2 March 2018. The Buss-Perry aggression scale, which was adapted to Turkish by Madran (2013), was used to determine aggression levels of the students’. In the analysis of the data, frequency distribution was used to determine the demographic characteristics, the Independent Samples T test was used to examine the differentiation status between two independent variables and aggression, and the One Way Anova analysis tests were conducted to examine the differentiation status between more than two variables and aggression. All these tests were analyzed in SPSS 21 package program and the significance was evaluated at p<0,05 level. It was found that there was a significant difference between the students’ sub-dimensions of aggression and gender, age, weekly training time, and purpose of playing ice hockey.In sub-dimensions of anger, physical and verbal aggression, it was found that the total score of the male students were higher than the female students. In the sub-dimension of verbal aggression, the total scores of the students younger than 20 years old were lower than the students in 21-24 years old and the students more than 25 years old. In the sub-dimension of verbal aggression, the total scores of students doing 3-5 hours weekly training were lower than the students doing training more than 6 hours a week. In the sub-dimension of physical aggression, the total scores of the students doing sports with purpose of financial benefit were higher than the students doing sports with purpose of social activity and being healthy.In ice hockey, which is a sport where the aggression employs a lot of role and has a direct impact on success, players are advised to take various trainings such as anger control to prevent their aggressive behaviors.

scholarly journals Brain Vital Signs in Elite Ice Hockey: Towards Characterizing Objective and Specific Neurophysiological Reference Values for Concussion Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Carrick ◽  
Guido Pagnacco ◽  
Sergio F. Azzolino ◽  
Melissa Hunfalvay ◽  
Elena Oggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Effect Of Age

Background: Prior concussion studies have shown that objective neurophysiological measures are sensitive to detecting concussive and subconcussive impairments in youth ice-hockey. These studies monitored brain vital signs at rink-side using a within-subjects design to demonstrate significant changes from pre-season baseline scans. However, practical clinical implementation must overcome inherent challenges related to any dependence on a baseline. This requires establishing the start of normative reference data sets.Methods: The current study collected specific reference data for N = 58 elite, youth, male ice-hockey players and compared these with a general reference dataset from N = 135 of males and females across the lifespan. The elite hockey players were recruited to a select training camp through CAA Hockey, a management agency for players drafted to leagues such as the National Hockey League (NHL). The statistical analysis included a test-retest comparison to establish reliability, and a multivariate analysis of covariance to evaluate differences in brain vital signs between groups with age as a covariate.Findings: Test-retest assessments for brain vital signs evoked potentials showed moderate-to-good reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha &gt; 0.7, Intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.5) in five out of six measures. The multivariate analysis of covariance showed no overall effect for group (p = 0.105), and a significant effect of age as a covariate was observed (p &lt; 0.001). Adjusting for the effect of age, a significant difference was observed in the measure of N100 latency (p = 0.022) between elite hockey players and the heterogeneous control group.Interpretation: The findings support the concept that normative physiological data can be used in brain vital signs evaluation in athletes, and should additionally be stratified for age, skill level, and experience. These can be combined with general norms and/or individual baseline assessments where appropriate and/or possible. The current results allow for brain vital sign evaluation independent of baseline assessment, therefore enabling objective neurophysiological evaluation of concussion management and cognitive performance optimization in ice-hockey.

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