Effects of 2 different prior endurance exercises on whole-body fat oxidation kinetics: light vs. heavy exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chenevière ◽  
Fabio Borrani ◽  
David Droz ◽  
Boris Gojanovic ◽  
Davide Malatesta
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽  
Aerobic Power Output

This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 different prior endurance exercises on subsequent whole-body fat oxidation kinetics. Fifteen men performed 2 identical submaximal incremental tests (Incr2) on a cycle ergometer after (i) a ∼40-min submaximal incremental test (Incr1) followed by a 90-min continuous exercise performed at 50% of maximal aerobic power-output and a 1-h rest period (Heavy); and (ii) Incr1 followed by a 2.5-h rest period (Light). Fat oxidation was measured using indirect calorimetry and plotted as a function of exercise intensity during Incr1 and Incr2. A sinusoidal equation, including 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry and translation), was used to characterize the fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) that elicited the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during Incr. After the Heavy and Light trials, Fatmax, MFO, and fat oxidation rates were significantly greater during Incr2 than Incr1 (p < 0.001). However, Δ (i.e., Incr2–Incr1) Fatmax, MFO, and fat oxidation rates were greater in the Heavy compared with the Light trial (p < 0.05). The fat oxidation kinetics during Incr2Heavy showed a greater dilatation and rightward asymmetry than Incr1Heavy, whereas only a greater dilatation was observed in Incr2Light (p < 0.05). This study showed that although to a lesser extent in the Light trial, both prior exercise sessions led to an increase in Fatmax, MFO, and absolute fat oxidation rates during Incr2, inducing significant changes in the shape of the fat oxidation kinetics.

Gender differences in whole-body fat oxidation kinetics during exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chenevière ◽  
Fabio Borrani ◽  
David Sangsue ◽  
Boris Gojanovic ◽  
Davide Malatesta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oxidation Rates

Discrepancies appear in studies comparing fat oxidation between men and women. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively describe and compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics between genders during exercise, using a sinusoidal (SIN) model. Twelve men and 11 women matched for age, body mass index, and aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal power output per kilogram of fat-free mass (FFM)) performed submaximal incremental tests (Incr) with 5-min stages and a 7.5% maximal power output increment on a cycle ergometer. Fat oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry, and plotted as a function of exercise intensity. The SIN model, which includes 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry, translation) that account for the main quantitative characteristics of kinetics, was used to mathematically describe fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) eliciting the maximal fat oxidation (MFO). During Incr, women exhibited greater fat oxidation rates from 35% to 85% maximal oxygen uptake, MFO (6.6 ± 0.9 vs. 4.5 ± 0.3 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1), and Fatmax (58.1% ± 1.9% vs. 50.0% ± 2.7% maximal oxygen uptake) than men (p < 0.05). While men and women showed similar global shapes of fat oxidation kinetics in terms of dilatation and symmetry (p > 0.05), the fat oxidation curve tended to be shifted toward higher exercise intensities in women (rightward translation, p = 0.08). These results support the idea that women have a greater reliance on fat oxidation than men during submaximal exercise, but also indicate that this greater fat oxidation is shifted toward higher exercise intensities in women than in men.

scholarly journals Comparison between continuous and intermittent submaximal exercise at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Gökhan İpekoğlu ◽  
Şükrü Serdar Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽  
Protocol Test

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fat oxidation during continuous and intermittent acute endurance exercise. Eleven healthy untrained men participated in this study. Subjects performed Bruce protocol test on cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max).  The exercise intensity in which the highest fat oxidation rate occurs was determined in this exercise test for each subject. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2) production during the exercises were followed by respiratory gas analyzer and whole-body fat oxidation was calculated by indirect calorimeter equations. Subjects performed 45min intermittent (IE) and continuous (CE) exercises in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at intensity correspondent at the highest fat oxidation rate (Fat max). The peak fat oxidation rate was equal to 40.6% of maximum oxygen consumption of subjects. The changes occurring with time in fat (F=20.67) and carbohydrate (F=19.44) oxidation rates were statistically significant (P<0.01). However, the changes of fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation with time did not show any statistically significant differences between the continuous and intermittent exercises (P>0.05). The results of the study indicate that the continuous and intermittent exercises performed at the exercise intensity ensuring maximum fat oxidation rate provide similar fat oxidation. Especially, for the individuals starting regular exercise applications newly, it can be said that similar positive results regarding fat oxidation can also be obtained by avoiding the insipidity of long lasting exercises and giving breaks.

Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1352-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Croci ◽  
Ingrid J. Hickman ◽  
Rachel E. Wood ◽  
Fabio Borrani ◽  
Graeme A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), as well as the exercise intensity at which it occurs (Fatmax), have been reported as lower in sedentary overweight individuals but have not been studied in trained overweight individuals. The aim of this study was to compare Fatmax and MFO in lean and overweight recreationally trained males matched for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to study the relationships between these variables, anthropometric characteristics, and CRF. Twelve recreationally trained overweight (high fatness (HiFat) group, 30.0% ± 5.3% body fat) and 12 lean males (low fatness (LoFat), 17.2% ± 5.7% body fat) matched for CRF (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 39.0 ± 5.5 vs. 41.4 ± 7.6 mL·kg–1·min–1, p = 0.31) and age (p = 0.93) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. V̇O2max and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry; Fatmax and MFO were determined with a mathematical model (SIN); and % body fat was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. MFO (0.38 ± 0.19 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 g·min–1, p = 0.58), Fatmax (46.7% ± 8.6% vs. 45.4% ± 7.2% V̇O2max, p = 0.71), and fat oxidation rates over a wide range of exercise intensities were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between HiFat and LoFat groups. In the overall cohort (n = 24), MFO and Fatmax were correlated with V̇O2max (r = 0.46, p = 0.02; r = 0.61, p = 0.002) but not with % body fat or body mass index (p > 0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise was similar in recreationally trained overweight and lean males matched for CRF. Consistently, substrate oxidation rates during exercise were not related to adiposity (% body fat) but were related to CRF. The benefits of high CRF independent of body weight and % body fat should be further highlighted in the management of obesity.

scholarly journals Whole-body fat oxidation increases more by prior exercise than overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson Hall ◽  
Fredrik Edin ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
Klavs Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

The purpose of this study was to compare whole-body fat oxidation kinetics after prior exercise with overnight fasting in elite endurance athletes. Thirteen highly trained athletes (9 men and 4 women; maximal oxygen uptake: 66 ± 1 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed 3 identical submaximal incremental tests on a cycle ergometer using a cross-over design. A control test (CON) was performed 3 h after a standardized breakfast, a fasting test (FAST) 12 h after a standardized evening meal, and a postexercise test (EXER) after standardized breakfast, endurance exercise, and 2 h fasting recovery. The test consisted of 3 min each at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake and fat oxidation rates were measured through indirect calorimetry. During CON, maximal fat oxidation rate was 0.51 ± 0.04 g·min−1 compared with 0.69 ± 0.04 g·min−1 in FAST (P < 0.01), and 0.89 ± 0.05 g·min−1 in EXER (P < 0.01). Across all intensities, EXER was significantly higher than FAST and FAST was higher than CON (P < 0.01). Blood insulin levels were lower and free fatty acid and cortisol levels were higher at the start of EXER compared with CON and FAST (P < 0.05). Plasma nuclear magnetic resonance-metabolomics showed similar changes in both EXER and FAST, including increased levels of fatty acids and succinate. In conclusion, prior exercise significantly increases whole-body fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared with overnight fasting. Already high rates of maximal fat oxidation in elite endurance athletes were increased by approximately 75% after prior exercise and fasting recovery.

scholarly journals Differences in whole-body fat oxidation kinetics between cycling and running

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chenevière ◽  
Davide Malatesta ◽  
Boris Gojanovic ◽  
Fabio Borrani
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body

Metabolism and Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Following Postexercise Carbohydrate or Protein Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson-Hall ◽  
Stefan Pettersson ◽  
Fredrik Edin ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
Daniel Malmodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

Purpose: This study investigated how postexercise intake of placebo (PLA), protein (PRO), or carbohydrate (CHO) affected fat oxidation (FO) and metabolic parameters during recovery and subsequent exercise. Methods: In a cross-over design, 12 moderately trained women (VO2max 45 ± 6 ml·min−1·kg−1) performed three days of testing. A 23-min control (CON) incremental FO bike test (30–80% VO2max) was followed by 60 min exercise at 75% VO2max. Immediately postexercise, subjects ingested PLA, 20 g PRO, or 40 g CHO followed by a second FO bike test 2 h later. Results: Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at which MFO occurs (Fatmax) increased at the second FO test compared to the first following all three postexercise drinks (MFO for CON = 0.28 ± 0.08, PLA = 0.57 ± 0.13, PRO = 0.52 ± 0.08, CHO = 0.44 ± 0.12 g fat·min−1; Fatmax for CON = 41 ± 7, PLA = 54 ± 4, PRO = 55 ± 6, CHO = 50 ± 8 %VO2max, p < 0.01 for all values compared to CON). Resting FO, MFO, and Fatmax were not significantly different between PLA and PRO, but lower for CHO. PRO and CHO increased insulin levels at 1 h postexercise, though both glucose and insulin were equal with PLA at 2 h postexercise. Increased postexercise ketone levels only occurred with PLA. Conclusion: Protein supplementation immediately postexercise did not affect the doubling in whole body fat oxidation seen during a subsequent exercise trial 2 h later. Neither did it affect resting fat oxidation during the postexercise period despite increased insulin levels and attenuated ketosis. Carbohydrate intake dampened the increase in fat oxidation during the second test, though a significant increase was still observed compared to the first test.

scholarly journals Calorie restriction increases fatty acid synthesis and whole body fat oxidation rates

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Douglas Bruss ◽  
Cyrus F Khambatta ◽  
Ishita Aggarwal ◽  
Marc K Hellerstein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidation Rates

Determinants of maximal whole-body fat oxidation in elite cross-country skiers: Role of skeletal muscle mitochondria

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2494-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Dandanell ◽  
Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby ◽  
Andreas B. Andersen ◽  
Paul F. Lang ◽  
Laura Oberholzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole‐body fat oxidation during moderate‐intensity exercise

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Chee ◽  
Chris E. Shannon ◽  
Aisling Burns ◽  
Anna L. Selby ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Substrate oxidation during exercise in taekwondo athletes: impact of aerobic fitness status

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
B. Taati ◽  
H. Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of different aerobic fitness levels on substrate oxidation in trained taekwondo athletes. 57 male athletes (age 21.10±7.79 years; VO2max 50.67±6.67 ml/kg/min) with regular weekly taekwondo training and training experience of at least three years completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the exercise intensity related to MFO (Fatmax), and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate were measured using indirect calorimetry methods. The athletes then were divided into a low (<50 ml/kg/min, n=18) and high (>50 ml/kg/min, n=39) VO2max group. The average MFO was higher in the high VO2max group than in the low VO2max group (0.46±0.19 vs 0.28±0.11 g/min; P<0.001). Although Fatmax tended toward higher values in the high VO2max group, no difference was observed between the groups (49.15±15.22 vs 42.42±12.37% of VO2max; P=0.18). It was also shown that the high VO2max group had a lower CHO oxidation rate and a higher fat oxidation rate at given exercise intensities. In conclusion, it seems that MFO and substrate oxidation rates in taekwondo athletes can be influenced by aerobic fitness level such that the athletes with higher VO2max appeared to use more fat as a fuel source for energy supply during a given exercise.

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