The effect of a competitive season and environmental factors on pulmonary function and aerobic power in varsity hockey players

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B Game ◽  
Gordon J Bell
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effect of a competitive season and environmental factors on pulmonary function and aerobic power in varsity hockey players. Fourteen male subjects completed testing before and after a 7-month varsity hockey season within ice arena conditions. All subjects completed an aerobic power [Formula: see text]O2 max test on a cycle ergometer. Pulmonary function tests were performed at rest and 1, 10, 15, and 25 min after the [Formula: see text]O2 max test. The arena environment was monitored during testing and throughout the season for temperature, relative humidity, gaseous chemicals, moulds, and fungi. There was no change in [Formula: see text]O2 max during the season. The percent change in forced expiratory flow in 1 s (FEV1) post-exercise compared to resting FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) after the [Formula: see text]O2 max test were significantly lower after the season. The arena temperature and relative humidity ranged between 13 and 16 °C and between 30% and 45% over the course of the season. Sulfur dioxide (0.7-4.5 ppm) was found in the arena and no airborne moulds unique to the dressing room environment were found to exceed Health Canada's guideline of 50 CFU/m3 for indoor air quality. It was concluded that some hockey players experience limitations to pulmonary function over the course of a competitive season. Key words: exercise-induced bronchospasm, exercise-induced hypoxaemia, air quality, mould, asthma.

Relative Sensitivity of Different Pulmonary Function Tests in the Evaluation of Exercise-Induced Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 860-867
Author(s):  
Gerd J. A. Cropp ◽  
I. J. Schmultzler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

Sixty asthmatic children were exercised on a bicycle ergometer and had pulmonary function tests performed before and repeatedly after exercise. Pulmonary function measurements included airway resistance (Raw), specific airway conductance (SGaw) functional residual capacity (FRC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume during first second of expiration (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). At any one time during the post-exercise observation period decreases in SGaw were greater than changes in any other pulmonary function test, making SGaw the most sensitive test for the detection. of exercise-induced airway obstruction in asthmatics. Beyond five minutes after exercise PEFR and MMEF were reduced by exercise approximately equally, but somewhat less often and less markedly than SGaw. Exercise-induced reductions in FEV1 were less marked and less frequent than decreases in PEFR and MMEF, and reductions in FVC were the least severe and least often observed abnormality. Decreases in SGaw were significantly, but not linearly correlated with decreases in PEFR, MMEF, FEV1,, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. There were statistically significant linear correlations between exercise-induced increases in FRC and decreases in FVC and between increases in Raw and FRC. If we accept that increases in Raw and FRC indicate increases in large and small airway obstruction respectively, exercise-induced decreases in FVC may indirectly suggest acute hyperinflation and thus small airway obstruction. Although the positive correlation between Raw and FRC indicated that both large and small airway obstruction developed after exercise in many of our asthmatics, increases in Raw were usually greater than increases in FRC, suggesting that large airway obstruction tends to be greater than small airway obstruction in exercise-induced asthma.

Ozone and high ventilation effects on pulmonary function and endurance performance

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Adams ◽  
E. S. Schelegle
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Respiratory Discomfort ◽  
Exercise Induced

Ozone (O3) toxicity is potentiated by exercise-induced expired minute ventilation (VE) for a given exposure, which may also impair endurance performance. Ten healthy, well-trained long-distance runners were exposed on six occasions for 1 h to O3 concentrations of 0, 0.20, or 0.35 parts per million (ppm), during exercise simulating either training or competition, with mean VE = 77.5 1 X min -1. Standard pulmonary function tests, subjective symptoms, and periodic observations of exercise ventilatory response and respiratory metabolism were obtained. Statistical analyses revealed no significant exercise mode effect for pulmonary function, but a significant O3 effect for forced vital capacity and expiratory volume at 1 s was observed. Altered exercise ventilatory pattern response was noted, but there was no significant O3 effect on exercise oxygen uptake, heart rate, VE, or alveolar ventilation. Subjective symptoms increased with O3 concentration. Statistically significant pulmonary function impairment observed at 0.20 ppm O3 suggests that endurance athletes may be more susceptible to the effects of a given O3 concentration than normal young adult males as a result of sustained high mean VE incurred during training and competition. Three subjects were unable to complete both the training and competitive simulations at 0.35 ppm O3. Performance decrements appeared to be the result of physiologically induced respiratory discomfort rather than decrements in pulmonary gas exchange and/or oxygen transport and delivery.

Endurance training reduces the magnitude of exercise-induced hyperammonemia in humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Lo ◽  
G. A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of endurance-type exercise training on alterations of the ammonia content of blood in exercising humans. Seven females and four males trained 6 days/wk for 7 wk alternating days of continuous cycling (40 min) and interval running (five 5-min bouts). The NH3 content of blood was determined before and during cycle ergometer (CE) exercise (4 min) at power outputs (PO) of 119, 172, and 241 W pretraining and of 163, 230, and 271 W posttraining. These PO for each occasion represent relative work loads of approximately 65, 90, and 115% of peak CE maximum O2 uptake (PCE VO2), respectively. Training increased (P less than 0.05) PCE VO2 approximately 32% (2.72 +/- 0.25 to 3.56 +/- 0.29 l/min or 38.5 +/- 1.9 to 51.2 +/- 2.3 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Both pre- and posttraining the NH3 content of blood increased (P less than 0.05) with increasing intensity of exercise. Training did not influence the measure of these responses during exercise at the same relative intensity. During exercise at the same absolute PO, approximately 168 or 235 W, however, increases in blood NH3 were less (P less than 0.05) after training. The results indicate that the magnitude of increase in blood NH3 during exercise is determined by the energy requirement of the absolute work load, relative to an individual's aerobic power.

Incidence of Exercise-Induced Asthma in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Isamu Kawabori ◽  
William E. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Exercise Induced

The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied in 134 asthmatic, 102 nonasthmatic atopic, and 56 nonatopic children. Pulmonary function tests measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were performed on each child prior to and serially for 20 minutes following free running exercise. The incidence of EIA among the asthmatic and atopic nonasthmatic children was 63% and 41% respectively, and 7% among control subjects. Airway function was studied prior to and after a standardized free running exercise test. Forty-one percent of the nonasthmatic and 63% of the asthmatic atopic children had a significant decrease in airway function as compared to 5% of the nonallergic subjects.

Chronic Cough in Children: A Manifestation of Airway Hyperreactivity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Cloutier ◽  
Gerald M. Loughlin ◽  
Stephen D. DeCubellis ◽  
Mark H. Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Exercise Induced

Fifteen children who presented with chronic cough as an isolated manifestation of respiratory disease were evaluated for the presence of exercise-induced airway hyperreactivity. Pulmonary function tests using air and a helium/oxygen gas mixture were performed before exercise. Air curves alone were performed repeatedly after exercise. Eight subjects were also evaluated by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume curves before and after isoproterenol inhalation on a separate day. Ten subjects had normal pulmonary function tests at rest and five had isolated minor abnormalities. No significant changes in pulmonary function tests were recorded after inhalation of isoproterenol in the eight subjects studied. Following exercise, all 15 subjects demonstrated changes in pulmonary function tests which were similar to those seen in children with mild exercise-induced bronchospasm. After institution of theophylline, exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity were blocked in all subjects; however, several subjects had persistent mild decreases in peak flow. Within six months of discontinuing the theophylline, cough recurred in 11 of the 15 subjects. Nine subjects were restudied after return of their cough. Exercise again resulted in decreased lung function. Reinstitution of theophylline eliminated the cough in these nine subjects. This study demonstrates that chronic cough in some children may be a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity. Both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with theophylline.

Exercise induced bronchospasm in physically fit female students of Kerman University and their pulmonary function tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Marefati ◽  
Mones Hossaininasab ◽  
Azar Aghayari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Boskabady ◽  
Mahabat Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Exercise Induced

Development of a Hockey-Specific, Skate-Treadmill Protocol

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy William Dreger ◽  
H. Arthur Quinney
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

The purpose of this study was to investigate a protocol for the determination of [Formula: see text] utilizing a motor-driven skate treadmill (ST). On separate days, 6 male hockey players completed a ST and a cycle ergometer (BK) [Formula: see text] protocol. The results showed no significant difference between the ST and BK protocols for relative (60.4 + 5.09 vs. 59.0 ± 8.31 ml kg−1 min−1) and absolute [Formula: see text] values (4.51 ± 0.50 vs. 4.39 ± 0.59 L min−1), respectively. Significantly higher HR max was recorded during the ST protocol (202.3 + 4.27 vs. 200.7 ± 4.55 b min−1) (p < 0.05). Peak VE and VT were nonsignificant between the two conditions. However, peak f was higher for the ST protocol (63.0 + 7.56 vs. 60.2 ± 7.76 breath min−1) (p < 0.05). Although the physiological response to both protocols was similar, the ST protocol replicates a hockey stride, which may provide more applicable information for the development of training programs. Key words: ice hockey, aerobic power test, sport-specific

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